Review
Clinical Neurology
Sebastian Lucas
Summary: In the 1980s, HIV encephalitis, a severe irreversible dementia syndrome, was identified in infected individuals' brains. Later studies found morphological abnormalities in cerebral neurons and their connections. With the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapies, the incidence of severe HIV-related dementia decreased, shifting the focus to neuroimaging, fluid analysis, viral subtype analysis, and biomarker research. Tissue neuropathology is now mainly used for diagnosing acute diseases and confirming specific encephalitis syndromes, but will still be important for future therapeutic measures against chronic HIV brain impairment.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Maura Malpetti, Sanne S. Kaalund, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Timothy Rittman, Mayen Briggs, Kieren S. J. Allinson, Luca Passamonti, Negin Holland, P. Simon Jones, Tim D. Fryer, Young T. Hong, Antonina Kouli, W. Richard Bevan-Jones, Elijah Mak, George Savulich, Maria Grazia Spillantini, Franklin Aigbirhio, Caroline H. Williams-Gray, John T. O'Brien, James B. Rowe
Summary: The study found that F-18-flortaucipir PET does not correspond to neuropathologic staging in PSP. The analytic approach seeking to mirror in vivo neuropathology staging with PET-to-autopsy correlational analyses might enable in vivo staging with next-generation tau PET tracers; however, further evidence and comparisons with postmortem data are needed.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Minjae Kim, Sang Joon Kim, Ji Eun Park, Jessica Yun, Woo Hyun Shim, Jungsu S. Oh, Minyoung Oh, Jee Hoon Roh, Sang Won Seo, Seung Jun Oh, Jae Seung Kim
Summary: Combining automated brain volumetry on MRI and quantitative measurement of tau deposition on [18F] THK-5351 PET can improve the discrimination of Alzheimer's disease spectrum, showing better performance in differentiating AD from healthy controls compared to tau PET alone. The combination of MRI and PET imaging provides a more comprehensive approach for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Erin E. Sundermann, Laura M. Campbell, Olivia Villers, Mark W. Bondi, Ben Gouaux, David P. Salmon, Douglas Galasko, Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, Ronald J. Ellis, David J. Moore
Summary: We examined the prevalence of AD pathological hallmarks in HIV-infected individuals and found that AD pathology was less prevalent and less severe in HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals. AD pathology was most consistently related to memory-related domains in HIV-positive individuals. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of HIV status on AD pathology.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yilin Tang, Ling Li, Tianyu Hu, Fangyang Jiao, Linlin Han, Shiyu Li, Zhiheng Xu, Yun Fan, Yimin Sun, Fengtao Liu, Tzu-Chen Yen, Chuantao Zuo, Jian Wang
Summary: This study describes the results of F-18-florzolotau PET/CT imaging in patients with PDD. The findings showed significantly increased uptake of F-18-florzolotau in the cortical regions of PDD patients, especially in the temporal lobe. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between F-18-florzolotau uptake in the occipital lobe and cognitive impairment.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David Aguillon, Stephanie Langella, Yinghua Chen, Justin S. Sanchez, Yi Su, Clara Vila-Castelar, Daniel Vasquez, Henrik Zetterberg, Oskar Hansson, Jeffrey L. Dage, Shorena Janelidze, Kewei Chen, Joshua T. Fox-Fuller, Paula Aduen, Jairo E. Martinez, Gloria Garcia, Ana Baena, Claudia Guzman, Keith A. Johnson, Reisa A. Sperling, Kaj Blennow, Eric M. Reiman, Francisco Lopera, Yakeel T. Quiroz
Summary: Plasma p-tau217 is a potential predictor of subsequent cognition and pathology in Alzheimer's disease. The study found that carriers of the presenilin-1 E280A gene mutation had higher levels of plasma p-tau217, which was associated with greater amyloid and tau PET pathology burden as well as worse memory performance.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryota Kobayashi, Tadaho Nakamura, Fumito Naganuma, Ryuichi Harada, Daichi Morioka, Masafumi Kanoto, Shozo Furumoto, Yukitsuka Kudo, Takanobu Kabasawa, Koichi Otani, Mitsuru Futakuchi, Shinobu Kawakatsu, Nobuyuki Okamura
