Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anthony J. Maiolatesi, Kirsty A. Clark, John E. Pachankis
Summary: This study examines the differences in rejection sensitivity among Swedish young adults based on gender, sexual orientation, and age using the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire. The findings show that women, sexual minorities, and younger individuals have significantly higher levels of rejection sensitivity compared to men, heterosexuals, and older individuals.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Miray Akyunus, Tulin Gencoz, B. Turkuler Aka
Summary: The study found that men tend to score higher on openness and hostile dominance, while women score higher on neuroticism and agreeableness. As individuals age, conscientiousness tends to increase, while hostile dominance tends to decrease throughout young adulthood. The implications of the findings were discussed in the context of gender and age differences in personality.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
David Elkind, Hannah Hochgerner, Etay Aloni, Noam Shental, Amit Zeisel, Tali Kimchi
Summary: Researchers used the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity project's images to systematically characterize cell density and volume in the mouse brain. They discovered that overall brain volume does not uniformly expand across all regions and that region-specific density changes are often negatively correlated with region volume. They also found that cell count does not scale linearly with volume.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ann Pearman, Shevaun D. Neupert, Gilda E. Ennis
Summary: Research has shown a link between heart rate reactivity and extraversion in younger adults, but similar work has not been done with older adults. In a study comparing different age groups, older adults with higher extraversion showed greater heart rate increase during a difficult memory task, whereas younger adults with lower extraversion displayed higher reactivity. Individual differences in extraversion should be considered when administering memory tasks in older adults.
Article
Ecology
Patrice Pottier, Samantha Burke, Szymon M. Drobniak, Malgorzata Lagisz, Shinichi Nakagawa
Summary: The study found that in wild animals, females had a greater heat tolerance plasticity than males, and females also had a greater cold tolerance plasticity in terrestrial habitats. However, the strength and direction of this sexual dimorphism was associated with the duration of acclimation. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between body mass and plasticity, and the capacity for each sex to adjust their thermal tolerance and preference was found to be limited.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Henri Weimerskirch, Alexandre Corbeau, Adrien Pajot, Samantha C. Patrick, Julien Collet
Summary: Animals develop new behaviors to adapt to human activities or environmental changes. Albatrosses are attracted to fishing vessels, which provide food but also cause bycatch mortalities. The study examines the changes in attraction to vessels over the lifetime of albatrosses and finds differences between age classes, sexes, and personality. The results show that attraction to vessels increases with age, suggesting it is a learned process rather than juvenile preference for new objects. These findings have important conservation implications for different age groups, personality types, populations, and species.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Kathryn V. Walter, Daniel Conroy-Beam, David M. Buss, Kelly Asao, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Toivo Aavik, Grace Akello, Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba, Charlotte Alm, Naumana Amjad, Afifa Anjum, Chiemezie S. Atama, Derya Atamturk Duyar, Richard Ayebare, Carlota Batres, Mons Bendixen, Aicha Bensafia, Boris Bizumic, Mahmoud Boussena, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, Katarzyna Cantarero, Antonin Carrier, Hakan Cetinkaya, Ilona Croy, Rosa Maria Cueto, Marcin Czub, Daria Dronova, Seda Dural, Izzet Duyar, Berna Ertugrul, Agustin Espinosa, Ignacio Estevan, Carla Sofia Esteves, Luxi Fang, Tomasz Frackowiak, Jorge Contreras Garduno, Karina Ugalde Gonzalez, Farida Guemaz, Petra Gyuris, Maria Halamova, Iskra Herak, Marina Horvat, Ivana Hromatko, Chin-Ming Hui, Jas Laile Jaafar, Feng Jiang, Konstantinos Kafetsios, Tina Kavcic, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Nicolas Kervyn, Truong Thi Khanh Ha, Imran Ahmed Khilji, Nils C. Kobis, Hoang Moc Lan, Andras Lang, Georgina R. Lennard, Ernesto Leon, Torun Lindholm, Trinh Thi Linh, Giulia Lopez, Nguyen Van Luot, Alvaro Mailhos, Zoi Manesi, Rocio Martinez, Sarah L. McKerchar, Norbert Mesko, Girishwar Misra, Conal Monaghan, Emanuel C. Mora, Alba Moya-Garofano, Bojan Musil, Jean Carlos Natividade, Agnieszka Niemczyk, George Nizharadze, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Mohd Sofian Omar-Fauzee, Ike E. Onyishi, Baris Ozener, Ariela Francesca Pagani, Vilmante Pakalniskiene, Miriam Parise, Farid Pazhoohi, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Pisanski, Edna Ponciano, Camelia Popa, Pavol Prokop, Muhammad Rizwan, Mario Sainz, Svjetlana Salkicevic, Ruta Sargautyte, Ivan Sarmany-Schuller, Susanne Schmehl, Shivantika Sharad, Razi Sultan Siddiqui, Franco Simonetti, Stanislava Yordanova Stoyanova, Meri Tadinac, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Luis Diego Vega, Dwi Ajeng Widarini, Gyesook Yoo, Marta Marta Zat'kova, Maja Zupancic
Summary: The relationship between sex ratio and human mating behaviors and preferences has been explored, revealing that people tend to have more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources in areas where the opposite sex is abundant.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Lauren M. Harrison, Daniel W. A. Noble, Michael D. Jennions
Summary: This study found no significant differences in personality between sexes in non-human animals, and sexual size dimorphism did not explain the variation in observed sex differences in personality across different taxonomic groups.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Psychology
