Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 493, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229668
Keywords
Safety; Liquefied Gas Electrolyte; Solvation Structure; Lithium Metal
Funding
- South 8 Technologies under National Science Foundation NSF SBIR program [1721646]
- Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Battery500 Consortium
- NSF through the UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center(UCSD MRSEC) [DMR-2011924]
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [IAA SN2020957]
- Div Of Industrial Innovation & Partnersh
- Directorate For Engineering [1721646] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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In order to address safety and practicality concerns with electrolytes, researchers have demonstrated the enhanced safety features of liquefied gas electrolytes and shown the feasibility of using difluoromethane as a solvent, providing a new direction for their use. Through custom setups and various testing methods, they have proven that this electrolyte has good conductivity over a wide temperature range and compatibility with metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes.
Development of safe electrolytes that are compatible with both lithium metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes that can operate in a wide-temperature range is a formidable, yet important challenge. Recently, a new class of electrolytes based on liquefied gas solvents has shown promise in addressing this issue. Concerns, however, have been raised on the pressure, flammability and low maximum operating temperature of these systems. Here, we endeavor to mitigate safety and practicality concerns by demonstrating an enhanced safety feature inherent in liquefied gas electrolytes and by showing the viability of using difluoromethane as a liquefied gas solvent which has lower pressure, lower flammability, and improved maximum operation temperature characteristics compared with fluoromethane. We create a custom-built setup to enable liquefied gas electrolyte characterization through Raman spectroscopy and supplement this with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The electrolyte shows good conductivity through a wide temperature range and compatibility with both the lithium metal anode and 4 V class cathodes. The demonstrated use of such alternative liquefied gas solvents opens a path towards the further development of high-energy and safe batteries that can operate in a wide-temperature range.
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