Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Coralie D. Adam
Summary: A strategy to prevent asteroids from hitting Earth has successfully completed its initial test, confirming predictions about the impact response of asteroids and providing valuable insights.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Gustavo Madeira, Sebastien Charnoz, Ryuki Hyodo
Summary: Didymos is a binary near-Earth asteroid that is being targeted by the DART and HERA space missions. The primary body, Didymos, rotates at a speed close to shedding mass, while the secondary body, Dimorphos, is a moon that orbits around Didymos. By using 1D models, researchers have found that the material lost from Didymos' surface forms a ring at its equator, which then spreads outside the Didymos' Roche limit and forms moonlets. Some of this material becomes Dimorphos, while most of it falls back onto Didymos.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nair Trogolo, Adriano Campo Bagatin, Fernando Moreno, Paula G. Benavidez
Summary: A recent study published in the journal of Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy shows that the spin rates of Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) are increasing, and some of them may experience outward acceleration near the equator, allowing material to be lifted off their surfaces. Researchers have investigated the dynamics of particles in this environment and estimated the take-off and landing areas on one specific asteroid. The study also reveals that large particles dominate the mass density distribution, while the abundance of small particles depends on the observation epoch.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yun Zhang, Patrick Michel, Derek C. Richardson, Olivier S. Barnouin, Harrison F. Agrusa, Kleomenis Tsiganis, Claudia Manzoni, Brian H. May
Summary: The study investigated the structural stability and cohesive strength of the binary asteroid Didymos, identifying the critical cohesion needed to maintain its stability and highlighting the impact of different formation pathways. Furthermore, the potential destabilizing effects of the DART impact on this system were explored.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Stefano Bagnulo, Zuri Gray, Mikael Granvik, Alberto Cellino, Ludmilla Kolokolova, Karri Muinonen, Olga Munoz, Cyrielle Opitom, Antti Penttila, Colin Snodgrass
Summary: We studied the Didymos-Dimorphos binary asteroid in spectropolarimetric mode to understand the characteristics of the ejected dust before and after the DART impact. Prior to impact, Didymos showed an increasing linear polarization with phase angle, reaching about 5% in the blue and 4.5% in the red. The polarization spectrum was anticorrelated with the reflectance spectrum, indicating it was an S-class asteroid. After impact, the level of polarization slightly decreased in both the blue and red bands, but continued to increase linearly with phase angle, similar to the measurements before impact. The lack of significant change in the polarization spectrum suggests that the wavelength dependence of polarization depends on the composition of the scattering material rather than its structure.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Adalberto Dominguez, Victor M. Moreno, Francisco Cabral
Summary: In this paper, GMV presents its work in developing a Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) system for a Kinetic Impact mission. The paper highlights the importance of monitoring potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and the need for mitigation strategies in planetary defense. The kinetic impactor concept is considered the most promising method, and this study focuses on the GNC system required for its implementation.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Pajola, O. S. Barnouin, A. Lucchetti, M. Hirabayashi, R. -L. Ballouz, E. Asphaug, C. M. Ernst, V. Della Corte, T. Farnham, G. Poggiali, J. M. Sunshine, E. Mazzotta Epifani, N. Murdoch, S. Ieva, S. R. Schwartz, S. Ivanovski, J. M. Trigo-Rodriguez, A. Rossi, N. L. Chabot, A. Zinzi, A. Rivkin, J. R. Brucato, P. Michel, G. Cremonese, E. Dotto, M. Amoroso, I. Bertini, A. Capannolo, A. Cheng, B. Cotugno, M. Dall'Ora, R. T. Daly, V. Di Tana, J. D. P. Deshapriya, I. Gai, P. H. A. Hasselmann, G. Impresario, M. Lavagna, A. Meneghin, F. Miglioretti, D. Modenini, P. Palumbo, D. Perna, S. Pirrotta, E. Simioni, S. Simonetti, P. Tortora, M. Zannoni, G. Zanotti
Summary: This research discusses the impact of the DART spacecraft on the Dimorphos satellite of the Didymos system and explores the observation and mapping strategies. By studying geological features and processes on other NEAs, the impact conditions that DART might encounter on Dimorphos are assessed.
PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
H. F. Agrusa, R. Ballouz, A. J. Meyer, E. Tasev, G. Noiset, O. Karatekin, P. Michel, D. C. Richardson, M. Hirabayashi
Summary: This study models the dynamical evolution of a Didymos-like binary asteroid system and finds that an excited spin and orbit can induce granular motion and surface refreshment. However, for the case of the DART mission, this effect is highly dependent on many unknown factors.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Timothy Titus, D. Robertson, J. B. Sankey, L. Mastin, F. Rengers
Summary: Modern civilization lacks collective experience in dealing with the potential wide-ranging effects of a medium-sized asteroid impact. While efforts have been made to model the initial effects of meteor impacts or airbursts, the long-term cascading hazards are often overlooked. This paper reviews the initial and cascading effects of more common natural disasters and discusses their relevance to the expected long-term effects of an asteroid impact. A framework linking multiple hazard models could greatly benefit emergency managers, resource planners, and research scientists involved in mitigation and recovery efforts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruno S. Chagas, Antonio Fernando Bertachini de Almeida Prado, Othon Cabo Winter
Summary: The deflection of potentially dangerous asteroids has received significant attention in scientific research, and the kinetic impact deflection technique is considered the most viable approach. In this study, we explore the possibility of using a maneuver similar to a powered gravity-assisted maneuver to change the trajectory of an asteroid and prevent a collision within a short timeframe. The research demonstrates that this technique can effectively alter the trajectory of an asteroid without requiring a significant change in its orbit velocity.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra Witze
Summary: The mysterious space rock, possibly the exposed core of a planet that failed to fully form, could provide insights into the origins of the Solar System.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra Witze
Summary: Samples collected by NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission have the potential to reveal secrets of the Solar System.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
David Polishook, Francesca E. Demeo, Brian J. Burt, Cristina A. Thomas, Andrew S. Rivkin, Juan A. Sanchez, Vishnu Reddy
Summary: Ejecta from Dimorphos significantly increased the brightness of the Didymos-Dimorphos system following the DART mission impact. Spectroscopic observations showed that the spectral features remained fixed while the ejecta dissipated, confirming the composition of both Didymos and Dimorphos. This result strongly supports the binary asteroid formation models.
PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Daisuke Kuroda, Masateru Ishiguro, Hiroyuki Naito, Makoto Watanabe, Sunao Hasegawa, Seiko Takagi, Kiyoshi Kuramoto
Summary: By conducting multiband polarization imaging observations of the near-Earth asteroid (85989) 1999 JD(6), we found that its inversion angle and maximum polarization degree are 27 degrees and 13%, respectively. This object belongs to the group of Barbarians and has rougher surface particles compared to lunar regolith.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Iosto Fodde, Jinglang Feng, Annalisa Riccardi, Massimiliano Vasile
Summary: This paper studies the dynamics of a CubeSat orbiting a binary asteroid system, which can be complex due to the irregular gravitational fields of the two bodies and the significant effect of Solar radiation pressure. The large distance to Earth and small size of the bodies also result in difficulties in observation and modeling. Three novel dynamics indicators are proposed to analyze the stability and mission performance of orbits in the system under uncertainty.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. Rossi, A. Lucchetti, M. Massironi, L. Penasa, R. Pozzobon, G. Munaretto, M. Pajola
Summary: Widespread brittle deformation characterizes the surface of Ganymede, especially in the dark terrain regions where many furrows occur. These structures are important for understanding the early history of the satellite, the tectonics that affected the dark terrain, and the formation of light terrain. The origin of these structures is still unclear, but evidence suggests an endogenic origin.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
G. Munaretto, A. Lucchetti, M. Pajola, G. Cremonese, M. Massironi
Summary: This study investigates the physical properties of the reflecting material in the hollows of Tyagaraja and Canova craters through photometric modeling. The results suggest that the hollow forming material may consist of roundish particles or particles with a high density of scattering centers, consistent with the release of volatiles as part of the hollows' formation mechanism.
