Review
Neurosciences
Benjamin J. Ryan, Nisha Charkoudian, Michael J. Joyner
Summary: In recent years, there have been many new approaches to improve physical performance for athletes, the military, and other applications. The goal of this discussion is to review and quantify the potential impact of these approaches using physiological insights. The evaluation ranges from transformative to ineffective or undetermined. For example, an increase of arterial oxygen partial pressure by 10% may not have a significant impact on healthy individuals at sea level, but it could be beneficial at high altitude or for certain patient populations. The importance of quantitative evaluation and the role of integrative physiologists in appraising these approaches are highlighted.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeronimo Aragon-Vela, Olivia Gonzalez-Acevedo, Julio Plaza-Diaz, Rafael A. Casuso, Jesus R. Huertas
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of seawater consumption in long-duration sport events. The results indicate that consuming seawater can accelerate the recovery of aerobic capacity and muscle capacity, while reducing lactate production after running exercise.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana Paula Renno Sierra, Antonio Alves Fontes-Junior, Ines Assis Paz, Cesar Augustus Zocoler de Sousa, Leticia Aparecida da Silva Manoel, Duane Cardoso de Menezes, Vinicius Alves Rocha, Hermes Vieira Barbeiro, Heraldo Possolo de Souza, Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
Summary: Inadequate nutrient intakes, such as low carbohydrate and calcium intakes, are associated with higher fat mass. High sucrose and sodium intakes are associated with elevated levels of BDNF. Adequate carbohydrate intake after exercise promotes higher levels of myostatin and musclin, while inadequate intakes lead to lower levels of IL-15 and BDNF. High cholesterol and low fiber intakes are associated with lower levels of irisin and apelin.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wensheng Xiao, Soh Kim Geok, Xiaorong Bai, Te Bu, Mohd Rozilee Norjali Wazir, Othman Talib, Wenfang Liu, Chongjiang Zhan
Summary: This systematic review investigates the effects of exercise training on physical fitness among young tennis players. The results indicate that exercise training significantly improves speed and agility in young tennis players. There is a lack of evidence regarding the effects on strength and flexibility, and conflicting evidence regarding power and endurance. Future research should focus on gender differences.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Hannah F. Sangan, James G. Hopker, Glen Davison, Shaun J. McLaren
Summary: The study assessed the reliability and construct validity of a self-paced, submaximal run test (SRTRPE) for monitoring aerobic fitness. Results showed large correlations between SRTRPE parameters and VO2max, with the highest reliability observed at intensity RPE 17.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francisco Javier Martinez Noguera, Cristian Marin-Pagan, Linda H. Chung, Pedro E. Alcaraz
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in oxygen metabolism, acid-base status, and electrolytes in well-trained cyclists during the off-season. The results showed an increase in oxygen saturation and oxyhemoglobin, a decrease in fat oxidation, and a decrease in VO2 at the ventilatory threshold 2 and maximum oxygen consumption. Negative correlations were found between the changes in fat oxidation and bicarbonate ion, as well as between the changes in functional power threshold and VO2MAX with pH levels.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alan Ruddock, Lachlan James, Duncan French, David Rogerson, Matthew Driller, David Hembrough
Summary: Combat sports have a long history and are now a dominant sport at the Olympic games, with both amateur and professional levels. The increasing popularity of professional combat sports has sparked scientific studies on the physical demands and training strategies for athletes. Researchers aim to help athletes develop high-intensity capabilities and provide guidance for coaches and scientists in preparing athletes for competition.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Angelica C. Titotto, Maira M. Santos, Gabriel V. Ramos, Milena dos S. Adao, Guilherme V. Benvenuto, Luciana C. C. De Lacerda, Julio A. N. Lisboa, Jose C. Lacerda-Neto
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of LMS-guided training on horses' homeostasis. The results showed that the LMS-guided training program had a positive impact on the horses' acid-base status, but further adaptations are needed to improve their fitness.
