Article
Forestry
Bruno Fady, Gaspard Rihm
Summary: Climate change-induced forest die-back is a global concern. Arboretums and common gardens comparing geographic origins within species can provide valuable information and material to enhance forest resilience. Common gardens have been crucial in demonstrating genetic diversity, local adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity, as well as guiding forest management and policy. However, the current generation of common gardens is limited in species, provenances, and habitats sampled in the context of climate change and the focus on the novel bioeconomy. A new generation of common gardens is necessary.
Article
Forestry
Concetta Lisella, Serena Antonucci, Giovanni Santopuoli, Marco Marchetti, Roberto Tognetti
Summary: Understanding the response of tree species in the Mediterranean hotspot to drought is crucial for guiding climate change adaptation strategies. In this study, we assessed the resilience of maritime pine to drought and found differences in growth rate among provenances. However, the components of resilience did not vary significantly. Environmental conditions and management practices were important factors influencing tree growth patterns.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Samuel Barton, Daniel Padfield, Abigail Masterson, Angus Buckling, Nicholas Smirnoff, Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Summary: Several experimental studies have shown that phytoplankton can adapt rapidly to warmed environments. However, these studies often use different experimental techniques, limiting our ability to compare thermal adaptation across different species. In this study, simultaneous long-term warming experiments were conducted on three phylogenetically diverse species of marine phytoplankton, revealing varying levels of thermal adaptation. Synechococcus sp. displayed the greatest improvement in fitness and thermal tolerance, Ostreococcus tauri showed some improvement but to a lesser extent, and Phaeodoactylum tricornutum showed no signs of adaptation. These findings can enhance our understanding of how phytoplankton communities may change in response to warming and the potential biogeochemical implications.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erica Lombardi, Francisco Rodriguez-Puerta, Filippo Santini, Maria Regina Chambel, Jose Climent, Victor Resco de Dios, Jordi Voltas
Summary: This study evaluates the potential of LiDAR and RGB imagery obtained through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as high-throughput phenotyping tools for tree growth and crown structure assessment in Mediterranean pine species. The results demonstrate the usefulness of UAV-based LiDAR and RGB records to disclose tree architectural differences and potentially related adaptive divergence among populations. The study also identifies specific remote sensing-derived traits that distinguish black pine subspecies or Aleppo pine ecotypes.
Article
Biology
Bethany A. Bradley, Evelyn M. Beaury, Emily J. Fusco, Bianca E. Lopez
Summary: As the impacts of climate change continue to increase, it is urgent to incorporate climate change into future environmental policy to avoid missed opportunities. The rise of invasive species threats, exacerbated by climate change, further highlights the need for proactive measures. Recommendations include information sharing, screening and regulation of high-risk species, and incentivizing individual actions. Considering invasive species risk in climate mitigation and adaptation policy is also crucial.
Review
Plant Sciences
Acer VanWallendael, David B. Lowry, Jill A. Hamilton
Summary: Plant biologists are making significant progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying adaptation from local populations to continents. They are studying the genetics of local adaptation using whole genomes in large-scale common garden experiments. These studies suggest that a complex combination of loci with and without adaptive trade-offs contributes to local adaptation, and that hybridization and adaptive introgression play a key role in the evolution of these species. Future research will incorporate high-throughput phenotyping, gene expression, and modeling to predict species' responses to climate change.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Amanda R. Chiaramonte, Andre V. F. Faria, Estela M. Plastino
Summary: Gracilaria caudata is an economically important genus along the Brazilian coast. The thermal tolerance and putative occurrence of ecotypes of this species are evaluated in this study. Different temperatures were tested on the growth rates and photosynthesis of female gametophytes from four populations along the Brazilian coast. Results show that the populations differ in their thermal performance and the populations from Espírito Santo and Santa Catarina may not withstand predicted temperature increases.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ruud Rijkers, Johannes Rousk, Rien Aerts, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, James T. Weedon
Summary: Experimental warming induces shifts in the temperature-growth relationships of bacterial communities in diverse Arctic soils, indicating their potential temperature adaptation. This has implications for accurate predictions of Arctic soil carbon dynamics and should be implemented in soil organic carbon modeling.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Daniel J. Chmura, Jerzy Modrzynski
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the associations between growth, phenology, and climate in Norway spruce populations and whether their sensitivity to climate change varied with age. The results showed significant variation in tree growth and phenology among populations from Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains, reflecting their adaptation to the local environment. Surprisingly, there was no evidence of increasing maladaptation to climate change with age. The findings indicate that both mountain ranges' spruce populations are likely to have decreased productivity under warming and drying climate conditions.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Jose Alberto Ramirez-Valiente, Luis Santos del Blanco, Ricardo Alia, Juan J. Robledo-Arnuncio, Jose Climent
