A four-qubit germanium quantum processor

The prospect of building quantum circuits(1,2) using advanced semiconductor manufacturing makes quantum dots an attractive platform for quantum information processing(3,4). Extensive studies of various materials have led to demonstrations of two-qubit logic in gallium arsenide(5), silicon(6-12) and germanium(13). However, interconnecting larger numbers of qubits in semiconductor devices has remained a challenge. Here we demonstrate a four-qubit quantum processor based on hole spins in germanium quantum dots. Furthermore, we define the quantum dots in a two-by-two array and obtain controllable coupling along both directions. Qubit logic is implemented all-electrically and the exchange interaction can be pulsed to freely program one-qubit, two-qubit, three-qubit and four-qubit operations, resulting in a compact and highly connected circuit. We execute a quantum logic circuit that generates a four-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and we obtain coherent evolution by incorporating dynamical decoupling. These results are a step towards quantum error correction and quantum simulation using quantum dots.

Automated summary

Research on building quantum circuits using advanced semiconductor manufacturing techniques has led to the demonstration of a four-qubit quantum processor based on hole spins in germanium quantum dots. All-electric qubit logic allows for freely programmable operations on multiple qubits, resulting in a compact and highly connected circuit. The results are a step towards quantum error correction and quantum simulation using quantum dots.