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Andrea Capannolo, Giovanni Zanotti, Michele Lavagna, Giuseppe Cataldo
Summary: In this paper, a Model Predictive Guidance and Control strategy is proposed and applied to perform rephasing manoeuvres in the harsh environment of the Near Rectilinear Halo Orbits. By including first a limited thrust constraint and then a collision avoidance, a more mission-oriented approach is provided to the system. An adaptive logic is provided to increase the robustness of the on-board algorithms.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alessandro Pisello, Matteo Bisolfati, Giovanni Poggiali, Pietro Tolomei, Eleonora Braschi, John Robert Brucato, Diego Perugini
Summary: Volcanic products, including lava flows and volcanic ash, are widely found on Mercury. Silicate glasses are a major component in these volcanic products and the regolith on Mercury likely contains a significant amount of glassy material. In the lab, a Mercury-like silicate glass was created and 14 powdered samples with different granulometric characteristics were obtained. The reflectance of these samples in the mid-infrared region was studied and the results will be important for interpreting data collected by the BepiColombo mission.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vidhya Ganesh Rangarajan, Livio L. Tornabene, Gordon R. Osinski, Susan J. Conway, Frank P. Seelos, Simone Silvestro, Francesco Salese, Maurizio Pajola, Alice Lucchetti, Giovanni Munaretto, Valentin T. Bickel, Nicolas Thomas, Gabriele Cremonese
Summary: Mars has a variety of active surface processes related to ice/frost, slope activity, wind, and potential liquid water. Monitoring and detecting changes in these processes are crucial for understanding present and past Martian surface conditions. High-resolution remote sensing images from MRO and the CaSSIS instrument on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter allow detailed tracking and monitoring of these changes. This study provides techniques for conducting change detection campaigns with CaSSIS, including qualitative and semi-quantitative methods for reliable change identification and tracking.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew F. Cheng, Harrison F. Agrusa, Brent W. Barbee, Alex J. Meyer, Tony L. Farnham, Sabina D. Raducan, Derek C. Richardson, Elisabetta Dotto, Angelo Zinzi, Vincenzo Della Corte, Thomas S. Statler, Steven Chesley, Shantanu P. Naidu, Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Jian-Yang Li, Siegfried Eggl, Olivier S. Barnouin, Nancy L. Chabot, Sidney Chocron, Gareth S. Collins, R. Terik Daly, Thomas M. Davison, Mallory E. DeCoster, Carolyn M. Ernst, Fabio Ferrari, Dawn M. Graninger, Seth A. Jacobson, Martin Jutzi, Kathryn M. Kumamoto, Robert Luther, Joshua R. Lyzhoft, Patrick Michel, Naomi Murdoch, Ryota Nakano, Eric Palmer, Andrew S. Rivkin, Daniel J. Scheeres, Angela M. Stickle, Jessica M. Sunshine, Josep M. Trigo-Rodriguez, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, James D. Walker, Kai Wuennemann, Yun Zhang, Marilena Amoroso, Ivano Bertini, John R. Brucato, Andrea Capannolo, Gabriele Cremonese, Massimo Dall'Ora, Prasanna J. D. Deshapriya, Igor Gai, Pedro H. Hasselmann, Simone Ieva, Gabriele Impresario, Stavro L. Ivanovski, Michele Lavagna, Alice Lucchetti, Elena M. Epifani, Dario Modenini, Maurizio Pajola, Pasquale Palumbo, Davide Perna, Simone Pirrotta, Giovanni Poggiali, Alessandro Rossi, Paolo Tortora, Marco Zannoni, Giovanni Zanotti
