Article
Physiology
Sara A. Harper, Brennan J. Thompson
Summary: Assessing neuromuscular capacity in older adults is crucial for determining age-related functional decline risks; Minimal dose eccentric resistance training can improve muscle quality and functional performance in older adults; Improved exercise tolerance may enhance exercise participation and overall health in older adult populations.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cong Wu, Katsuhiko Suzuki
Summary: Flavonoids may have a great potential to treat sarcopenia by improving skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults.
Article
Biology
Jort Veen, Diego Montiel-Rojas, Fawzi Kadi, Andreas Nilsson
Summary: The study investigates the impact of reallocating time spent in different intensities of physical activity (PA) on sarcopenia risk in older adults. The results show that reallocating sedentary time to at least light-intensity PA is significantly related to a lower sarcopenia risk score (SRS), even after adjustment for PA type and protein intake. Similarly, reallocating time in light- to moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA is also related to a lower SRS. These findings emphasize the importance of displacing sedentary behaviors for more active pursuits in older adults to alleviate age-related deterioration of muscle health.
Article
Sport Sciences
Alexander T. Carswell, Sarah Jackson, Paul Swinton, Thomas J. O'Leary, Jonathan C. Y. Tang, Samuel J. Oliver, Craig Sale, Rachel M. Izard, Neil P. Walsh, William D. Fraser, Julie P. Greeves
Summary: This study found that there are associations between serum vitamin D metabolites and physical performance. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is negatively correlated with 2.4-km run time and positively correlated with muscle power, while 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) is positively correlated with run time and negatively correlated with strength and muscle power. 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)(2)D) is negatively correlated with run time. The vitamin D metabolites together explain a small portion of variance in physical performance. VDR SNPs are not associated with physical performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Suey S. Y. Yeung, Michelle Kwan, Jean Woo
Summary: Diet is a key factor in preventing age-related diseases and maintaining overall good health status. Dietary patterns centered on plant-based foods have a beneficial role in healthy aging. There is a knowledge gap between multidimensional concepts of healthy aging and dietary patterns.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Everson A. Nunes, Lauren Colenso-Semple, Sean R. McKellar, Thomas Yau, Muhammad Usman Ali, Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Diana Sherifali, Claire Gaudichon, Daniel Tome, Philip J. Atherton, Maria Camprubi Robles, Sandra Naranjo-Modad, Michelle Braun, Francesco Landi, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that increasing daily protein ingestion may contribute to gains in lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength, especially in subjects participating in resistance exercise training. However, the effects on handgrip strength and physical function test performance are unclear.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rikke S. Kamper, Julian Alcazar, Lars L. Andersen, Bryan Haddock, Niklas Rye Jorgensen, Peter Hovind, Charlotte Suetta
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between chronic low-grade inflammation and age-related muscle decline and physical performance. Results showed that with age, levels of certain inflammatory biomarkers in the blood increased significantly, correlating with decreased muscle strength and physical function.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mauro Lombardo, Alessandra Feraco, Chiara Bellia, Luigi Prisco, Ilenia D'Ippolito, Elvira Padua, Maximilian Andreas Storz, Davide Lauro, Massimiliano Caprio, Alfonso Bellia
Summary: MetS is associated with disease severity, with studies showing it as an important predictor of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Adipose secretome and myokines have effects on energy metabolism and immune system function, but their functions depend on the metabolic context.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Charles Phillipe de Lucena Alves, Samuel Brito de Almeida, Danielle Pessoa Lima, Pedro Braga Neto, Ana Lucia Miranda, Todd Manini, Lara Vlietstra, Debra L. Waters, Renata Moraes Bielemann, Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo, Ana Paula Fayh, Eduardo Caldas Costa
Summary: This scoping review aimed to map out definitions and assessment methods of muscle quality in older adults. A total of 96 articles were included, revealing a substantial heterogeneity of definitions and assessment methods across functional and morphological domains. Standardizing the definition of muscle quality may help utilize it as a potential marker of skeletal muscle health in older adults.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andreas Nilsson, Antonio Cano, Oscar Bergens, Fawzi Kadi
Summary: Increasing intake of fruits and vegetables for 16 weeks had a significant effect on certain inflammatory biomarkers in older adults, but did not impact others in the study. Further research is needed to explore the clinical implications of these changes induced by fruits and vegetables consumption.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
U. Hab, C. Herpich, B. Kochlik, D. Weber, T. Grune, K. Norman
Summary: The study found that a pro-inflammatory diet reflected by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is associated with higher systemic inflammation, slower gait speed, and lower muscle mass in old adults. Intervention studies are needed to examine whether anti-inflammatory dietary approaches can help to improve muscle mass and function and thus minimize the risk for sarcopenia in the long-term.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Je Hyun Seo, Young Lee
Summary: This study found that moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) is associated with higher skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength in older adults. Specifically, engaging in high-intensity PA is positively correlated with the prevention of sarcopenia.
