Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073635
Keywords
cartilage; hyaluronic acid; chondrocytes; silk fibroin; autologous chondrocyte implantation; biomaterials; TGF-β 1
Funding
- Medical Faculty, Kiel University [F359958]
- Department of Anatomy
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [437213841]
- Land Schleswig-Holstein within the funding programs Open Access Publikationsfonds
- [CRC877/A13]
- [125440785-SFB877]
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This study developed a highly tunable hybrid scaffold based on silk fibroin matrix and hyaluronic acid hydrogel, offering superior support for chondrocytes and tissue regeneration. The presence of hyaluronic acid and TGF-beta 1 increased the expression of chondrogenic marker genes and matrix deposition. These hybrid scaffolds demonstrate good cytocompatibility, tunability, and biomechanical properties.
A continuing challenge in cartilage tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration is the creation of a suitable synthetic microenvironment for chondrocytes and tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to develop a highly tunable hybrid scaffold based on a silk fibroin matrix (SM) and a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel. Human articular chondrocytes were embedded in a porous 3-dimensional SM, before infiltration with tyramine modified HA hydrogel. Scaffolds were cultured in chondropermissive medium with and without TGF-beta 1. Cell viability and cell distribution were assessed using CellTiter-Blue assay and Live/Dead staining. Chondrogenic marker expression was detected using qPCR. Biosynthesis of matrix compounds was analyzed by dimethylmethylene blue assay and immuno-histology. Differences in biomaterial stiffness and stress relaxation were characterized using a one-step unconfined compression test. Cell morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Hybrid scaffold revealed superior chondro-inductive and biomechanical properties compared to sole SM. The presence of HA and TGF-beta 1 increased chondrogenic marker gene expression and matrix deposition. Hybrid scaffolds offer cytocompatible and highly tunable properties as cell-carrier systems, as well as favorable biomechanical properties.
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