Review
Microbiology
Amy D. Proal, Michael B. VanElzakker
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to a pandemic of COVID-19, with some patients developing persistent symptoms known as Long COVID or PASC. These patients may have different underlying biological factors driving their symptoms, such as organ damage, persistent viral reservoirs, re-activation of pathogens, and immune dysregulation. Therapeutic approaches may need to be individualized to effectively manage care for specific patients with PASC.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Qing Lei, Yang Li, Hong-yan Hou, Feng Wang, Zhu-qing Ouyang, Yandi Zhang, Dan-yun Lai, Jo-Lewis Banga Ndzouboukou, Zhao-wei Xu, Bo Zhang, Hong Chen, Jun-biao Xue, Xiao-song Lin, Yun-xiao Zheng, Zong-jie Yao, Xue-ning Wang, Cai-zheng Yu, He-wei Jiang, Hai-nan Zhang, Huan Qi, Shu-juan Guo, Sheng-hai Huang, Zi-yong Sun, Sheng-ce Tao, Xiong-lin Fan
Summary: The study found that combining nucleic acid testing with serological testing significantly increases the detection sensitivity of asymptomatic infections. Asymptomatic individuals mainly produce IgM and IgG antibodies against S1 and N proteins, with S1-specific IgM antibodies potentially serving as early diagnostic biomarkers. Some asymptomatic individuals do not produce neutralizing antibodies, and these antibodies gradually disappear within two months.
Article
Pediatrics
Ieva Roge, Liene Smane, Anda Kivite-Urtane, Zanda Pucuka, Iveta Racko, Lizete Klavina, Jana Pavare
Summary: The study found that almost three-quarters of children reported at least one persistent symptom at the time of the interview, with the majority of patients (53%) having two or more concurrent symptoms. The inclusion of a comparison group allowed the researchers to identify that symptom persistence is more apparent with COVID-19 than any other non-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further research is needed to distinguish the symptoms of long COVID from pandemic-associated complaints. Each persistent symptom is important in terms of child well-being during COVID-19 recovery.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Biology
Zahra Shabani, Jialing Liu, Hua Su
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory system but can also cause neurological symptoms and cognitive difficulties. These complications can last for months after infection, disrupting daily life. This review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and how it leads to cognitive impairment.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Niranjan G. Kotla, Raghvendra A. Bohara, Yury Rochev, Thomas J. Webster, Jagadeesh Bayry
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic with significant mortality rates due to pulmonary pathology. Nanomedicine shows promise as a potential strategy in treating COVID-19.
Article
Microbiology
Christina M. Kackos, Sherri L. Surman, Bart G. Jones, Robert E. Sealy, Trushar Jeevan, Christopher J. H. Davitt, Sergei Pustylnikov, Tamarand L. Darling, Adrianus C. M. Boon, Julia L. Hurwitz, Marcelo M. Samsa, Richard J. Webby
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 continues to disrupt everyday life and cause excess morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination has been key to quelling the impact of this respiratory pathogen, and mRNA vaccines have led the charge on this front. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has threatened vaccine efficacy, but the mRNA vaccines developed by GreenLight Biosciences have shown robust protective efficacy against the wild-type virus and its variants.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wen Yi Chia, Hanz Kok, Kit Wayne Chew, Sze Shin Low, Pau Loke Show
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of deaths globally, and algae have the potential to combat the virus with their anti-inflammatory compounds and production of value-added products to mitigate health risks. Their characteristics provide insights on developing microalgae to fight against SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jakob Ankerhold, Sebastian Giese, Philipp Kolb, Andrea Maul-Pavicic, Reinhard E. Voll, Nathalie Goppert, Kevin Ciminski, Clemens Kreutz, Achim Lother, Ulrich Salzer, Wolfgang Bildl, Tim Welsink, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Andrea Busse Grawitz, Florian Emmerich, Daniel Steinmann, Daniela Huzly, Martin Schwemmle, Hartmut Hengel, Valeria Falcone
