Article
Infectious Diseases
Peter Nordstrom, Marcel Ballin, Anna Nordstrom
Summary: This retrospective cohort study investigated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in individuals who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The study found that natural immunity provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization for up to 20 months. Vaccination further reduced the risk of reinfection and hospitalization for up to 9 months, although the differences in absolute numbers, especially in hospitalizations, were small.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Saskia Meyer, Isaac Blaas, Ravi Chand Bollineni, Marina Delic-Sarac, Trung T. Tran, Cathrine Knetter, Ke-Zheng Dai, Torfinn Stove Madssen, John T. Vaage, Alice Gustavsen, Weiwen Yang, Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer, Karolos Douvlataniotis, Maarja Laos, Morten Milek Nielsen, Bernd Thiede, Arne Soraas, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Even H. Rustad, Johanna Olweus
Summary: Research shows that mutations in the coronavirus can lead to escape from neutralizing antibodies and loss of T cell epitopes. Previous studies on viral escape from T cell immunity have been hindered by uncertain estimates of epitope prevalence. This study maps and quantifies CD8 T cell responses to specific minimal epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescent individuals. It finds that mutations in variants of concern (VOC) are present in some epitopes but does not provide evidence that the mutations are driven by escape from T cell immunity.
Article
Cell Biology
Yiran E. Liu, Patricia A. Darrah, Joseph J. Zeppa, Megha Kamath, Farida Laboune, Daniel C. Douek, Pauline Maiello, Mario Roederer, JoAnne L. Flynn, Robert A. Seder, Purvesh Khatri
Summary: By analyzing the blood transcriptome of rhesus macaques immunized with varying doses of intravenous BCG followed by Mtb challenge, we identified seven vaccine-induced gene modules. Module 1 enriched for type 1 interferon and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways highly correlated with lung antigen-responsive CD4 T cells and Mtb burden. The gene signatures within module 1 at day 2 post-vaccination predicted protection against TB with an AUROC of 0.91.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yue Huang, Jiabao Tang, Han Wang, Huan Yu, Qiaoqiao Song, Xiaoyi Guo, Caihong Li, Jiangding Wang, Caihong Liang, Shulian Li, Shaowei Li, Zhifeng Lin, Qi Chen, Guohua Zhong, Sijie Zhuang, Yingying Su, Tingdong Li, Ting Wu, Shengxiang Ge, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the protective effect of maternal immunity against congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection. The results showed that a higher level of CMV IgG in early gestation was associated with a lower risk of cCMV infection in newborns, but this association was not observed in middle or late gestation.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yongjun Sui, Jianping Li, Roushu Zhang, Sunaina Kiran Prabhu, Hanne Andersen, David Venzon, Anthony Cook, Renita Brown, Elyse Teow, Jason Velasco, Jack Greenhouse, Tammy Putman-Taylor, Tracey-Ann Campbell, Laurent Pessaint, Ian N. Moore, Laurel Lagenaur, Jim Talton, Matthew W. Breed, Josh Kramer, Kevin W. Bock, Mahnaz Minai, Bianca M. Nagata, Mark G. Lewis, Lai-Xi Wang, Jay A. Berzofsky
Summary: Comparing two adjuvanted subunit vaccines in rhesus macaques, the study found that both vaccines were effective in protecting against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 exposure, despite potential differences in mucosal and systemic protective mechanisms. The mucosal vaccine was shown to be safe after multiple doses, efficiently clearing the input virus from the nasal cavity, and may serve as a potent complementary boost to conventional systemic vaccines for overall better protection.
Article
Immunology
Keita Inoue, Mao Kinoshita, Kentaro Muranishi, Junya Ohara, Kazuki Sudo, Ken Kawaguchi, Masaru Shimizu, Yoshifumi Naito, Kiyoshi Moriyama, Teiji Sawa
Summary: Researchers created a recombinant protein vaccine (POmT) containing three antigens to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The POmT vaccine showed comparable efficacy to the PcrV vaccine in a murine model, significantly improving acute lung injury and reducing acute mortality.
Article
Virology
Jose Alejandro Bohorquez, Miaomiao Wang, Ivan Diaz, Monica Alberch, Marta Perez-Simo, Rosa Rosell, Douglas P. Gladue, Manuel Borca, Llilianne Ganges
Summary: The study demonstrates that FlagT4G vaccine can rapidly stimulate robust immune response and provide short-term protection for pigs after vaccination, which is of great significance for controlling classical swine fever virus worldwide.
