Droplet distributions in cotton harvest aid applications vary with the interactions among the unmanned aerial vehicle spraying parameters

A common problem of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) spraying is that fewer droplets could reach the lower layer, and the depositions among the spray width show a significant difference. However, ensuring the pene-tration and uniformity of the spray is particularly important in the cotton harvest aid applications. As a new spraying method, poor droplet penetration and uniformity of droplet distribution may lead to inconsistent defoliation among canopy rows and poor defoliation in the lower part of the cotton canopy. The operational parameters of UAVs have remarkable effects on the droplet distribution, which will improve the defoliation rate of cotton. Therefore, full factorial tests were conducted in two experimental locations in the Xinjiang cotton-producing region in 2018 and 2019. The selected operational parameters in 2018 included the spray volume (three levels: 8.7, 12, and 15 L/ha), droplet size Dv50 (three levels: 100, 150, and 200 ?m), and fight height (three levels: 1, 2, and 3 m). Meanwhile, the operational parameters in 2019 included the spray volume (three levels: 18, 22.5, and 30 L/ha) and droplet size Dv50 (three levels: 100, 150, and 200 ?m). The main effects and interaction effects among the operational parameters were analyzed and discussed. The spray penetration and uniformity of droplet distribution were compared separately. The results show that fight height, spray volume, and droplet size have significant effects on spray penetration. Lowering the fight height of the drone, increasing the spray volume and Dv50 of droplets can improve the distribution of droplets at the bottom of the cotton canopy. As for droplet distribution uniformity, with the increase of the application volume and decrease of the fight height, the uniformity of the droplet distribution becomes worse. The infuence of fight parameters on the uniformity of droplet distribution is very limited.

Automated summary

The study found that the distribution of droplets reaching the bottom of the cotton canopy with UAV spraying can be improved by adjusting flight height, increasing spray volume, and droplet size. However, with an increase in application volume and decrease in flight height, uniformity of droplet distribution may worsen.