Summary: Severe or critical COVID-19 patients exhibit dysregulated immune response with high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. Excessive activation of FcγRIIIA/CD16A is observed in these patients, and two independent ligands are identified as the mediators of extreme activation. Soluble circulating IgG immune complexes (sICs), similar to those found in systemic lupus erythematosus, are detected in about 80% of severe and critical COVID-19 patients.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erin M. Bange, Nicholas A. Han, Paul Wileyto, Justin Y. Kim, Sigrid Gouma, James Robinson, Allison R. Greenplate, Madeline A. Hwee, Florence Porterfield, Olutosin Owoyemi, Karan Naik, Cathy Zheng, Michael Galantino, Ariel R. Weisman, Caroline A. G. Ittner, Emily M. Kugler, Amy E. Baxter, Olutwatosin Oniyide, Roseline S. Agyekum, Thomas G. Dunn, Tiffanie K. Jones, Heather M. Giannini, Madison E. Weirick, Christopher M. McAllister, N. Esther Babady, Anita Kumar, Adam J. Widman, Susan DeWolf, Sawsan R. Boutemine, Charlotte Roberts, Krista R. Budzik, Susan Tollett, Carla Wright, Tara Perloff, Lova Sun, Divij Mathew, Josephine R. Giles, Derek A. Oldridge, Jennifer E. Wu, Cecile Alanio, Sharon Adamski, Alfred L. Garfall, Laura A. Vella, Samuel J. Kerr, Justine Cohen, Randall A. Oyer, Ryan Massa, Ivan P. Maillard, Kara N. Maxwell, John P. Reilly, Peter G. Maslak, Robert H. Vonderheide, Jedd D. Wolchok, Scott E. Hensley, E. John Wherry, Nuala J. Meyer, Angela M. DeMichele, Santosha A. Vardhana, Ronac Mamtani, Alexander C. Huang
Summary: In patients with cancer and COVID-19, those with hematologic cancer show impaired immune responses compared to solid cancer patients. CD8 T cells play a crucial role in survival, even in the presence of limited humoral responses. The presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in hematologic cancer patients suggests a potential therapeutic target.
Article
Immunology
Remy Pasco, Kaitlyn Johnson, Spencer J. Fox, Kelly A. Pierce, Maureen Johnson-Leon, Michael Lachmann, David P. Morton, Lauren Ancel Meyers
Summary: In response to COVID-19, schools in the United States closed for a significant period of time and proactive testing measures were not consistently implemented. A test allocation approach can effectively reduce infections and disparities across school districts, providing a roadmap for deploying proactive testing and mitigating future risks.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yifan Zhang, Xinglong Zhang, Huiwen Zheng, Longding Liu
Summary: This review focuses on the characteristics and functions of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs and their encoded proteins, exploring the role of subgenomic RNAs in the replication and infection of host cells, providing important clues to the mechanism of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Review
Immunology
Peter A. C. Maple
Summary: Human herpesviruses can enter a latent state, but can reactivate when immune control is lost. COVID-19 or exposure to COVID-19 vaccines can affect the immune system. There are reports of associations between herpesvirus infections or reactivations and COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Nigel Tungwarara, Itai Chitungo, Munashe Chimene, Patrick Gad Iradukunda, Moreblessing Mashora, Grant Murewanhema, Gallican Nshogoza Rwibasira, Godfrey Musuka
Summary: Despite global public health interventions, SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread, and breakthrough infections and waning immunity pose challenges for controlling the pandemic. Addressing vaccine hesitancy and implementing booster shots are crucial for global vaccination programs.
Article
Oncology
Rossana Bussani, Lorena Zentilin, Ricardo Correa, Andrea Colliva, Furio Silvestri, Serena Zacchigna, Chiara Collesi, Mauro Giacca
Summary: This study found that recovered COVID-19 patients may still experience worsening of their condition and eventually die, despite negative test results. Post-mortem analysis showed that the lung pathology of these patients was similar to that of acute COVID-19 cases, despite negative viral tests. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection can persist longer than suggested by standard tests, with specific cell types in the lung being infected.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Moriah Bergwerk, Tal Gonen, Yaniv Lustig, Sharon Amit, Marc Lipsitch, Carmit Cohen, Michal Mandelboim, Einav Gal Levin, Carmit Rubin, Victoria Indenbaum, Ilana Tal, Malka Zavitan, Neta Zuckerman, Adina Bar-Chaim, Yitshak Kreiss, Gili Regev-Yochay
Summary: Among fully vaccinated health care workers, breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 were correlated with neutralizing antibody titers during the peri-infection period. Most breakthrough infections were mild or asymptomatic, although persistent symptoms did occur.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tong Cheng, Zhusheng Chen, Yibin Qin, Xiang Zhu, Hongsheng Chen, Zhongling Xu, Xiaqing Ma
Summary: Morphine is commonly used and effective for pain relief, but its side effect of itching limits its clinical use. This paper discusses the potential of using esketamine to treat morphine-induced itching.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2024)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sung Eun Lee, Eunjung Park, Ji-yun Kim, HyukHoon Kim
Summary: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a potential therapeutic modality that has been recognized for its favorable mechanisms in various diseases, including sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). HBOT has neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects as well as increased tissue oxygenation capacity. However, there are caveats and limitations in applying HBOT in sepsis.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2024)
