Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Louise B. Russell, Lara Livia Santos da Silva, Rodrigo Fracalossi de Moraes, Risha Gidwani, Paula M. Luz, Cristiana M. Toscano
Summary: In 2020, Brazilian states implemented various nonpharmaceutical interventions to combat COVID-19, and the suspension of public events and masking mandates were found to significantly reduce the spread of the disease.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Mee Sook Kim
Summary: This study used text network analysis to examine the major issues related to death from overwork reported in Korean media over the past ten years, focusing on essential workers, and discussed the implications for Korean society from the perspective of decent work. The results showed that postal workers, public officials, and courier workers in Korea are vulnerable to death from overwork. To protect workers' health and well-being, it is necessary to reduce working hours, recognize industrial accidents, and improve the working environment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suzanne Day, Takhona Grace Hlatshwako, Anna Lloyd, Larry Han, Weiming Tang, Barry Bayus, Joseph D. Tucker
Summary: Despite the generation of many innovative ideas in response to COVID-19, there have been few studies examining community preferences for these ideas. This study aimed to determine the preferences of university community members at the University of North Carolina for three novel ideas for making campus safer during the pandemic. The findings contribute to the development and implementation of community-engaged campus safety interventions during COVID-19.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
E. Keles, G. Bektemur, K. N. Baydili
Summary: Nurses, who play a crucial role in countries' responses to COVID-19, are unfortunately being exposed to the virus. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of nurses who died from COVID-19. The data revealed that the majority of deaths were registered nurses in the 46-65 age range, with a relatively high number of deaths among mental health nurses in the nursing department. The countries with the most reported nurse deaths were the USA, South Africa, Mexico, and Russia.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sandra Costa Fonseca, Pauline Lorena Kale, Graca Helena Maia do Canto Teixeira, Vania Gloria Silami Lopes
Summary: The Brazilian List of Avoidable Causes of Deaths (LBE) does not include stillbirths, but a proposed adaptation for stillbirths (LBE-OF) was applied in Rio de Janeiro in 2018, showing differences and consistencies compared to the original list (LBE < 5). By reassigning causes of stillbirths into different avoidability groups, the LBE-OF revealed a higher percentage of reducible causes during pregnancy and better consistency with the pathophysiology of fetal deaths. The inclusion of stillbirths in mortality data systems like SIM would enhance monitoring and investigation of fetal deaths.
CADERNOS DE SAUDE PUBLICA
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Robert A. Kleinman, Nathaniel P. Morris
Summary: This study used data from the National Violent Death Reporting System to investigate violent deaths among people experiencing homelessness (PEH). The results showed that suicides and homicides were common among PEH, with variations among different populations. Additionally, a portion of suicide victims had suicidal thoughts, disclosed intent, or were receiving mental health treatment.
PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Merle Schlief, Nathalie Rich, Luke Sheridan Rains, Helen Baldwin, Antonio Rojas-Garcia, Patrick Nyikavaranda, Karen Persaud, Ceri Dare, Paul French, Brynmor Lloyd-Evans, Mike Crawford, Jo Smith, James B. Kirkbride, Sonia Johnson
Summary: There is evidence of disparities in the provision of psychosis care among different ethnicities. This study investigated the variations in the receipt of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis and family intervention among ethnic groups in Early Intervention in Psychosis teams in England. The results showed pervasive inequalities in receiving these interventions for almost all minoritized ethnic groups, highlighting the need for further research.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sergi Trias-Llimos, Jeroen J. A. Spijker, Amand Blanes, Inaki Permanye
Summary: The study aims to assess the contributions of age and cause-specific factors to differences in life expectancy and lifespan variation between high- and low-educated groups in Spain. The findings show that high-educated individuals have higher life expectancy at age 30 compared to low-educated individuals, with lung cancer and ischaemic heart diseases being the main contributors to the life expectancy gaps in males. The study suggests that gender-specific preventive policy measures may help reduce socioeconomic disparities in mortality.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
K. M. Greaux, P. van Assema, K. M. H. H. Bessems, N. K. de Vries, J. Harting
Summary: From a complex systems perspective, the implementation of health interventions in a specific context can lead to the emergence of bottlenecks. A study in the Netherlands found that these bottlenecks occur in multiple categories, such as implementers, interventions, and political support, and are often related to intersectoral policymaking. The study also showed that each intervention system faces a unique set of conditions that hinder implementation, and these bottlenecks can be predicted based on the system's characteristics.
ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman, Sebastiaan Remmers, Gunnar Aus, Vera Nelen, Liesbet van Eycken, Arnauld Villers, Xavier Rebillard, Maciej Kwiatkowski, Stephen Wyler, Donella Puliti, Giuseppe Gorini, Alvaro Paez, Marcos Lujan, Teuvo Tammela, Chris Bangma, Anssi Auvinen, Monique J. Roobol
Summary: This study investigated intervention-related deaths in the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer Screening (ERSPC) and found a total of 34 such deaths over a 16-year follow-up period, with a low overall risk. Variations in procedures among centers were identified as a limitation affecting result comparability.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY OPEN SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Makoto Kuroki, Kiyoshi Yamamoto, Shaun Goldfinch
Summary: The study aims to understand the factors influencing the adoption of nondigital NPIs and tracking apps in the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The findings suggest that confidence in public health scientists and a preference for infection control predict the use of nondigital NPIs, while trust in government does not. Trust in government and urban residence are important factors for the adoption of tracking apps, although their use is lower compared to nondigital NPIs.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Ximena Pamela Bermudez, Edgar Merchan-Hamann
Summary: In Brazil, there were 159,720 deaths from external causes recorded in 2017, with 21.7% being from unspecified causes. The study found that hospital deaths and coroner's certification are associated with a higher likelihood of deaths from unspecified external causes.
EPIDEMIOLOGIA E SERVICOS DE SAUDE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lais De Aimeida Reivas-Brandt, Caroline Gava, Fernanda Sindeaux Camelo, Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto, Ronaldo Fernandes Santos Alves, Marcela Santos Correa Da Costa, Sandra Maria Deotti Carvalho, Greice Madeleine Ikeda do Carmo, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti Fantinato, Marcelo Yoshito Wada, Yluska Myrna Meneses Brandao E Mendes, Martha Goncalves Vieira, Roselle Burgarin Steenhouwer, Klebie Magaihaes Pereira Castelio Branco, Maria Veronica Camara dos Santos, Ivan Romero Rivera, Luiz Henrique Nicoloso, Marco Aurelio Palazzi Safadi, Dalva Maria de Assis
Summary: The study revealed that children with MIS-C who had oxygen saturation levels below 95% and abnormal urea results had a higher risk of mortality. However, the mortality rate was lower among those without red skin blotches and those who used anticoagulants and immunoglobulins.
EPIDEMIOLOGIA E SERVICOS DE SAUDE
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Siyu Zou, Zhicheng Wang, Kun Tang
Summary: There are inequalities in mortality rates among multimorbid individuals in China, with lower relative inequality but higher absolute inequality among males and in rural areas.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yifan Li, Chuanyu Qin, Shengyue Qiu, Yu He, Linchuan Pang, Xiaolan Xu, Vivian Wan-Cheong Yim, Shenglan Tang, Heng Du, Wenfeng Gong, Fan Yang, Joseph D. Tucker, Weiming Tang, Yun Wang, Leesa Lin, Mark Jit, Wei Song, Chunrong Li, Jennifer Smith, Jing Li, Dan Wu
Summary: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the pay-it-forward strategy compared to self-paid vaccination in improving HPV vaccine uptake among 15-18-year-old girls. A total of 320 participants will be randomly assigned to two study arms to evaluate the primary outcome of HPV vaccine uptake. The findings will have implications for increasing HPV vaccine uptake in areas where HPV vaccines are provided for a fee.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhicheng Wang, Kit Chan, Adrienne N. Poon, Yan Guo
Editorial Material
Immunology
Judith D. Auerbach, Andrew D. Forsyth, Calum Davey, James R. Hargreaves
Summary: In April 2020, a group of international public health researchers published three lessons learned from the HIV pandemic, which are relevant for the response to COVID-19: anticipating health inequalities, creating enabling environments for behavioral change, and engaging multidisciplinary efforts. In light of over two years' experience with the COVID-19 pandemic, these lessons are revisited. The article examines how inequalities have manifested within and between countries, discusses factors that facilitate or hinder the creation of enabling environments, and highlights the ongoing lack of integrated science and health system approaches. The authors argue that to effectively apply the lessons learned and address future infectious disease outbreaks, it is crucial to have dialogue among polarized perspectives, identify shared priorities, and utilize multidisciplinary evidence.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yumeng Du, Chenqi Jin, Mark Jit, Tracey Chantler, Leesa Lin, Heidi J. Larson, Jing Li, Wenfeng Gong, Fan Yang, Nina Ren, Weibin Cheng, Yi Zhou, Weiming Tang, Joseph D. Tucker, Dan Wu
Summary: This study aimed to understand the factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake among children and older people in China. The results showed that the vaccination rate was higher in the subsidized group compared to the self-paid group. In the self-paid group, prior vaccination experiences and trust in providers' advice were associated with higher vaccine uptake, while in the subsidized group, marital status, perception of vaccine effectiveness, and previous experience of influenza-like illnesses in the family were associated with vaccine uptake.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kasim Allel, Jennifer Stone, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Lucy Day, Catrin E. Moore, Leesa Lin, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Laith Yakob