Julius Frankenbach, Marcel Weber, David D. Loschelder, Helena Kilger, Malte Friese
Summary: This article provides a scientific and psychological perspective on sex drive and supports the notion that men have a stronger sex drive than women through a meta-analytic review. The study suggests that gender differences in self-reported sex drive may be influenced by men overreporting and women underreporting. Understanding sex drive contributes to our knowledge of interpersonal relationships and society as a whole.
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Vaughan-Johnston, Faizan Imtiaz, Albert Lee, Li-Jun Ji
Summary: The studies show that business and political leaders tend to be older in Eastern cultures compared to Western cultures, with cultural tightness mediating the relationship between culture and leader age. This suggests that cultural differences play a significant role in shaping leadership demographics.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Social
Vincent Egan
Summary: Human sexuality is crucial for species' survival and well-being, influenced by individual differences, biological dynamics, and personality traits. Research shows a link between sexual behavior and issues such as risk of reconviction and relapse, disturbed attachments, and the role of intelligence in decision-making in this area. Studying sexual behavior, personality, and intelligence helps in fostering interest in differential psychology and its applications.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2021)
Article
Gerontology
Billy A. Caceres, Jasmine Travers, Yashika Sharma
Summary: The research found that sexual minority adults have a higher likelihood of multimorbidity compared to heterosexual cisgender adults, and these disparities vary across different age groups. The results emphasize the need for health promotion interventions to reduce adverse health outcomes among sexual minorities.
JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Weixi Kang
Summary: Self-rated health (SRH) is a subjective evaluation of one's own health. Personality traits, including Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, have consistently been found to be significant predictors of SRH. The current study, analyzing data from 33,256 participants, found that age significantly moderates the associations between Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness and SRH after controlling for demographic covariates. This suggests that the relationship between personality traits and SRH varies across different ages.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Adrian Furnham, Luke Treglown
Summary: This study examined sex differences in domain and facet scores from six personality tests in large adult samples, finding significant differences but very few with a substantial effect size. Results from each test were compared and implications and limitations for researchers interested in assessment and selection were discussed.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Krizman, Elena K. Rotondo, Trent Nicol, Nina Kraus, Kasia Bieszczad
Summary: Research suggests that female rodents process sound harmonics more robustly than males, and this difference is related to levels of circulating estrogen. Hormonal differences, specifically estrogen signaling, may underlie sex differences in harmonic encoding in rodents.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Business
Ho Fai Chan, Uwe Dulleck, Jonas Fooken, Naomi Moy, Benno Torgler
Summary: Increasing tax compliance of self-employed business owners, especially those involved in cash transactions, is a challenge for tax authorities. This study presents experimental evidence testing ten different policy strategies and finds that stricter enforcement and cooperative approaches are effective in enhancing tax compliance.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Steve J. Bickley, Benno Torgler
Summary: As AI continues to advance, it is crucial to include humans in future AI development. Despite human involvement in the production process, modern AI is often criticized for its lack of transparency. Future AI will face unforeseen ethical dilemmas, requiring a deeper understanding of their decision-making process. Opening up the black box of AI is necessary to prevent wrong choices and to ensure accountability. The application of cognitive architectures for ethical AI can contribute to transparency and explainability.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Stephen Whyte, Ho Fai Chan, Nikita Ferguson, Megan Godwin, Karin Hammarberg, Benno Torgler
Summary: The global under-supply of sperm and oocyte donors is a serious concern for assisted reproductive medicine. Research on the reasons behind non-donation is crucial for understanding the majority who choose not to donate. A study of online survey respondents reveals that women are more conditionally willing to participate in gamete donation and are more likely to justify their non-donation based on reproductive history or kin selection, while men are more likely to validate their non-donation based on sociocultural or religious reasons.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Eva Matthaei, Ho Fai Chan, Charlotte Schmidt, Benno Torgler
Summary: This research investigates the importance of trust in international institutions for the development of tax morale, specifically focusing on the interactions between trust in the national government and trust in the European Union (EU) or trust in the United Nations (UN). Using large-scale survey data from European countries, the study provides evidence that all three trust variables are significantly related to the individual level of tax morale. The findings suggest that while trust in the EU and the UN have similar effects, trust in the national government appears to be the main driver of tax morale. However, the interaction between trust in the national government and trust in different international institutions varies depending on the national context.
