Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Huarong Chen, Weixin Liu, Yifei Wang, Dabin Liu, Liuyang Zhao, Jun Yu
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in lung epithelial cells, leading to inflammation and interferon/cytokine signaling activation. Severe COVID-19 patients showed increased neutrophil and decreased macrophage counts in lung, along with elevated cytokine expression. Mild patients exhibited normalized neutrophil and macrophage levels, with increased T and NK cell accumulation.
Article
Immunology
Yanchun Peng, Suet Ling Felce, Danning Dong, Frank Penkava, Alexander J. Mentzer, Xuan Yao, Guihai Liu, Zixi Yin, Ji-Li Chen, Yongxu Lu, Dannielle Wellington, Peter A. C. Wing, Delaney C. C. Dominey-Foy, Chen Jin, Wenbo Wang, Megat Abd Hamid, Ricardo A. Fernandes, Beibei Wang, Anastasia Fries, Xiaodong Zhuang, Neil Ashley, Timothy Rostron, Craig Waugh, Paul Sopp, Philip Hublitz, Ryan Beveridge, Tiong Kit Tan, Christina Dold, Andrew J. Kwok, Charlotte Rich-Griffin, Wanwisa Dejnirattisa, Chang Liu, Prathiba Kurupati, Isar Nassiri, Robert A. Watson, Orion Tong, Chelsea A. Taylor, Piyush Kumar Sharma, Bo Sun, Fabiola Curion, Santiago Revale, Lucy C. Garner, Kathrin Jansen, Ricardo C. Ferreira, Moustafa Attar, Jeremy W. Fry, Rebecca A. Russell, Hans J. Stauss, William James, Alain Townsend, Ling-Pei Ho, Paul Klenerman, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin R. Screaton, Calliope Dendrou, Stephen N. Sansom, Rachael Bashford-Rogers, Benny Chain, Geoffrey L. Smith, Jane A. McKeating, Benjamin P. Fairfax, Paul Bowness, Andrew J. McMichael, Graham Ogg, Julian C. Knight, Tao Dong
Summary: Specific CD8(+) T cell responses targeting NP105-113-B*07:02 are associated with mild COVID-19 disease and high antiviral efficacy, providing potential targets for T cell vaccine design. These T cell responses show long-lasting preservation of antiviral functionality post-infection.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Clemens Gutmann, Kseniya Khamina, Konstantinos Theofilatos, Andreas B. Diendorfer, Sean A. Burnap, Adam Nabeebaccus, Matthew Fish, Mark J. W. McPhail, Kevin O'Gallagher, Lukas E. Schmidt, Christian Cassel, Georg Auzinger, Salvatore Napoli, Salma F. Mujib, Francesca Trovato, Barnaby Sanderson, Blair Merrick, Roman Roy, Jonathan D. Edgeworth, Ajay M. Shah, Adrian C. Hayday, Ludwig Traby, Matthias Hackl, Sabine Eichinger, Manu Shankar-Hari, Manuel Mayr
Summary: Research shows that circulating miRNAs from different tissue origins play a crucial role in the severity and prognosis of COVID-19, with miR-133a and miR-122 potentially associated with the risk of mortality in patients.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jacques Demongeot, Cecile Fougere
Summary: The journey of mRNA vaccines began 30 years ago, starting from influenza. It involves encapsulating mRNA encoding viral proteins in lipid particles. In this study, the modification of mRNA encoding S protein for anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is demonstrated. The theoretical possibility of mRNA fragmentation into small RNA sequences that can inhibit important biosynthesis and the impact of liposomal nanoparticles (LNPs) on mRNA biodistribution are discussed. It is important to develop personalized lipid nanoparticles for vaccine administration to avoid adverse effects caused by mRNA fragmentation and inefficient biodistribution. Adapting mRNA to less mutated virus proteins and personalizing administration for high-risk chronic patients is recommended.
Article
Virology
Angelene M. Cantwell, Harinder Singh, Maryann Platt, Yanbao Yu, Yi-Han Lin, Yuji Ikeno, Gene Hubbard, Yan Xiang, Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe, Peter H. Dube
Summary: The study reports a Syrian hamster model that develops severe COVID-19-like disease, showing dynamic innate immune responses and immune pathologies consistent with severe human disease. Using an integrated multiorgan analysis, changes in gene transcription and protein expression over the course of infection were evaluated to provide a kinetic overview of host responses to infection. The model will be valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and testing interventions.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Silvana Valdebenito, Simon Bessis, Djillali Annane, Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison, Elisabeth Cramer-Borde, Brendan Prideaux, Eliseo A. Eugenin, Morgane Bomsel
Summary: SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage in COVID-19 patients is highly heterogeneous, manifesting as hemorrhage, immune infiltration, or a combination of both, leading to loss of alveolar wall integrity, lung tissue detachment, and fibrosis. Pathological analysis revealed a strong immune response in COVID-19 cases, with significant B cell infiltration and poor T cell infiltration, indicating a compromised immune cellular response in these patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zulkar Nain, Shital K. Barman, Md Moinuddin Sheam, Shifath Bin Syed, Abdus Samad, Julian M. W. Quinn, Mohammad Minnatul Karim, Mahbubul Kabir Himel, Rajib Kanti Roy, Mohammad Ali Moni, Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas
Summary: This study investigates the shared genes and signaling pathways between COVID-19 and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and lung cancer, highlighting inflammatory responses as a key factor. It identifies potential biomarkers, regulatory factors, and drug candidates, and suggests that COVID-19 may result in poor outcomes for patients with concurrent conditions.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Isabel Griffin, Kate R. Woodworth, Romeo R. Galang, Veronica K. Burkel, Varsha Neelam, Samantha Siebman, Jerusha Barton, Susan E. Manning, Kathryn Aveni, Nicole D. Longcore, Elizabeth M. Harvey, Van Ngo, Deborah Mbotha, Sarah Chicchelly, Mamie Lush, Valorie Eckert, Paula Dzimira, Ayomide Sokale, Miguel Valencia-Prado, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Adam MacNeil, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Van T. Tong