Summary: The NASA DART mission successfully conducted a kinetic impact on the asteroid Dimorphos, resulting in a significant reduction in its orbital velocity. This experiment validated kinetic impact as an effective method for asteroid deflection, as it demonstrated enhanced momentum transfer due to the recoil from impact ejecta streams. The findings suggest that the DART mission was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jian-Yang Li, Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Tony L. Farnham, Jessica M. Sunshine, Matthew M. Knight, Gonzalo Tancredi, Fernando Moreno, Brian Murphy, Cyrielle Opitom, Steve Chesley, Daniel J. Scheeres, Cristina A. Thomas, Eugene G. Fahnestock, Andrew F. Cheng, Linda Dressel, Carolyn M. Ernst, Fabio Ferrari, Alan Fitzsimmons, Simone Ieva, Stavro L. Ivanovski, Theodore Kareta, Ludmilla Kolokolova, Tim Lister, Sabina D. Raducan, Andrew S. Rivkin, Alessandro Rossi, Stefania Soldini, Angela M. Stickle, Alison Vick, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Harold A. Weaver, Stefano Bagnulo, Michele T. Bannister, Saverio Cambioni, Adriano Campo Bagatin, Nancy L. Chabot, Gabriele Cremonese, R. Terik Daly, Elisabetta Dotto, David A. Glenar, Mikael Granvik, Pedro H. Hasselmann, Isabel Herreros, Seth Jacobson, Martin Jutzi, Tomas Kohout, Fiorangela La Forgia, Monica Lazzarin, Zhong-Yi Lin, Ramin Lolachi, Alice Lucchetti, Rahil Makadia, Elena Mazzotta Epifani, Patrick Michel, Alessandra Migliorini, Nicholas A. Moskovitz, Jens Ormo, Maurizio Pajola, Paul Sanchez, Stephen R. Schwartz, Colin Snodgrass, Jordan Steckloff, Timothy J. Stubbs, Josep M. Trigo-Rodriguez
Summary: This study used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe the evolution of the DART impact ejecta from 15 minutes to 18.5 days, revealing that the ejecta initially are dominated by gravitational interaction and later driven by solar radiation pressure, forming a sustained tail consistent with previously observed asteroid tails. This provides a framework for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of asteroids disrupted by impacts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cristina A. Thomas, Shantanu P. Naidu, Peter Scheirich, Nicholas A. Moskovitz, Petr Pravec, Steven R. Chesley, Andrew S. Rivkin, David J. Osip, Tim A. Lister, Lance A. M. Benner, Marina Brozovic, Carlos Contreras, Nidia Morrell, Agata Rozek, Peter Kusnirak, Kamil Hornoch, Declan Mages, Patrick A. Taylor, Andrew D. Seymour, Colin Snodgrass, Uffe G. Jorgensen, Martin Dominik, Brian Skiff, Tom Polakis, Matthew M. Knight, Tony L. Farnham, Jon D. Giorgini, Brian Rush, Julie Bellerose, Pedro Salas, William P. Armentrout, Galen Watts, Michael W. Busch, Joseph Chatelain, Edward Gomez, Sarah Greenstreet, Liz Phillips, Mariangela Bonavita, Martin J. Burgdorf, Elahe Khalouei, Penelope Longa-Pena, Markus Rabus, Sedighe Sajadian, Nancy L. Chabot, Andrew F. Cheng, William H. Ryan, Eileen V. Ryan, Carrie E. Holt, Harrison F. Agrusa
Summary: The DART spacecraft successfully tested a kinetic impactor by colliding with the asteroid Dimorphos and changing its orbital period. The change in orbit suggests that ejecta contributed momentum to the asteroid beyond what the spacecraft carried.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Terik Daly, Carolyn M. Ernst, Olivier S. Barnouin, Nancy L. Chabot, Andrew S. Rivkin, Andrew F. Cheng, Elena Y. Adams, Harrison F. Agrusa, Elisabeth D. Abel, Amy L. Alford, Erik I. Asphaug, Justin A. Atchison, Andrew R. Badger, Paul Baki, Ronald-L. Ballouz, Dmitriy L. Bekker, Julie Bellerose, Shyam Bhaskaran, Bonnie J. Buratti, Saverio Cambioni, Michelle H. Chen, Steven R. Chesley, George Chiu, Gareth S. Collins, Matthew W. Cox, Mallory E. DeCoster, Peter S. Ericksen, Raymond C. Espiritu, Alan S. Faber, Tony L. Farnham, Fabio Ferrari, Zachary J. Fletcher, Robert W. Gaskell, Dawn M. Graninger, Musad A. Haque, Patricia A. Harrington-Duff, Sarah Hefter, Isabel Herreros, Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Philip M. Huang, Syau-Yun W. Hsieh, Seth A. Jacobson, Stephen N. Jenkins, Mark A. Jensenius, Jeremy W. John, Martin Jutzi, Tomas Kohout, Timothy O. Krueger, Frank E. Laipert, Norberto R. Lopez, Robert Luther, Alice Lucchetti, Declan M. Mages, Simone Marchi, Anna C. Martin, Maria E. McQuaide, Patrick Michel, Nicholas A. Moskovitz, Ian W. Murphy, Naomi Murdoch, Shantanu P. Naidu, Hari Nair, Michael C. Nolan, Jens Ormoe, Maurizio Pajola, Eric E. Palmer, James M. Peachey, Petr Pravec, Sabina D. Raducan, K. T. Ramesh, Joshua R. Ramirez, Edward L. Reynolds, Joshua E. Richman, Colas Q. Robin, Luis M. Rodriguez, Lew M. Roufberg, Brian P. Rush, Carolyn A. Sawyer, Daniel J. Scheeres, Petr Scheirich, Stephen R. Schwartz, Matthew P. Shannon, Brett N. Shapiro, Caitlin E. Shearer, Evan J. Smith, R. Joshua Steele, Jordan K. Steckloff, Angela M. Stickle, Jessica M. Sunshine, Emil A. Superfin, Zahi B. Tarzi, Cristina A. Thomas, Justin R. Thomas, Josep M. Trigo-Rodriguez, B. Teresa Tropf, Andrew T. Vaughan, Dianna Velez, C. Dany Waller, Daniel S. Wilson, Kristin A. Wortman, Yun Zhang