Summary: Mediterranean ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots located between temperate mesic climates and semi-deserts and deserts, characterized by a drought season with variable severity and length across regions. Studies show that population genetic differentiation in functional traits and fitness in Mediterranean species, driven by adaptation to contrasting temperature and precipitation regimes, is common. No evidence was found for a trade-off between resource-use strategies within species, calling for further investigation into the evolution of stress tolerance at the expense of growth potential in Mediterranean environments.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kumar Bahadur Darjee, Prem Raj Neupane, Michael Koehl
Summary: This study explores the proactive responses of local communities in Nepal to climate change impacts. Through interviews and data analysis, it found that over 83% of households implemented both proactive and reactive measures, with over 50 proactive adaptation measures being implemented. Factors such as livelihood options and spatial factors were found to be decisive factors in choosing proactive adaptation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fumihiro Ito, Takeshi Awasaki
Summary: Temperature is a critical environmental factor that influences biological processes, and different species have different optimal temperatures for daily activities. This study analyzes the temperature preference behavior and effects of temperature on locomotor activity and sleep in 11 Drosophila species and investigates the role of antennae in temperature preference behavior. The results show that each species has its own temperature response system and maintains its daily activity and sleep pattern even at different temperatures.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Meng-Yao Ma, Hong-Yuan Ma, Lei Wang, Wen-Wen Qi, Shao-Yang Li, Dan-Dan Zhao
Summary: Soil salinity is a significant abiotic stress affecting ecosystems worldwide, with Chinese rye grass having distinct ecotypes, namely yellow-green and gray-green, showing different strategies for coping with salt stress. The gray-green ecotype exhibited higher seed germination percentage and shorter germination time, longer radicles, and longer shoot length compared to the yellow-green ecotype under salinity stress. The gray-green ecotype was more salt-tolerant and had higher thousand-grain weight, indicating its potential for saline grassland restoration.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
K. M. Bowgen, E. F. Kettel, S. H. M. Butchart, J. A. Carr, W. B. Foden, G. Magin, M. D. Morecroft, R. K. Smith, B. A. Stein, W. J. Sutherland, C. B. Thaxter, J. W. Pearce-Higgins
Summary: This study conducted a quantitative global assessment of biodiversity conservation interventions for climate change adaptation. The findings suggest that targeted interventions for specific species are more likely to have positive impacts, while generic interventions such as land and water management or protection have lower probabilities of being beneficial. The study also highlights the need for effective monitoring and evaluation of adaptation interventions to improve decision-making in the future.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alexandre K. Magnan, Robert Bell, Virginie K. E. Duvat, James D. Ford, Matthias Garschagen, Marjolijn Haasnoot, Carmen Lacambra, Inigo J. Losada, Katharine J. Mach, Melinda Noblet, Devanathan Parthasaranthy, Marcello Sano, Katharine Vincent, Ariadna Anisimov, Susan Hanson, Alexandra Malmstrom, Robert J. Nicholls, Gundula Winter
Summary: The state of global coastal adaptation is currently halfway towards its full potential, with urban areas generally scoring higher than rural areas. Efforts in adaptation are unbalanced across different dimensions and strategizing for long-term pathways is limited. This assessment provides a multi-dimensional and locally grounded perspective on global coastal adaptation, highlighting the need to refine global adaptation targets and identify priorities transcending development levels.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alexandra J. Wright, Kathryn E. Barry, Christopher J. Lortie, Ragan M. Callaway
Summary: Through experiments and mechanistic approaches, positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are studied. In addition to competition and resource partitioning, various facilitative mechanisms are identified, such as reduction of species-specific pathogens and improvement of soil nutrient cycling.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Diego A. Sotomayor, Alessandro Filazzola, Christopher J. Lortie
Summary: The study revealed that dominant plants in deserts have facilitative effects on the understorey plants, but the responses to the removal of neighbors can be species-specific. The facilitative effects of dominant plants are important for coexistence mechanisms in desert ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Christopher J. Lortie, Alessandro Filazzola, Charlotte Brown, Jacob Lucero, Mario Zuliani, Nargol Ghazian, Stephanie Haas, Malory Owen, H. Scott Butterfield, Emmeleia Nix, Michael Westphal
Summary: The study suggests that shrubs can accelerate the invasion process by invasive species and amplify their negative effects on native communities, leading to ecosystem degradation. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the indirect effects of shrubs in order to advance grassland management and restoration theory more rapidly.
Article
Ecology
Jacob E. Lucero, Ragan M. Callaway, Akasha M. Faist, Christopher J. Lortie
Summary: The study found that the invasive plant Bromus tectorum formed strong positive associations with native shrubs, while the broader herbaceous plant community was not positively associated with them. Increasing abundance of B. tectorum corresponded to decreasing native plant abundance, indicating that native shrubs have the potential to facilitate the invasion of this species in non-native ranges.
BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Jenna Braun, Christopher J. Lortie
Summary: Interactions with pollinators are crucial for the structure and function of plant communities, and inter-individual variation plays a role in the sharing of pollinators in visitation networks.
ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Xuejun Yang, Lorena Gomez-Aparicio, Christopher J. Lortie, Miguel Verdu, Lohengrin A. Cavieres, Zhenying Huang, Ruiru Gao, Rong Liu, Yonglan Zhao, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
Summary: This study uses a global database to examine the patterns of plant interactions and their effects on climate. It finds that competition occurs more frequently than facilitation in plant communities worldwide and that plant interactions show weak relationships with latitude and climate. The study highlights competition as a fundamental mechanism structuring plant communities globally.
Article
Ecology
Christopher J. Lortie, Nargol Ghazian, Mario Zuliani
Summary: Seeds and seed banks play a crucial role in plant community theory and experimental design in desert ecosystems. It was observed that the choice of seeding density was often arbitrary and lacked key components needed for calculating seed density in desert experiments, leading to limitations in reproducibility and comparability between studies. A proposed workflow of 5 steps aims to address these challenges by improving data-checking processes and fostering higher levels of consistency and replication in experimental design, ultimately benefiting scientific syntheses for arid ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Susanne Schwinning, Christopher J. Lortie, Todd C. Esque, Lesley A. DeFalco
Summary: These papers highlight the trends in common garden experiments, including the relationship between climate-related traits and fitness optima, as well as discussing various methods for improving common garden studies.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Christopher J. Lortie, Maria Florencia Miguel, Alessandro Filazzola, Harry Scott Butterfield
Summary: This study used meta-analysis to examine the impact of local species richness on restoration outcomes in dryland areas, and found that the most effective restoration outcomes were observed at sites with intermediate to relatively low species richness. Therefore, restoring degraded or low diversity arid grasslands should be prioritized during the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, and plant species richness can serve as a crucial factor in decision-making.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Christopher J. Lortie
Summary: Decisions and judgment are complex processes due to the profound pressures exerted by global change on natural systems. A hierarchical approach is proposed to prioritize interventions based on implementation timing, with protecting first, managing second, and restoring last. This optimization workflow is considered reasonable for addressing various global challenges, not limited to climate mitigation through restoration.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Ecology
C. J. Lortie
Summary: Globally, teaching has undergone significant changes and innovations in the past three years, allowing for more seamless integration of technology and active visual teaching online or in-person. The CREATE pedagogy, originally proposed years ago and recently applied to ecology and evolution courses, offers a framework for engaging students in active reading and critical thinking. This approach not only enhances student engagement in various courses but also has a profound impact on how educators deliver content in lecture settings.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Ramona E. Irimia, Daniel Montesinos, Anurag Chaturvedi, Ian Sanders, Jose L. Hierro, Gaston Sotes, Lohengrin A. Cavieres, Ozkan Eren, Christopher J. Lortie, Kristine French, Adrian Christopher Brennan
Summary: Invasive species have a high capacity to adapt to new environments, resulting in spatial trait variation. We examined the geographic differentiation of phenotypic traits in the invasive Centaurea solstitialis by comparing genetic differentiation and phenotypic differentiation. We found that native plants were more fecund, while non-native plants had larger seed mass. There was little overall genetic differentiation between native and non-native ranges, suggesting rapid evolution has contributed to the success of C. solstitialis.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Ecology
Gareth B. Jenkins, Andrew P. Beckerman, Celine Bellard, Ana Benitez-Lopez, Aaron M. Ellison, Christopher G. Foote, Andrew L. Hufton, Marcus A. Lashley, Christopher J. Lortie, Zhaoxue Ma, Allen J. Moore, Shawn R. Narum, Johan Nilsson, Bridget O'Boyle, Diogo B. Provete, Orly Razgour, Loren Rieseberg, Cynthia Riginos, Luca Santini, Benjamin Sibbett, Pedro R. Peres-Neto
Summary: We urge journals to mandate archiving open data in a user-friendly format for readers. Consistent implementation will allow contributors to receive recognition through open data citation and promote scientific advancements.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Mario Zuliani, Nargol Ghazian, Malory Owen, Michael F. F. Westphal, H. Scott Butterfield, Christopher J. J. Lortie
Summary: Positive associations between animals and foundational shrub species are frequent in desert ecosystems. This study investigated the impact of shrub density on the presence and habitat use of the federally endangered lizard species, Gambelia sila. The findings suggest that both shrub density and shrub cover are key factors for some desert lizards.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)