Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Oleg I. Vinogradov, Tatyana K. Ogarkova, Kamila V. Shamtieva, Pavel V. Alexandrov, Astanda V. Mushba, Daria S. Kanshina, Daria V. Yakovleva, Maria A. Surma, Ilia S. Nikolaev, Nadezhda Kh. Gorst
Summary: This study aimed to identify early markers of acute encephalopathy associated with COVID-19, and found a significant relationship between encephalopathy, lung tissue damage severity, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, D-dimer, LDH, and lymphopenia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daniel Antoniello, Mark J. Milstein, Joseph Dardick, Jenelys Fernandez-Torres, Jenny Lu, Nikunj Patel, Charles Esenwa
Summary: In patients with COVID-19, altered mental status on arrival to the emergency department is most commonly caused by metabolic encephalopathy, with seizures and cerebrovascular events contributing to a lesser extent; encephalitis appears to be rare.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan H. Barouch
Summary: This article reviews the protective effects of vaccination and prior infection on severe Covid-19, and proposes future research directions.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qin Liu, Qi Su, Fen Zhang, Hein M. Tun, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Susanna So Shan Ng, Jessica Y. L. Ching, Amy Li, Wenqi Lu, Chenyu Liu, Chun Pan Cheung, David S. C. Hui, Paul K. S. Chan, Francis Ka Leung Chan, Siew C. Ng
Summary: By integrating clinical features and multi-omics data, the authors identified specific gut microbiome patterns associated with disease severity and development of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. These findings highlight the potential utility of host phenotype and multi-kingdom microbiota profiling as a prognostic tool for patients with COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Raymond A. Geherty, Matthew A. Sparks
Summary: The study demonstrated the central importance of glycosylation to uromodulin function, and highlighted the impact of post-translational modification on its function. Through both in vitro and clinical analyses, the researchers observed the binding of uromodulin to UPEC, and identified D-mannose as a competitive inhibitor for this interaction.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Rustom Antia, M. Elizabeth Halloran
Summary: The article discusses the basic concepts underlying the transition from an epidemic to an endemic state, as well as the implications of this transition for COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carolina Bologna, Pasquale Madonna, Eduardo Pone
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 pneumonia patients treated with prolonged-release melatonin 2 mg had a shorter duration of non-invasive ventilation, shorter stay in sub-intensive care, and lower incidence of delirium compared to untreated patients. These results suggest potential benefits of prolonged-release melatonin 2 mg therapy in COVID-19 treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marcia C. Castro, Sun Kim, Lorena Barberia, Ana Freitas Ribeiro, Susie Gurzenda, Karina Braga Ribeiro, Erin Abbott, Jeffrey Blossom, Beatriz Rache, Burton H. Singer
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 in Brazil is spreading rapidly across municipalities with distinct spatial and temporal patterns of clustering, trajectories, and speed. Analysis shows that inadequate policy measures have led to high transmission and mortality burdens. The current surge in cases and deaths, along with the circulation of concerning variants, highlights the need for government to strengthen prevention and control measures.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Erin F. Balcom, Avindra Nath, Christopher Power
Summary: COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to acute and chronic disorders affecting the nervous system. Acute neurological symptoms include stroke, seizures, and cognitive dysfunction, while chronic neurological sequelae such as exercise intolerance and pain are reported. Various studies suggest potential mechanisms of viral neuroinvasion, but further research is needed to understand the underlying pathogenic processes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Chen, Ajay Nirula, Barry Heller, Robert L. Gottlieb, Joseph Boscia, Jason Morris, Gregory Huhn, Jose Cardona, Bharat Mocherla, Valentina Stosor, Imad Shawa, Andrew C. Adams, Jacob Van Naarden, Kenneth L. Custer, Lei Shen, Michael Durante, Gerard Oakley, Andrew E. Schade, Janelle Sabo, Dipak R. Patel, Paul Klekotka, Daniel M. Skovronsky
Summary: LY-CoV555, a neutralizing antibody, showed promising results in reducing viral load, improving symptoms, and lowering the risk of hospitalization among patients with mild or moderate Covid-19. While one of the doses appeared to accelerate the decline in viral load, others did not show significant effects by day 11.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Constantinos Kurt Wibmer, Frances Ayres, Tandile Hermanus, Mashudu Madzivhandila, Prudence Kgagudi, Brent Oosthuysen, Bronwen E. Lambson, Tulio de Oliveira, Marion Vermeulen, Karin van der Berg, Theresa Rossouw, Michael Boswell, Veronica Ueckermann, Susan Meiring, Anne von Gottberg, Cheryl Cohen, Lynn Morris, Jinal N. Bhiman, Penny L. Moore