Article
Sport Sciences
Alex S. Ribeiro, Luiz C. Pereira, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Joao Pedro Nunes, Witalo Kassiano, Hellen C. G. Nabuco, Paulo Sugihara Junior, Rodrigo R. Fernandes, Melissa Antunes, Andreo F. Aguiar, Edilson S. Cyrino
Summary: This study examined the effects of protein intake on body recomposition in older women after resistance training. The results showed that protein intake is a moderating variable for body recomposition, with low protein intake having a less favorable effect.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Pedro Rafael de Souza Macedo, Tiago Novais Rocha, Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes Fernandes, Mariana Carmem Apolinario Vieira, Javier Jerez-Roig, Saionara Maria Aires da Camara
Summary: Studies have shown that premature or early menopause is associated with weaker grip strength, lower gait speed, and functional limitations. However, there is no significant association between age at menopause and two measures of physical function: chair stand test and standing balance. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the relationship between age at menopause and various physical function indicators.
MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yaoxin Chen, Yijun Zhan, Hong Wang, Hui Zhang, Yiwen Cai, Liaoyao Wang, Wenyan Zhu, Haiyue Shen, Jian Pei
Summary: This study conducted a cross-sectional study on Chinese older adults and found that muscle strength plays a partial mediating role between mobility and cognitive function. This suggests that maintaining sufficient muscle strength is crucial for the mobility and cognitive function of older adults.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Myles C. Dennis, Paul S. R. Goods, Martyn J. Binnie, Olivier Girard, Karen E. Wallman, Brian Dawson, Francois Billaut, Peter Peeling
Summary: The present study investigated the effects of ambient air temperature manipulation on acute performance and physiological responses during repeated-sprint training in hypoxia. The study found that increasing the ambient temperature to 40 degrees Celsius did not have a detrimental effect on performance, while higher temperatures (>=35 degrees Celsius) resulted in greater changes in muscle oxygenation during exercise and recovery, suggesting that additional heat may increase the effectiveness of repeated-sprint training.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Brandon Giles, Peter Peeling, Stephanie Kovalchik, Machar Reid
Summary: This research used new analysis techniques to objectively explore the execution of COD movements in professional tennis and identified five unique clusters of COD performers. These findings challenge previous assumptions about on-court movement style and highlight the complexity and variation in the sport's locomotion demands. The characteristics of each COD style can facilitate athlete profiling and specific training interventions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Shannon Connolly, Peter Peeling, Martyn J. Binnie, Paul S. R. Goods, Anthony J. Blazevich, Wouter P. Timmerman, Chris R. Abbiss
Summary: This study examined the magnitude and reliability of rate of torque development (RTD) during a cycling sprint with altered resistance, duration, and pedal downstroke. The results suggest that the average of downstrokes 2 and 3 during a 5-second sprint with heavy or very heavy resistance is the most reliable measurement of RTD in sprint cyclists.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Sandra L. Vale, Kevin Murray, Merryn J. Netting, Royston Ong, Rhonda Clifford, Samantha Stiles, Dianne E. Campbell, Sandra M. Salter
Summary: This study examined the impact of a public health campaign promoting earlier introduction of allergenic foods on rates of infant anaphylaxis. The results showed that rates of infant anaphylaxis increased over the past 5 years, but there was no clear association with the timing of the public health campaign. Assessing rates of food allergy in all age groups is necessary to determine whether the intervention has led to an overall reduction in food allergy.
ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Benjamin H. Parmenter, Frederik Dalgaard, Kevin Murray, Guillaume Marquis-Gravel, Aedin Cassidy, Catherine P. Bondonno, Joshua R. Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Cecilie Kyro, Gunnar Gislason, Augustin Scalbert, Anne Tjonneland, Kim Overvad, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Nicola P. Bondonno
Summary: This study found no overall association between habitual dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, stratified analysis by sex and smoking status showed that higher intakes of specific subclasses of flavonoids were associated with a lower risk of IHD among ever-smokers, but not among never-smokers or either sex specifically.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jesse Zanker, Marc Sim, Kate Anderson, Saliu Balogun, Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen, Elsa Dent, Gustavo Duque, Christian M. Girgis, Mathis Grossmann, Alan Hayes, Tim Henwood, Vasant Hirani, Charles Inderjeeth, Sandra Iuliano, Justin Keogh, Joshua R. Lewis, Gordon S. Lynch, Julie A. Pasco, Steven Phu, Esmee M. Reijnierse, Nicholas Russell, Lara Vlietstra, Renuka Visvanathan, Troy Walker, Debra L. Waters, Solomon Yu, Andrea B. Maier, Robin M. Daly, David Scott
Summary: This study aims to develop guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, assessment, and management based on consumer values and preferences, to be used by clinicians and researchers in Australia and New Zealand. A three-phase Consumer Expert Delphi process was conducted to gather consumer opinions on sarcopenia outcomes, consultation preferences, and interventions. The consumer preferences identified in this study can guide the implementation of sarcopenia guidelines at various levels of clinical practice in Australia and New Zealand.
AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Carolyn J. Peddle-McIntyre, Sanjeevan Muruganandan, Joanne McVeigh, Deirdre B. Fitzgerald, Leon Straker, Robert U. Newton, Kevin Murray, Yun Chor Gary Lee
Summary: This study measures activity behaviours in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and compares the impact of different treatment methods on their activity behaviours. The study also investigates the association between activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL). The results show that patients with MPE are mostly sedentary, with very little time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The group with daily drainage shows a more favorable sedentary-to-light ratio compared to the symptom-guided drainage group. The sedentary-to-light ratio is correlated with multiple QoL domains at different timepoints. The results of this study are of great importance for clinical patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessie S. Clark, Kathryn A. Dyer, Courtney R. Davis, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert, Richard Woodman, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Karen J. Murphy
Summary: Increasing evidence supports the association between a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) score and inflammation, cardiovascular disease risk, events, and mortality. This randomized trial found that switching to a Mediterranean diet resulted in a significant reduction in the DII score in older Australian adults.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sierra R. McDowell, Kevin Murray, Michael Hunter, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Joshua R. Lewis, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Nicola P. Bondonno
Summary: This study aimed to characterize and compare four dietary pattern indices in middle-aged Australian adults. The findings indicate that the diets of Australian middle-aged adults align more closely with the Australian Dietary Guidelines than with other international dietary patterns, likely due to the wide variation of individual food group weightings in the construction of these indices.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rajiv Ananthakrishna, Benita P. Rajvi, Diana E. Hancock, Feruza Kholmurodova, Richard J. Woodman, Sanjana Patil, Matthew Horsfall, Derek P. Chew, Noor Darinah Mohd Daril, Joseph B. Selvanayagam
Summary: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has a potential role in the evaluation of symptomatic patients with stable troponin elevation. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of CMR in this unique cohort and assess the long-term clinical outcomes. CMR was able to identify the cause for stable troponin elevation in 71% of patients and changed the referral diagnosis in 26% of patients. The utilization of CMR improved the net reclassification of patients with stable troponin elevation.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Reece De Zylva, Elissa Mortimer, Emma Miller, George Tsourtos, Sharon Lawn, Carlene Wilson, Jonathan Karnon, Richard Woodman, Paul Ward
Summary: The study aims to test the effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions and peer support in promoting smoking cessation and resilience among low socioeconomic status smokers. It is a 12-month randomized controlled trial with four intervention groups and includes various outcome measures such as smoking abstinence, resilience, social support, quality of life, self-efficacy, motivation to quit, nicotine dependence, equanimity, stress, and goal attainment. This study is crucial for addressing the health issues of low socioeconomic status smokers.
ADDICTION SCIENCE & CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pratik Pokharel, Jamie W. Bellinge, Frederik Dalgaard, Kevin Murray, Marc Sim, Bu B. Yeap, Emma Connolly, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Catherine P. Bondonno, Joshua R. Lewis, Gunnar Gislason, Anne Tjonneland, Kim Overvad, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Carl Schultz, Nicola P. Bondonno
Summary: Observational studies have shown a lower risk of type 2 diabetes with higher vitamin K-1 intake. This study found that higher intake of foods rich in vitamin K-1 was associated with a lower risk of diabetes. This association was present in all subgroups at higher risk, indicating that more cases of diabetes could be prevented.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Catherine P. Bondonno, Liezhou Zhong, Nicola P. Bondonno, Marc Sim, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Alex Liu, Anjana Rajendra, Pratik Pokharel, Dorit W. Erichsen, Oliver Neubauer, Kevin D. Croft, Jonathan M. Hodgson
Summary: Vegetables, meat, and water are the main sources of dietary nitrate, which has been regulated and monitored due to concerns over cancer risk. However, evidence suggests that nitrate from vegetables can actually protect against cardiovascular disease and other chronic illnesses. The potential formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines from nitrate is still a concern.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Phoebe George, Kevin Murray, Hayley Christian
Summary: This study examined the access, use, benefits, and potential negative effects of different types of blue spaces by families with young children. The findings showed that beaches were the most frequently used blue space by families, regardless of distance, and were perceived to promote children's health, development, and environmental awareness. However, blue spaces could also pose potential risks for families with young children.
HEALTH PROMOTION JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Derrick Lopez, Girish Dwivedi, Johannes Nossent, David B. Preen, Kevin Murray, Warren Raymond, Charles Inderjeeth, Helen I. Keen
Summary: There is an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 30 days after hospital admission for acute gout, indicating a temporal association between acute inflammation and subsequent MACEs in patients with gout.
ACR OPEN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)