Summary: Quantification of in vivo reactive astrogliosis using [F-18]THK-5351 PET was performed to evaluate patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The study validated the imaging-pathology correlation by comparing the PET results with the autopsy brain, demonstrating that reactive astrogliosis can be identified and quantified using in vivo MAO-B imaging.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Chunmei Lu, Xiuting Wang, Qiqi Wang, Lixia Zhang, Jianguo Lin, Ling Qiu
Summary: Legumain is overexpressed in several cancers and serves as an important biomarker for cancer diagnosis. In this study, a novel radioactive tracer [F-18]SF-AAN was designed and synthesized for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, targeting legumain. The tracer showed specificity in detecting legumain activity in vitro and in vivo, making it a promising tool for the diagnosis of legumain-related diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Helwig, Ayse Ulusoy, Angela Rollar, Sinead A. O'Sullivan, Shirley S. L. Lee, Helia Aboutalebi, Rita Pinto-Costa, Benjamin Jevans, Michael Klinkenberg, Donato A. Di Monte
Summary: This study revealed the influence of neuronal activity on the transfer of alpha-synuclein, with hyperactivity enhancing protein transfer and hypoactivity attenuating it. High neuronal activity exacerbated oxidative and nitrative reactions, leading to nitration of alpha-synuclein and increased protein aggregation. Mitochondria were identified as key targets and potential sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within hyperactive neurons.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Denise Visser, Sander C. J. Verfaillie, Emma E. Wolters, Emma M. Coomans, Tessa Timmers, Hayel Tuncel, Ronald Boellaard, Sandeep S. V. Golla, Albert D. Windhorst, Philip Scheltens, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Bart N. M. van Berckel, Rik Ossenkoppele
Summary: Compared to LOAD, EOAD patients exhibit higher tau pathology levels but lower relative cerebral blood flow values, particularly in the medial temporal regions. The associations between lateral temporal and occipitoparietal tau pathology and relative cerebral blood flow with cognitive impairment are stronger in EOAD than in LOAD, suggesting different mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in the two subtypes of Alzheimer's disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manor Askenazi, Tomas Kavanagh, Geoffrey Pires, Beatrix Ueberheide, Thomas Wisniewski, Eleanor Drummond
Summary: The authors compiled a comprehensive database of protein changes in human Alzheimer's disease brain tissue, including different brain regions, disease stages, and specific protein accumulations. They identified 848 consistently altered proteins and found differential protein changes between early-stage and advanced Alzheimer's disease. The resource provides valuable insights into Alzheimer's disease mechanisms and suggests potential therapeutic targets.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xuefeng Yan, Fabrice G. Simeon, Jeih-San Liow, Cheryl L. Morse, Jose A. Montero Santamaria, Madeline Jenkins, Lester S. Manly, Maia Van Buskirk, Sami S. Zoghbi, Victor W. Pike, Robert B. Innis, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
Summary: This study assessed the ability of [F-18]SF51 to quantify TSPO in rhesus monkey brain. The results demonstrate that [F-18]SF51 is an excellent radioligand that can quantify TSPO with a good ratio of specific to nondisplaceable uptake and has minimal radiometabolite accumulation in brain. These findings suggest that [F-18]SF51 should be further evaluated in humans.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata M. Michalowska, Karl Herholz, Rainer Hinz, Chinenye Amadi, Lynn McInnes, Jose M. Anton-Rodriguez, Thomas K. Karikari, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Nicholas J. Ashton, Neil Pendleton, Stephen F. Carter
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of amyloid-beta (A ss) and evaluated different in vivo amyloid-PET staging schemes in elderly individuals. The findings suggest that early amyloid stages cannot be consistently classified and that the majority of the cohort had pathological A ss. The study highlights the need to determine what constitutes abnormal brain A ss in the oldest-old and the best method to determine that.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Liping Fu, Jinming Zhang, Kaixiang Zhou, Xiaojun Zhang, Hengge Xie, Mingwei Zhu, Mengchao Cui, Ruimin Wang