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus in the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa can evade neutralization by most antibodies when expressed, but does not affect binding by convalescent plasma. This suggests the potential for reinfection with antigenically distinct variants and predicts reduced efficacy of spike-based vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emanuele Andreano, Ida Paciello, Silvia Marchese, Lorena Donnici, Giulio Pierleoni, Giulia Piccini, Noemi Manganaro, Elisa Pantano, Valentina Abbiento, Piero Pileri, Linda Benincasa, Ginevra Giglioli, Margherita Leonardi, Piet Maes, Concetta De Santi, Claudia Sala, Emanuele Montomoli, Raffaele De Francesco, Rino Rappuoli
Summary: In this study, Andreano and Paciello et al. provide insights into the functional and genetic characteristics of the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 cross-protective antibody response. Their findings reveal that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can induce neutralizing antibodies that cross-neutralize the Omicron variants and SARS-CoV-1 virus.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hale Yapici-Eser, Yunus Emre Koroglu, Ozgur Oztop-Cakmak, Ozlem Keskin, Attila Gursoy, Yasemin Gursoy-Ozdemir
Summary: A computational analysis was conducted to investigate the molecular pathways of COVID-19 associated neuropsychiatric symptoms, revealing potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human proteins that could lead to delirium, psychosis, seizures, and other symptoms. Further in vivo and in vitro studies using the identified proteins may offer new targets for managing neuropsychiatric presentations.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sazada Siddiqui, Heba Waheeb Saeed Alhamdi, Huda Ahmed Alghamdi
Summary: COVID-19 is highly contagious and has caused major disruptions around the world. Prevention is crucial through measures such as self-isolation and vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
William R. Morgenlander, Stephanie N. Henson, Daniel R. Monaco, Athena Chen, Kirsten Littlefield, Evan M. Bloch, Eric Fujimura, Ingo Ruczinski, Andrew R. Crowley, Harini Natarajan, Savannah E. Butler, Joshua A. Weiner, Mamie Z. Li, Tania S. Bonny, Sarah E. Benner, Ashwin Balagopal, David Sullivan, Shmuel Shoham, Thomas C. Quinn, Susan H. Eshleman, Arturo Casadevall, Andrew D. Redd, Oliver Laeyendecker, Margaret E. Ackerman, Andrew Pekosz, Stephen J. Elledge, Matthew Robinson, Aaron A. R. Tobian, H. Benjamin Larman
Summary: This study found strong correlation between the functionality of COVID-19 convalescent plasma and polyclonal antibody targeting of specific peptides in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Antibody responses to specific coronaviruses correlated with the development of highly neutralizing antibodies against CoV-2. Plasma donations reactive to the CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain had higher neutralizing titers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yosef Dastagirzada, Carolina Benjamin, Julia Bevilacqua, Jason Gurewitz, Chandra Sen, John G. Golfinos, Dimitris Placantonakis, Jafar J. Jafar, Seth Lieberman, Rich Lebowitz, Ariane Lewis, Donato Pacione
Summary: This study aims to determine whether discontinuing postoperative prophylactic antibiotics in endoscopic endonasal surgery leads to a difference in central nervous system infections, multi-drug resistant organism infections, or other postoperative infections. The study found that discontinuing postoperative antibiotics did not increase the risk of central nervous system infections. Therefore, it is safe to discontinue antibiotics after endoscopic endonasal surgery.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY PART B-SKULL BASE
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Elizabeth Kitamura, Ariane Lewis
Summary: This study analyzed the comments made by hospital chaplains about brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC). The results identified four themes: definition of life and death, respect with a subtheme of physician obligation, collaboration with a subtheme of communication, and education with a subtheme of skepticism. The findings suggest that hospital chaplains are essential in the evaluation of BD/DNC, aiming to ensure a respectful, collaborative, and educational interaction between families and the interdisciplinary team at the boundary of life and death.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE CHAPLAINCY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elizabeth Carroll, Julie Giles, Ariane Lewis
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the understanding of surrogate comprehension of education provided by the neuro-science healthcare team. The results showed a discrepancy between surrogate understanding of a patient's clinical condition and how the neuroscience team perceived their comprehension. This highlights the need to improve communication with surrogates of patients with neurological conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Ariane Lewis