Summary: This study quantifies the excess mortality, length of hospital stay, ICU admission, and economic costs associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria bloodstream infections (ARB BSIs) compared to antibiotic-sensitive bacteria (ASB) among adult inpatients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The findings show that ARB BSIs are associated with higher mortality, longer hospital stays, ICU admissions, and increased economic costs.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Takaaki Kobayashi, Hana Tomoi, Yuka Nishina, Ko Harada, Kyuto Tanaka, Shugo Sasaki, Kanako Inaba, Hayato Mitaka, Hiromizu Takahashi, Aly Passanante, Eric H. Y. Lau, Toshio Naito, Heidi Larson, Joseph Wu, Leesa Lin, Yuji Yamada
Summary: This study investigated the impact of social media-based interventions on COVID-19 vaccine intention and confidence in Japan. The results of a randomized controlled trial showed that neither the use of a chatbot nor interactive webinars significantly changed vaccine intention compared to the control group. However, webinars were found to be effective in increasing vaccine confidence. Further research is needed to identify risk factors associated with decreased vaccine confidence and explore interventions that can increase vaccine intention and confidence for COVID-19 vaccines.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qiang Wang, Liuqing Yang, Lan Li, Chang Liu, Hui Jin, Leesa Lin
Summary: A life-course immunization approach is important for enhancing the quality of life and societal well-being. The willingness to receive the herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine varies across different countries and is influenced by sociodemographic factors and individual perceptions.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kristi Yoonsup Lee, Saudamini Vishwanath Dabak, Vivian Hanxiao Kong, Minah Park, Shirley L. L. Kwok, Madison Silzle, Chayapat Rachatan, Alex Cook, Aly Passanante, Ed Pertwee, Zhengdong Wu, Javier A. Elkin, Heidi J. Larson, Eric H. Y. Lau, Kathy Leung, Joseph T. Wu, Leesa Lin
Summary: Chatbots have become popular in health services and communications, but few studies have evaluated their effectiveness in improving vaccine confidence and acceptance. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore, comparing the effects of COVID-19 vaccine chatbots on confidence and acceptance among unvaccinated individuals. The results showed mixed success, with decreased confidence in vaccine effectiveness in Thailand, decreased vaccine acceptance in Hong Kong, and decreased vaccine confidence in safety in Singapore. Process evaluation indicated support for vaccine chatbots, but further studies are needed to link chatbot usage and real-world vaccine uptake.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Zhicheng Wang, Mengke Yu, Leesa Lin
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Aly Passanante, Ed Pertwee, Leesa Lin, Kristi Yoonsup Lee, Joseph T. Wu, Heidi J. Larson
Summary: The use of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) in vaccine communication has the potential to provide credible and personalized information to users, leading to positive effects on vaccine attitudes. However, more research is needed to understand the long-term and societal impacts of this technology, as well as address ethical concerns.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
S. Pongutta, E. Ferguson, C. Davey, V. Tangcharoensathien, S. Limwattananon, J. Borghi, C. K. H. Wong, L. Lin
Summary: This study assessed the impacts of the Dekthai Kamsai programme on overweight/obesity, underweight and stunting among male and female primary school students. The results showed that the intervention program was effective in reducing overweight/obesity and poor height gain, but had no significant effect on wasting. These findings highlight the benefits of a multifaceted school nutrition intervention and the need for tailor-made interventions for wasting to comprehensively address the double burden of malnutrition.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kasim Allel, Lucy Day, Alisa Hamilton, Leesa Lin, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Catrin E. Moore, Thomas Van Boeckel, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Laith Yakob
Summary: This study assessed the associations between socioeconomic, anthropogenic, and environmental indicators and country-level rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans and food-producing animals. The results showed that there were significant associations between animal antimicrobial consumption and AMR in food-producing animals, as well as between human antimicrobial consumption and AMR in WHO priority pathogens. Bidirectional associations were also found between animal antibiotic consumption and resistance in critical priority human pathogens, and between human antibiotic consumption and animal AMR. This study suggests that reducing antibiotic consumption alone is not enough to combat the rising prevalence of AMR, and control methods should focus on poverty reduction and preventing AMR transmission across different domains.
LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yongjin Choi, Soohyun Park, Jinwoo Lee, Youngsung Kim, Byoung Joon Kim, Leesa Lin, Ashley M. Fox
Summary: This study examines hesitancy and willingness among Korean citizens regarding booster vaccinations for COVID-19. The results indicate that factors such as trust in the Korean Disease Control Agency (KDCA), age, gender, political propensity, and household income level are closely associated with booster vaccine uptake. Despite a high initial vaccination rate in Korea, convincing the public of the continued necessity of booster shots may pose challenges in the post-pandemic era.