Summary: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a new tracer, [F-18]-S16, in distinguishing patients with AD from HCs. The results show that [F-18]-S16 exhibits increased cortical uptake in AD patients, suggesting its potential for in vivo detection of tau protein.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chia-Chen Liu, Na Wang, Yuanxin Chen, Yasuteru Inoue, Francis Shue, Yingxue Ren, Minghui Wang, Wenhui Qiao, Tadafumi C. Ikezu, Zonghua Li, Jing Zhao, Yuka Martens, Sydney V. Doss, Cassandra L. Rosenberg, Suren Jeevaratnam, Lin Jia, Ana-Caroline Raulin, Fangfang Qi, Yiyang Zhu, Alla Alnobani, Joshua Knight, Yixing Chen, Cynthia Linares, Aishe Kurti, John D. Fryer, Bin Zhang, Long-Jun Wu, Betty Y. S. Kim, Guojun Bu
Summary: Microglial activation and function mediated by apoE3 improves cognitive function, reduces amyloid pathology and associated toxicity, while apoE4 has the opposite effect. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals that apoE3 expression increases antigen presentation and interferon pathways, while apoE4 downregulates complement and lysosomal pathways and promotes stress-related responses.
Letter
Oncology
Akshat Malik, Smriti Panda, Pirabu Sakthivel
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Rakesh Kumar, Vimal Kumar Pathak
Summary: The present study aims to develop an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to find a relationship between loading parameters and bone remodelling rate. The results indicate that the ANFIS model outperformed other models in predicting the mineral apposition rate (MAR) at periosteal and endosteal surfaces. This study provides a way to accurately predict site-specific osteogenesis based on the loading parameters.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sushil Kumar Saroj, Rakesh Kumar, Nagendra Pratap Singh
Summary: This study proposes a new method for the enhancement and segmentation of retinal vessels, which achieves better performance compared to existing methods by using the Multiscale switching morphological operator and a new matched filter based on the Wald probability distribution function.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-IMAGING AND VISUALIZATION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shekhar Kunal, Pranav Ish, Pirabu Sakthivel, Nipun Malhotra, Kashish Gupta
Summary: MIS-A is a newly identified disease, predominantly affecting males with common symptoms of fever and skin rash. Cardiovascular system involvement is frequent, and treatment typically includes steroids and immunoglobulins. The average hospital stay is 11.67 days with a mortality rate of 5.1% during hospitalization.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ashif Perwez, Rakesh Kumar, Abhishek Bhushan
Summary: This study investigated the thermal performance of inclined elliptical dimpled plates through experimental and numerical analysis. It was found that staggered and inline patterns of the dimples have different effects on flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics.
NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sudharani Panda, Rakesh Kumar
Summary: The thermal and flow characteristics of a dimple imprinted absorber plate solar air-heater were investigated numerically in this study. The results showed that the dimpled surface demonstrated a significant improvement in heat transfer and friction characteristics compared to the smooth surface.
NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Esha Baidya Kayal, Jayendra Tiru Alampally, Raju Sharma, Sameer Bakhshi, Amit Mehndiratta, Rakesh Kumar, S. H. Chandrashekhara, Manisha Jana, Ashu Seith Bhalla, Mehar Chand Sharma, Asit Ranjan Mridha, Sreenivas Vishnubhatla, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy
Summary: This study assessed the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early evaluation of chemotherapeutic response in Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). The results suggest that baseline nADC and its change after the first cycle of chemotherapy can serve as reliable markers for early chemotherapeutic response in ESFT patients.