Article
Sport Sciences
Remzi Satiroglu, Sophie Lalande, Sungmo Hong, Mercedes J. Nagel, Edward F. Coyle
Summary: Training at near-maximal anaerobic power during cycling is effective in improving oxygen consumption, maximal anaerobic power, and total blood volume in young healthy individuals, indicating the potential for significant enhancements with minimal exercise time.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Santiago A. Ruiz-Alias, Javier Olaya-Cuartero, Alberto A. Nancupil-Andrade, Felipe Garcia-Pinillos
Summary: This study determines the relationship between critical power (CP) in running and anaerobic threshold, respiratory compensation point (RCP), and maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2)max) in high-caliber athletes. The results show that CP and RCP represent the same boundary in these athletes, allowing coaches and athletes to easily determine the perturbance threshold.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Przemyslaw Seweryn Kasiak, Szczepan Wiecha, Igor Cieslinski, Tim Takken, Jacek Lach, Marcin Lewandowski, Marcin Barylski, Artur Mamcarz, Daniel Sliz
Summary: This study aimed to externally validate HRmax prediction models in endurance athletes for running and cycling, and found that these models had limited accuracy and presented inaccuracies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qi Wei
Summary: This paper aimed to explore the association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 (Gly482Ser) polymorphism and muscle fitness in Chinese schoolchildren. Various physical fitness tests were conducted, including strength, jumping, and muscle endurance, and DNA typing was performed using saliva samples. The results suggested a possible association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 (Gly482Ser) polymorphism and myofibril type-related phenotypes in Han Chinese children, particularly impacting girls.
Article
Biology
Francisco Javier Martinez-Noguera, Alessio Cabizosu, Cristian Marin-Pagan, Pedro E. Alcaraz
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different environmental temperatures (17 and 28 degrees C) on body surface temperature in international walkers. The results showed that the increase in ambient temperature resulted in uneven temperature changes in different anatomical zones of the body.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Hamza Marzouki, Rached Dridi, Ibrahim Ouergui, Okba Selmi, Rania Mbarki, Roudaina Klai, Ezdine Bouhlel, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle
Summary: This study compared the effects of short-term surface-type plyometric training (PT) on the physical fitness of schoolchildren of both sexes. The results showed that both firm and sand surfaces resulted in improved physical fitness performances in schoolchildren, with no significant differences between surface type and gender.
Article
Physiology
Tamara Iturriaga, Thomas Yvert, Isabel M. Sanchez-Lorente, Ignacio Diez-Vega, Valentin E. Fernandez-Elias, Lara Sanchez-Barroso, Diego Dominguez-Balmaseda, Mar Larrosa, Margarita Perez-Ruiz, Catalina Santiago
Summary: The study compared the acute S alpha Kl response to different exercise interventions in healthy, physically active men, and found that while plasma alpha-klotho levels increased in response to a single bout of cardiorespiratory exercise, they decreased immediately after strength exercise with levels being elevated again after 24 hours, indicating different klotho protein responses to different forms of exercise.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Olli-Pekka Nuuttila, Pekka Matomaki, Heikki Kyrolainen, Ari Nummela
Summary: This study examined the predictive quality of intervals performed at maximal sustainable effort to predict 3-km and 10-km running times. Changes in interval performance and associated changes in running performance were investigated. Results showed that maximal sustainable effort intervals can accurately predict 3-km and 10-km running performance and monitor training adaptations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alice D. LaGoy, William R. Conkright, Felix Proessl, Aaron M. Sinnott, Meaghan E. Beckner, Leslie Jabloner, Shawn R. Eagle, Nicole M. Sekel, Peter G. Roma, Michael N. Dretsch, Shawn D. Flanagan, Qi Mi, Bradley C. Nindl, Anne Germain, Christopher Connaboy, Fabio Ferrarelli
Summary: This study examined the role of individual differences in baseline sleep on baseline physical performance and on changes in physical performance during exposure to simulated military operational stress. The results suggest that higher daytime sleepiness and slow wave activity may reflect more chronic exposure to insufficient sleep and higher baseline sleep drive, which in turn compromise physical performance.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Tommi Ojanen, Kai Pihlainen, Jani P. Vaara, Heikki Kyroelaeinen
Summary: This study found that the role of explosive power decreased and military specific aerobic endurance increased with an increase in task repetitions. These findings have important implications for optimizing training to improve military occupational performance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kellen T. Krajewski, Camille C. Johnson, Nizam U. Ahamed, Gavin L. Moir, Qi Mi, Shawn D. Flanagan, William J. Anderst, Chris Connaboy
Summary: Optimal motor control in gait variability is crucial for stable and adaptable movement. Load carriage and forced-marching are common perturbations that affect gait and are associated with a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in military populations. This study investigated the effects of load magnitude, locomotion pattern, sex, and task duration on motor variability, stride regulation, and spatiotemporal complexity during gait in recruit-aged adults.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Akseli Laaksi, Ilkka Laaksi, Harri Pihlajamaki, Jani P. Vaara, Tiina Luukkaala, Heikki Kyrolainen
Summary: The present study examined the association of serum 25(OH)D levels with physical performance outcomes and serum levels of anabolic hormones in young men. The results showed a positive association between serum 25(OH)D levels and both aerobic and muscular fitness. Participants with sufficient levels of vitamin D also had higher levels of testosterone. Maintaining a sufficient serum 25(OH)D level may have beneficial effects on physical performance and anabolic state in young men.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Pekka Matomaki, Olli J. J. Heinonen, Ari Nummela, Jari Laukkanen, Eero-Pekka Auvinen, Leena Pirkola, Heikki Kyrolainen
Summary: This intervention study examined the effects of low-intensity and high-intensity endurance training on durability. The results showed that both types of training improved durability by reducing physiological drifts and delaying their onset, as well as by changing physiological strain. However, these improvements may not be significant for untrained individuals.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Paavo Nylanden, Mikko Virmavirta, Roope Sovelius, Heikki Kyrolainen, Tuomas Honkanen
Summary: Fighter pilots must withstand high Gz-forces that can damage the cervical spine. However, there is very little evidence on valid neck muscle strength measurement methods for fighter pilots. This study aimed to examine the validity of a commercial force gauge attached to a pilot's helmet for measuring isometric neck muscle strength.
AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Nicole M. Sekel, Meaghan E. Beckner, William R. Conkright, Alice D. LaGoy, Felix Proessl, Mita Lovalekar, Brian J. Martin, Leslie R. Jabloner, Alaska L. Beck, Shawn R. Eagle, Michael Dretsch, Peter G. Roma, Fabio Ferrarelli, Anne Germain, Shawn D. Flanagan, Christopher Connaboy, Amy J. Haufler, Bradley C. Nindl
Summary: Laboratory-based studies have consistently shown negative effects on warfighter's performance under simulated military stress. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 48-hour simulated military stress on military tactical decision making, with results indicating that high adaptors demonstrated better baseline psychological resilience and aerobic capacity compared to low adaptors.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Tommi Ojanen, Kai Pihlainen, Jussi Yli-Renko, Jani P. Vaara, Tarja Nykanen, Risto Heikkinen, Heikki Kyrolainen
Summary: This study aimed to observe the effects of a 36-hour recovery period on serum hormone concentrations, salivary cortisol, and marksmanship during a 10-day winter military survival training. The results showed that the recovery period attenuated the negative effects of the training and improved shooting performance. Therefore, appropriate recovery periods should be implemented to optimize occupational performance in high-stress environments.
BMC SPORTS SCIENCE MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mikko Myllyla, Kai I. Parkkola, Tommi Ojanen, Olli J. Heinonen, Juha-Petri Ruohola, Tero Vahlberg, Heikki Kyrolainen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a 12-month voluntary motivational training intervention among Finnish Defence Forces' (FDF) Navy soldiers. The results suggest that long-term voluntary training interventions may not be as successful as short-term supervised interventions. Additionally, the participants' motivation to exercise is a key factor for improving physical fitness among military personnel.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ella-Erika Soderlund, Heikki Kyrolainen, Outi M. Laitinen-Vapaavuori, Heli K. Hyytiainen
Summary: This study aims to describe a simple, easy-to-repeat, and inexpensive method for testing the intervention effects of training on endurance fitness in young Labrador Retrievers. Client-owned 16-week-old Labrador Retrievers will be divided into test and control groups. The test group will undergo an eight-week training program followed by a four-week detraining period, while the control group will live a normal puppy life. The dogs will be tested for endurance fitness four times at four-week intervals, evaluating changes in heart rate, blood lactate, heart rate recovery times, and running times.
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tommi Ojanen, Kai Pihlainen, Jani P. Vaara, Heikki Kyrolainen
Summary: The present study examined the changes in physiological, mental, and physical performance during a 20-day winter military training course and the subsequent 10-day recovery period. The study included 58 male soldiers who underwent measurements of body composition, serum biomarker levels, and performance tests. The results showed significant declines in body and fat mass, physical performance variables, testosterone, and IGF-1 concentrations, while sex hormone-binding globulin, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein values increased. Although some physical performance variables returned to baseline after the recovery period, explosive force production in the upper and lower bodies remained unrecovered.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Richard Viking Lundell, Tommi Ojanen
Summary: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful method to study the autonomic nervous system (ANS) status. This study aimed to review the human ANS responses in cold water diving and summarize the existing knowledge of HRV studies in diving and hyperbaric exposure. A literature search identified 26 articles meeting the criteria, suggesting that cold water strengthens the ANS responses of diving, particularly parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. Cold and pressure-induced centralization of blood play a role in this response, with predominant PNS activity observed during water immersion and increased ambient pressure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH
(2023)