Article
Immunology
Judith Del Campo, Julien Bouley, Marion Chevandier, Carine Rousset, Marjorie Haller, Alice Indalecio, Delphine Guyon-Gellin, Alexandre Le Vert, Fergal Hill, Sophia Djebali, Yann Leverrier, Jacqueline Marvel, Behazine Combadiere, Florence Nicolas
Summary: OVX836, a recombinant protein vaccine, induces a strong immune response through intramuscular injection, resulting in a high number of IFN- γ-producing CD8 + T-cells and lung TRM CD8 + T-cells for long-term protection against influenza viruses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mahamadou S. Sissoko, Sara A. Healy, Abdoulaye Katile, Irfan Zaidi, Zonghui Hu, Bourama Kamate, Yacouba Samake, Kourane Sissoko, Agnes Mwakingwe-Omari, Jacquelyn Lane, Alemush Imeru, Rathy Mohan, Ismaila Thera, Cheick Oumar Guindo, Amagana Dolo, Karamoko Niare, Fanta Koita, Amadou Niangaly, Kelly M. Rausch, Amatigue Zeguime, Merepen A. Guindo, Aissatou Bah, Yonas Abebe, Eric R. James, Anita Manoj, Tooba Murshedkar, Natasha Kc, B. Kim Lee Sim, Peter F. Billingsley, Thomas L. Richie, Stephen L. Hoffman, Ogobara Doumbo, Patrick E. Duffy
Summary: A clinical trial was conducted in Mali to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the PfSPZ Vaccine in preventing malaria infection. The study found that the three-dose regimen of the vaccine was safe, well tolerated, and conferred 51% vaccine efficacy against natural P falciparum transmission.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. R. W. Tipton, Y. Hall, J. A. Bore, A. White, L. S. Sibley, C. Sarfas, Y. Yuki, M. Martin, S. Longet, J. Mellors, K. Ewer, S. Guenther, M. Carrington, M. K. Konde, M. W. Carroll
Summary: This study identified and described T cell epitopes in survivors, showing T cell responses to the EBOV glycoprotein. The research revealed potential epitopes able to elicit a T cell response and demonstrate important immunodominant properties in EBOV survivors.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Marin-Hernandez, Douglas F. Nixon, Nathaniel Hupert
Summary: Traditional vaccines are designed to target specific pathogens, but there are known off-target effects that can impact unrelated pathogen infections. Heterologous vaccines, like BCG, can induce non-specific effects through trained immunity.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yorick Janssens, Jasper Joye, Gwenn Waerlop, Frederic Clement, Geert Leroux-Roels, Isabel Leroux-Roels
Summary: Influenza vaccines are the most effective tools to prevent flu, but they have limitations in protecting older adults and immunocompromised individuals. Current correlates of protection based on serological parameters may over- or underestimate vaccine efficacy. Next-generation universal influenza vaccines that induce broader protection and lasting immunity are important for pandemic preparedness. Evaluating cellular immune responses in clinical trials is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of these new vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sararat Hattakam, Annie Elong Ngono, Melanie McCauley, Sujan Shresta, Montarop Yamabhai
Summary: This study analyzed serum samples from residents of a dengue virus-endemic region in Thailand and found that individuals with repeated exposure to dengue virus have higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against Zika virus.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steph Wraith, Angel Balmaseda, Fausto Andres Bustos Carrillo, Guillermina Kuan, John Huddleston, John Kubale, Roger Lopez, Sergio Ojeda, Amy Schiller, Brenda Lopez, Nery Sanchez, Richard Webby, Martha Nelson, Eva Harris, Aubree Gordon
Summary: This study examines the effects of natural influenza virus infection on subsequent infection with the same influenza virus subtype/lineage, using data from a pediatric cohort in Nicaragua. The results show that individuals infected with one subtype or lineage of influenza virus have significantly lower odds of homologous reinfection for the following one to two years, but this protection wanes after two years.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Madhura S. Rane, McKaylee M. Robertson, Sarah G. Kulkarni, Daniel Frogel, Chris Gainus, Denis Nash
Summary: This retrospective study investigated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in different population subgroups. The results showed that the effectiveness of two doses of mRNA vaccines decreased to 79% during the delta variant period compared to 96% before the vaccine approval. The effectiveness was higher in the 12-15 age group compared to other age groups. Individuals with prior infection had the highest effectiveness, and different vaccines had different effectiveness, with mRNA-1273 vaccine having higher effectiveness than the BNT162b2 vaccine, and the lowest effectiveness was observed with the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine.