Article
Telecommunications
Sweta Singh, Rakesh Kumar
Summary: This paper introduces a method for optimizing energy efficiency and resource utilization in the field of cloud computing. By utilizing the proposed MAMFO algorithm and DT-ESAR method, workflow planning and VM consolidation can be effectively performed, improving the energy efficiency and time efficiency of the system. Experimental results show significant improvements compared to existing methods.
WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Suresh Mani, Rajeev Kumar, Aanchal Kakkar, Adarsh Barwad, Kondamudi Dheeraj, Prem Sagar, Rakesh Kumar
Summary: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cutaneous sarcoma with low metastatic potential but high local recurrence rate. Surgical excision with adequate margins is the preferred treatment, with possible adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. This retrospective analysis of head and neck DFSP cases revealed that incomplete excision margins may increase the risk of recurrence.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Konthoujam Shaphaba, Alok Thakar, Pirabu Sakthivel, Kapil Sikka, Chirom Amit Singh, Rajeev Kumar, Ashwin Chandran, Ravinder Goswami
Summary: This study aims to assess the efficacy of surgical magnification and intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) assisted near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) in improving parathyroid identification and viability assessment during thyroidectomy. The results of the study show that both surgical magnification and ICG-NIRF can effectively identify and preserve parathyroid glands, indicating their routine adoption in thyroidectomy.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2023)
Article
Optics
Rakesh Ranjan Kumar, Lars Nielsen, Nicolas Volet, Martijn J. R. Heck
Summary: We present a study on the intra-cavity coherent combining of two DBR lasers on an InP platform, achieving a combining efficiency of 84%. The combined DBR lasers exhibit an on-chip power of 9.5 mW at an injection current of 42 mA in both gain sections simultaneously. This monolithic approach enables the operation of compact and high-power lasers in a single-mode regime with a side-mode suppression ratio of 38 dB, providing a promising direction for integrated photonic technologies.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Prerna Gupta, Rekha Garg Solanki, Pushpanjali Patel, K. M. Sujata, Rakesh Kumar, Abhay Pandit
Summary: Microorganisms can cause health issues, but semiconductor nanostructures have potential for antimicrobial properties. This study synthesized ZnSe nanostructures using a green coprecipitation method and annealed them at different temperatures. The samples were analyzed for structural, morphological, optical, and antibacterial properties. The results showed that the annealing process enhanced the photoluminescence and antimicrobial activities of ZnSe nanostructures, making them suitable for blue LEDs and lasers for medical applications. The as-synthesized and annealed ZnSe nanostructures were found to be effective against microbial growth, indicating their potential for developing new drugs against bacterial infections.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Rakesh Kumar, Satish Kumar
Summary: This article discusses the distance and similarity measures as two interrelated information measures that can effectively quantify the deviation and similarity between pairs of objects. It proposes a novel similarity measure that overcomes the limitations of existing measures and analyzes its characteristics through numerical experiments. Furthermore, it develops an algorithm for pattern recognition and examines the efficiency of the suggested measure in clustering analysis and decision-making.
GRANULAR COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Avinash Shekhar Jaiswal, Rajeev Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Arvind Kumar Kairo, Sarath Raveendran, Prem Sagar
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the clinico-demographical profile and outcomes of cochlear implantation in adult patients with post-lingual hearing loss in a tertiary care hospital in north India. The study included 21 patients, with a mean age of 38.6 years and a male-to-female ratio of 15:6. The major cause of deafness was infections, and the complication rate was 4.8%. The mean postoperative speech intelligibility score was 74%, and there were no device malfunctions in the average follow-up of 44 months. Cochlear implantation is a safe and effective surgical intervention for post-lingually deafened adults, with infections being the major cause of deafness.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND HEAD & NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Amit Kumar Gautam, Rakesh Kumar
Summary: Internet integrating sensor network has experienced significant growth and is widely used in various critical sectors. This paper proposes a secure identity assignment method to defend against ID based attacks by assigning overlay ID to new nodes with the help of existing nodes. The complexity and communication overhead analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method, which reduces message transfer by 33.33% and computation cost by approximately 70% compared to the existing approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERNET PROTOCOL TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
