Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Thiago dos Reis Araujo, Camila Lubaczeuski, Everardo Magalhaes Carneiro
Summary: Rapid changes in food processing and reduced physical activity have led to a global increase in overweight and obese individuals. Interestingly, this has occurred even in low and middle-income countries where undernutrition is prevalent. This coexistence of malnutrition patterns is known as double burden malnutrition (DBM).
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shiyang Song, Chih-Liang Tien, Hao Cui, Paul Basil, Ningxia Zhu, Yingyun Gong, Wenbo Li, Hui Li, Qiying Fan, Jong Min Choi, Weijia Luo, Yanfeng Xue, Rui Cao, Wenjun Zhou, Andrea R. Ortiz, Brittany Stork, Vatsala Mundra, Nagireddy Putluri, Brian York, Maoping Chu, Jiang Chang, Sung Yun Jung, Liang Xie, Jiangping Song, Lilei Zhang, Zheng Sun
Summary: This study investigates the function of cardiac Rev-erb in heart diseases and the relationship between cardiac molecular clock dysfunction and the progression of naturally occurring human heart diseases. The researchers found that Rev-erb knockout in mice leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. They also discovered the role of cardiac molecular clock in the obesity paradox and found altered temporal patterns of cardiac Rev-erb gene expression in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy. The findings suggest that targeting myocardial bioenergetics downstream of Rev-erb may be a potential approach for treating heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John D. Sluyter, Lindsay D. Plank, Elaine C. Rush
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of anthropometric parameters and visceral fat mass (VFM) to predict MetS. VFM was estimated using DXA and non-anthropometric metabolic risk factors were defined using MetS criteria. The results showed that measures other than waist circumference (WC), or in combination with WC, could improve the detection of MetS risk factors.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jawad H. Butt, Mark C. Petrie, Pardeep S. Jhund, Naveed Sattar, Akshay S. Desai, Lars Kober, Jean L. Rouleau, Karl Swedberg, Michael R. Zile, Scott D. Solomon, Milton Packer, John J. McMurray
Summary: This study found that newer anthropometric measures such as waist-to-height ratio, rather than body mass index (BMI), accurately predicted the risk of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure. The study also showed a positive correlation between waist-to-height ratio and higher levels of obesity, as well as increased risk of heart failure hospitalization.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Wenxin Wang, Manli Hu, Hui Liu, Xingyuan Zhang, Haomiao Li, Feng Zhou, Ye-Mao Liu, Fang Lei, Jun-Juan Qin, Yan-Ci Zhao, Ze Chen, Weifang Liu, Xiaohui Song, Xuewei Huang, Lihua Zhu, Yan-Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Zhi-Gang She, Juan Yang, Hailong Yang, Jinging Cai, Hongliang Li
Summary: Metabolic risk factors have become the main driver of ischemic heart disease (IHD), with global IHD-related death cases steadily increasing while mortality rates decline. Effective measures are urgently needed to control metabolic risk factors in order to prevent further increases in IHD-related deaths.
Article
Cell Biology
Nicholas W. S. Chew, Cheng Han Ng, Darren Jun Hao Tan, Gwyneth Kong, Chaoxing Lin, Yip Han Chin, Wen Hui Lim, Daniel Q. Huang, Jingxuan Quek, Clarissa Elysia Fu, Jieling Xiao, Nicholas Syn, Roger Foo, Chin Meng Khoo, Jiong-Wei Wang, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Dan Yock Young, Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui, Carolyn S. P. Lam, Yibin Wang, Gemma A. Figtree, Mark Y. Chan, David E. Cummings, Mazen Noureddin, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Ronald Ching Wan Ma, Christos S. Mantzoros, Arun Sanyal, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
Summary: Global estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 reveal increasing prevalence rates for metabolic diseases, particularly in high socio-demographic index countries. While mortality rates have decreased for some metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, rates remain unchanged for type 2 diabetes mel-litus and obesity. The highest mortality rates are observed in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean region and low to low-middle socio-demographic index countries.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bum Ju Lee, Mi Hong Yim
Summary: Both anthropometric and body composition indices are associated with metabolic risk factors, but anthropometric indices such as waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference are generally better predictors for certain risk factors, particularly in men for hypertension and hyperlipidemia with regards to waist-to-height ratio, and in women for diabetes and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia with regards to waist circumference.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saurabh Singh, Neha Shri, Akancha Singh
Summary: Amidst rapid urbanization and economic shifts, the global landscape is witnessing an increase in overweight and obese individuals, while child malnutrition remains a significant public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries. This study focuses on India and explores the prevalence and disparities of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) related to wealth. The findings suggest that C-section births, affluence, ongoing breastfeeding practices, advanced maternal age, larger household sizes, and abdominal obesity in women are associated with a higher risk of DBM. Additionally, geographical disparities and abdominal obesity play a significant role in the inequality of DBM prevalence. The study highlights the need for dual-purpose strategies and innovative actions to address the complex challenges posed by the dual burden of malnutrition.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiao Hu, Hongru Jiang, Huijun Wang, Bing Zhang, Jiguo Zhang, Xiaofang Jia, Liusen Wang, Zhihong Wang, Gangqiang Ding
Summary: This study found a high prevalence of intraindividual double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and dietary micronutrient deficiency among Chinese children and adolescents, with a significant portion of the subjects experiencing overweight/obesity and inadequate intake of micronutrients from their diet.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anh Kim Dang, Mai Tuyet Truong, Huong Thi Le, Khan Cong Nguyen, Mai Bach Le, Lam Thi Nguyen, Khanh Nam Do, Lan Huong Thi Nguyen, Abdullah A. Mamun, Dung Phung, Phong K. Thai