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steven E. Galetta, Aravind Ganesh, Ariane Lewis, James E. Siegler III
Summary: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, a study in New York City found that 87% of severe COVID-19 survivors suffer from ongoing cognitive, psychiatric, or functional disability 12 months after hospitalization. Neuroimaging data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with structural brain changes, including a reduction in gray matter volume, which may explain some of the lasting cognitive symptoms. The effects of hypoxemia and the inflammatory sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are highlighted as mediators of chronic brain dysfunction.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steven Galetta, Aravind Ganesh, Ariane Lewis, James E. Siegler
Summary: The research suggests that comorbid diabetes and hypertension is associated with more brain structural disruptions compared to hypertension alone. However, the relationship may vary across different cohorts due to social determinants of health.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Summary: In the article "Teaching Video NeuroImage: Bilateral Hemifacial Spasm in Giant Cell Arteritis," Sechi et al. presented a video of a patient with giant cell arteritis who had bilateral hemifacial spasm. They believed the contractions were caused by facial nerve irritation. However, Cornblath and Eggenberger suggested that the simultaneous and bilateral contractions of the orbicularis and frontalis muscles appeared to be centrally mediated and could be related to an epileptic phenomenon associated with supratentorial infarcts. Sechi et al. provided evidence to support their initial explanation, including the patient's asymmetric cheek movements, involvement of upper facial muscles, improvement with steroids, normal EEG, and absence of recurrence.
Article
Anesthesiology
Sam D. Shemie, Lindsay C. Wilson, Laura Hornby, John Basmaji, Andrew J. Baker, Cecile M. Bensimon, Jennifer A. Chandler, Michael Chasse, Rosanne Dawson, Sonny Dhanani, Owen T. Mooney, Aimee J. Sarti, Christy Simpson, Jeanne Teitelbaum, Sylvia Torrance, J. Gordon Boyd, Joanne Brennan, Heather Brewster, Robert Carignan, Kirk J. Dawe, Christopher J. Doig, Kennedy Elliott-Pohl, Teneille E. Gofton, Michael Hartwick, Andrew Healey, Kimia Honarmand, Karen Hornby, George Isac, Aly Kanji, Joann Kawchuk, Jennifer A. Klowak, Andreas H. Kramer, Julie Kromm, Allana E. LeBlanc, Katarina Lee-Ameduri, Laurie A. Lee, Murdoch Leeies, Ariane Lewis, Alex Manara, Shauna Matheson, Nicole K. A. McKinnon, Nicholas Murphy, Joel Neves Briard, Thaddeus M. Pope, Mypinder S. Sekhon, Jai Jai S. Shanker, Gurmeet Singh, Jeffrey Singh, Marat Slessarev, Karim Soliman, Stephanie Sutherland, Matthew J. Weiss, Randi Zlotnik Shaul, Lionel S. Zuckier, David J. Zorko, Bram Rochwerg
Summary: This 2023 Clinical Practice Guideline provides the biomedical definition of death based on permanent cessation of brain function and recommends death determination methods for potential organ donors based on circulatory criteria and for all mechanically ventilated patients based on neurologic criteria, regardless of organ donation potential. This Guideline is endorsed by various medical associations and organizations in Canada.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Steven Galetta, Aravind Ganesh, Ariane Lewis, James E. Siegler III
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Summary: In the study, Briard et al. found that the prevalence of infratentorial brain injury among patients suspected of death by neurologic criteria (DNC) was 2%-16%, and isolated brainstem death was 1%-4% based on a review of 21 studies. Machado pointed out that patients with infratentorial brain injury originally diagnosed with isolated brainstem death later progressed to whole-brain death. He also mentioned the case of Jahi McMath, who was declared dead by neurologic criteria after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but had a lesion in her pons and did not meet the criteria for brain death. Briard and Chasse did not comment on this case but agreed with Machado that further research is needed for the determination of DNC in patients with infratentorial brain injury.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta
Summary: In patients with B-Cell lymphoma treated with CAR T-cell therapy, 11 out of 19 patients developed acute neurotoxicity, but none of them showed changes in cognitive performance or MRI results 2 years post-treatment. However, other studies have demonstrated long-term visuospatial, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms after CAR T-cell therapy, highlighting the need for further research with larger sample sizes.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Kazuo Abe
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Ariane Lewis, Steven Galetta