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STUDIES-EPS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Stephen Whyte, Laura Bray, Martin Brumpton, Ho Fai Chan, Tim S. Peltz, Manisha Tamar, Uwe Dulleck, Dietmar W. Hutmacher
Summary: This study explores women's understanding of the risks associated with cosmetic breast augmentation and their perception of revision surgeries. The results indicate that factors such as age, health, income, education, and openness to experience influence women's initial risk preferences. Providing risk-related information increases women's risk assessment and decreases their willingness to recommend breast augmentation, but does not affect their assessment of the likelihood of revision surgery. Therefore, improving the process of informed consent consultation is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ivan Aranzales, Ho Fai Chan, Benno Torgler
Summary: Understanding the role of emotions in academia is challenging, but studying Nobel Prize winners can provide insights. We hypothesize that Nobel laureates who have waited longer for the award will experience stronger positive emotions upon receiving it. Analyzing banquet speeches, we find a robust positive correlation between waiting time and positive emotions.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Franklin G. Mixon, Benno Torgler
Summary: New technological developments have sparked interest in evaluating new tools of participatory and representative engagement in politics. However, recent academic research has mainly focused on voters rather than legislators. This study fills this gap by empirically exploring the unique case of proxy voting by U.S. House of Representatives members during COVID-19. The study finds a positive correlation between vote skipping in 2019 and the use of proxy voting in 2021, suggesting that proxy voting in this case is connected to legislative shirking.
FRONTIERS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Annita Nugent, Ho Fai Chan
Summary: A better understanding of effective university technology transfer is crucial for academic research impact, innovation, and economic growth. This study provides evidence on the impact of outsourcing commercialization tasks on technology transfer performance. Outsourcing to an established tech-transfer office of another university increases opportunities for academics in research commercialization, but does not lead to an increase in popular indicators of successful commercialization. However, post-outsourcing, there is evidence of sustained advantage in some technology transfer activities.
Article
Sociology
Paul Frijters, David W. Johnston, Rachel J. Knott, Benno Torgler
Summary: After major adversity, some individuals rely on their religious faith and networks for comfort and support, leading to a positive effect on the importance of religion. However, immediate negative effects are found post-disaster, indicating that recovery activities restrict time for religious worship.
JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Nicolas Baecker, Ho Fai (Ben) Chan, Sascha L. Schmidt, Dominik Schreyer, Benno Torgler
Summary: This study examines the determinants of women's volleyball demand across three different distribution channels and finds that volleyball demand is relatively stable in online streaming and TV broadcasts, but less so in the stadium experience. The study suggests that sporting bodies should carefully consider the pros and cons of an exclusively online distribution strategy.
EUROPEAN SPORT MANAGEMENT QUARTERLY
(2023)
Article
Sociology
Christopher Boulis, Benno Torgler
Summary: This study examines the influence of religion on relationship stability using a nationally representative panel data set. The results show that intrafaith couples tend to have higher relationship stability, but this effect becomes statistically insignificant when controlling for other factors. Religious attendance has a positive effect on stability in intrafaith couples but can lower stability in interfaith and mixed couples.
JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION
(2023)