Summary: The Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mothers and Babies Network conducted longitudinal surveillance of pregnant individuals in the United States with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Among the 6,551 infected pregnant individuals in this analysis, 142 (2.2%) tested positive for RNA >90 days and up to 416 days after infection.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kaushik Sen, Sudeshna Datta, Arup Ghosh, Atimukta Jha, Abdul Ahad, Sanchari Chatterjee, Sandhya Suranjika, Soumya Sengupta, Gargee Bhattacharya, Omprakash Shriwas, Kiran Avula, Jayasingh Kshatri, Punit Prasad, Rajeeb Swain, Ajay K. Parida, Sunil K. Raghav
Summary: This study characterized the immune response in asymptomatic contacts of COVID-19 patients, revealing significant increase in antibodies and cytokines, as well as distinct changes in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell levels and clonotypes compared to infected patients. This provides insights into the nature of protection in asymptomatic contacts.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lorenzo Lupi, Anna Bordin, Gabriele Sales, Davide Colaianni, Adriana Vitiello, Alberto Biscontin, Alberto Reale, Alfredo Garzino-Demo, Angelo Antonini, Giancarlo Ottaviano, Carla Mucignat, Cristina Parolin, Arianna Calistri, Cristiano De Pitta
Summary: COVID-19 is a respiratory syndrome that can cause various symptoms, including deficits in smell and taste. Transcriptome analysis of olfactory mucosa revealed altered gene expression levels in patients with persistent olfactory deficits, with associations with inflammatory response and zinc homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Nicole Grandi, Maria Chiara Erbi, Sante Scognamiglio, Enzo Tramontano
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection modulates the expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) according to the disease stage and immune activation. A total of 282 differentially expressed HERV loci (deHERV) were identified in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, independently of the clinical form. Specific modulation patterns were observed in convalescent and recurrent COVID-19 patients, as well as between these two groups, indicating a tight interplay between HERV and cellular immunity.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan H. Barouch
Summary: This article reviews the protective effects of vaccination and prior infection on severe Covid-19, and proposes future research directions.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Daniele Santoni, Nimisha Ghosh, Carlo Derelitto, Indrajit Saha
Summary: The study focuses on the role of transcription factors (TFs) in COVID-19-induced alteration of gene expression and regulation. 19 human TFs were selected for their potential regulation of human proteins interacting with the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. A comparison of correlation values between TFs and human genes in healthy and COVID-19 patients led to the identification of 31 genes with significant differential regulation. These findings suggest that TFs and these genes could be potential targets to counteract COVID-19 infection. Rating: 8 out of 10.
Review
Immunology
Mehrnoush Hadaddzadeh Shakiba, Ioanna Gemuend, Marc Beyer, Lorenzo Bonaguro
Summary: This mini-review examines the role of T cells in COVID-19, with a particular focus on the local immune response in the lung. The study discusses the reported T cell phenotypes in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, highlighting the protective and damaging roles of the T cell response in lung inflammation and pointing out some unanswered questions in the field.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qin Liu, Qi Su, Fen Zhang, Hein M. Tun, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Susanna So Shan Ng, Jessica Y. L. Ching, Amy Li, Wenqi Lu, Chenyu Liu, Chun Pan Cheung, David S. C. Hui, Paul K. S. Chan, Francis Ka Leung Chan, Siew C. Ng
Summary: By integrating clinical features and multi-omics data, the authors identified specific gut microbiome patterns associated with disease severity and development of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. These findings highlight the potential utility of host phenotype and multi-kingdom microbiota profiling as a prognostic tool for patients with COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Sun, Dingfeng Li, Yanling Hao, Yuwei Zhang, Wenling Fan, Jingjing Fu, Yunzhang Hu, Yong Liu, Yiming Shao
DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Immunology
Jing Sun, Jue Hou, Dingfeng Li, Yong Liu, Ningzhu Hu, Yanling Hao, Jingjing Fu, Yunzhang Hu, Yiming Shao
Article
Immunology
Jing Sun, Jiandong Shi, Jianfang Li, Meini Wu, Yanhan Li, Sengquan Jia, Chunli Ma, Xinyi Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Ningzhu Hu, Yunzhang Hu
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of Kyn as a novel suppressive adjuvant, showing in experiments on NOD mouse model that co-immunization of Kyn with GAD65 phage vaccine can prevent the occurrence of T1D by modulating immune responses and cytokine secretion.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Meini Wu, Xiutao Zhao, Xiaoli Zhu, Jiandong Shi, Lijun Liu, Xinyi Wang, Mengxin Xie, Chunli Ma, Yunzhang Hu, Jing Sun
Summary: Platelet activation is common after infection by various viruses, and the biology of platelet ncRNAs, including lncRNAs and miRNAs, remains largely unexplored. This study characterized the expression profile of human platelets infected with EBV in vitro, revealing changes in a variety of ncRNAs and miRNAs related to GPCR signaling, cell metabolism, and immune responses. A ceRNA network and EBV-related miRNA regulatory network were established, providing insights into the complex regulatory interactions in platelets activated by EBV.
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jiandong Shi, Jing Sun, Ningzhu Hu, Yunzhang Hu
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2020)