Summary: Although no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the current catalogue of near-Earth asteroids is not comprehensive enough to include those that could cause regional devastation. Various methods, such as kinetic impact, have been proposed to prevent asteroid impacts on Earth. NASA's DART mission successfully demonstrated the viability of kinetic impactor technology through its autonomous collision with the asteroid Dimorphos.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
B. E. Clark, A. Sen, X. -D. Zou, D. N. DellaGiustina, S. Sugita, N. Sakatani, M. Thompson, D. Trang, E. Tatsumi, M. A. Barucci, M. Barker, H. Campins, T. Morota, C. Lantz, A. R. Hendrix, F. Vilas, L. Keller, V. E. Hamilton, K. Kitazato, S. Sasaki, M. Matsuoka, T. Nakamura, A. Praet, S. M. Ferrone, T. Hiroi, H. H. Kaplan, W. F. Bottke, J. -Y. Li, L. Le Corre, J. L. Molaro, R. -L. Ballouz, C. W. Hergenrother, B. Rizk, K. N. Burke, C. A. Bennett, D. R. Golish, E. S. Howell, K. Becker, A. J. Ryan, J. P. Emery, S. Fornasier, A. A. Simon, D. C. Reuter, L. F. Lim, G. Poggiali, P. Michel, M. Delbo, O. S. Barnouin, E. R. Jawin, M. Pajola, L. Riu, T. Okada, J. D. P. Deshapriya, J. R. Brucato, R. P. Binzel, D. S. Lauretta
Summary: This paper summarizes the evidence for the optical effects of space weathering and the properties of the surface on asteroid (101955) Bennu. The nature of space weathering on Bennu is explored through recent spacecraft imaging and spectroscopy observations. The working hypothesis suggests that optical effects depend on the hydration level of the substrate and subsequent variations in color depend on surface processes and exposure age.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alice Lucchetti, Cristina Dalle Ore, Maurizio Pajola, Riccardo Pozzobon, Costanza Rossi, Valentina Galluzzi, Luca Penasa, Katrin Stephan, Giovanni Munaretto, Gabriele Cremonese, Matteo Massironi, Pasquale Palumbo
Summary: In this study, we analyzed the Melkart impact crater on Ganymede, which is a 103 km crater located at the boundary between the light and dark terrains. Our analysis involved creating a geological map, investigating the deformation, and studying the composition of the crater. We found that the dome of Melkart experienced strike-slip deformation with subtle strain, suggesting a gradual transition between the geological units.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Giovanni Zanotti, Michele Ceresoli, Michele Lavagna
Summary: This paper analyzes the feasibility and performance of using one-way ranging signals from a Lunar Navigation Service (LNS) for state estimation of a lunar lander. A small-sized optimized navigation constellation is proposed as the main source of measurements, and two control tuning cases targeting high performance and low propellant mass are presented. The results show that the low fuel expenditure case is not only more robust against uncertainty but also achieves higher success rates.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andrew S. Rivkin, Cristina A. Thomas, Ian Wong, Benjamin Rozitis, Julia de Leon, Bryan Holler, Stefanie N. Milam, Ellen S. Howell, Heidi B. Hammel, Anicia Arredondo, John R. Brucato, Elena M. Epifani, Simone Ieva, Fiorangela La Forgia, Michael P. Lucas, Alice Lucchetti, Maurizio Pajola, Giovanni Poggiali, Jessica N. Sunshine, Josep M. Trigo-Rodriguez
Summary: The Didymos binary asteroid, studied through the DART mission, is classified as an S-type asteroid with LL chondrite composition. Its thermal properties and emission spectrum are consistent with those of S-complex asteroids, making it a good proxy for ordinary chondrite asteroids and potential future impactors.
PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2023)