Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 11, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202100728
Keywords
efficiency calibration; organics; perovskites; quantum dots; quantum efficiency; solar cells
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency
- U.S. Department of Energy Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) [34351]
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Emerging photovoltaic technologies have gained remarkable attention for their rapid efficiency growth and transition toward commercialization. Accurate efficiency measurements are crucial for these technologies, but are more complicated due to their dynamic responses and susceptibility to degradation. Comprehensive efficiency calibration and reporting steady-state efficiency are important for better comparisons between reported efficiencies.
Emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies (e.g., organic, perovskite, and solution processed quantum dot) have attracted remarkable attention with the rapid growth of their efficiencies, and their transition toward commercialization. Accurate and reliable efficiency measurements of these PV technologies are crucial, yet much more complicated than for conventional PV technologies due to the former's pronounced dynamic responses to changes in measurement conditions (e.g., current-voltage (I-V) scan rate and preconditioning) and their susceptibility to degradation. Adjustments to the measurement procedures are therefore necessary so that a reproducible steady state is reached during measurement. Furthermore, given the small size of many emerging cells, inappropriate device area definition and solar simulator setup can lead to measurement errors. Here, comprehensive efficiency calibration guidance is offered for emerging solar cells, including area measurement; spectral irradiance translation to standard test conditions; and steady-state electrical performance. The necessity of reporting steady-state efficiency is justified with a statistical performance comparison between conventional and steady-state I-V scans over hundreds of cells the group has received globally for efficiency certifications. The procedures described here do not require specialized measurement instrumentation; what matters most are changes to the measurement protocols. These described changes aim to enable better comparisons between reported efficiencies.
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