Summary: Recent studies have shown that using international guidelines to diagnose metabolic syndrome (MetS) may underestimate its prevalence in different Asian populations. This study aims to determine the validity of anthropometric indicators and appropriate cut-off values to predict MetS for Vietnamese adults. The results suggest that health personnel in Vietnam should apply lower thresholds of anthropometry, which are more suitable for the local population, in order to avoid under-diagnosis.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
V. V. Zanuncio, C. M. N. O. Sediyama, M. M. Dias, G. M. Nascimento, M. C. Pessoa, P. F. Pereira, M. R. Silva, K. J. Segheto, G. Z. Longo
Summary: The study confirmed the association between neck circumference (NC) and metabolic syndrome, establishing NC cut-off points for predicting metabolic syndrome. NC is a cost-effective anthropometric measurement that can estimate subcutaneous fat in the upper body and is related to cardiometabolic risks. Increased NC was found to be an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome burden, especially in women, with specific cut-off points for both genders identified for predicting metabolic syndrome.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Han Shi Jocelyn Chew, Wee Ling Koh, Janelle Shaina Hui Yi Ng, Ker Kan Tan
Summary: This review examined the effects of weight management smartphone apps on anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary outcomes. The results showed that these apps were effective in initiating and sustaining weight loss between 3 and 12 months, but their effects on secondary outcomes were minimal. Most of the included studies covered app-based interventions with components beyond food logging, such as real-time diet and exercise self-monitoring.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qiyu Li, Pengbo Wang, Guangxiao Li, Ye Chang, Xiaofan Guo, Yingxian Sun, Xingang Zhang
Summary: This study selected six easily measurable and calculable anthropometric indices and evaluated their associations with the onset of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The results showed that an increase in all six indices was associated with a higher risk of MetS, with waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHtR) changes being the strongest predictors. An increase of 5 cm in WC and 0.025 in WHtR were recommended as the optimal cut-offs for MetS prediction.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
C. Dave, N. Agarwal, R. Patel, R. Shukla, Anurag Bajpai
Summary: A significant proportion of obese children and adolescents do not experience metabolic complications, with birth weight and family history of type 2 diabetes being the only predictors of complications. Further research is needed to identify potential intervention targets.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Soroush Moradi, Amirhossein Parsaei, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Armin Aryannejad, Sina Azadnajafabad, Negar Rezaei, Baharnaz Mashinchi, Zahra Esfahani, Parnian Shobeiri, Nazila Rezaei, Mohsen Naghavi, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar
Summary: This study aimed to report the estimated burden of metabolic risk factors in Iran from 1990 to 2019. The study found divergent patterns and disparities in different regions, sex, and age groups for each risk factor, providing policymakers with a clearer vision for decision-making and resource allocation to prevent the burden of metabolic risk factors in Iran.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Harshpal S. Sachdev, G. Bhanuprakash Reddy, Raghu Pullakhandam, Santu Ghosh, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Anura V. Kurpad
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Mohamad Tarik, Lakshmy Ramakrishnan, Sikha Sinha, H. P. S. Sachdev, Nikhil Tandon, Ambuj Roy, Santosh Kumar Bhargava
Summary: This study found that birth weight and BMI are associated with cellular senescence in adulthood. Small birth size is linked to accelerated cellular senescence in adult life, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
S. Ghosh, T. Thomas, A. Kurpad, H. S. Sachdev
Summary: The study found that high body iron status is associated with non-communicable diseases in adolescents, depending on wealth and co-existing prediabetes. This has important implications for iron intake in anemia prevention programs and the relationship between NCD and body iron stores should be studied.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Santu Ghosh, Tinku Thomas, Raghu Pullakhandam, Krishnapillai Madhavan Nair, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Anura Kurpad
Summary: This article proposes a framework for micronutrient fortification, suggesting that the targeted median nutrient intake should be set at the Estimated Average Requirement to avoid risks of inadequacy and excess intake.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nirupama Shivakumar, Tinku Thomas, Sarita Devi, Farook Jahoor, Anura V. Kurpad
Summary: This study found that children with stunting and EED have higher total energy expenditure, but metabolic rate is not associated with stunting or EED.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sindhu Kashyap, H. Rajashekar Reddy Bellam, Thomas Preston, Sarita Devi, Anura Kurpad
Summary: The digestible indispensable amino acid score uses ileal digestibility of each indispensable amino acid (IAA) of a dietary protein to calculate its protein quality. However, true ileal digestibility is difficult to measure in humans. A recent minimally invasive dual isotope tracer technique is now available to measure true IAA digestibility, allowing for measurement in humans across different age groups and physiological conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nirupama Shivakumar, Sindhu Kashyap, Farook Jahoor, Sarita Devi, Thomas Preston, Tinku Thomas, Anura V. Kurpad
Summary: This study evaluated the systemic availability of algal and legume indispensable amino acids (IAAs) in children with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), and found that it did not correlate with linear growth.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ramachandran Thiruvengadam, Bapu Koundinya Desiraju, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Shinjini Bhatnagar
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jewel Gausman, Sowmya Ramesh, Richard M. Adanu, Delia A. B. Bandoh, Jeff Blossom, Suchandrima Chakraborty, Ernest Kenu, Nizamuddin Khan, Ana Langer, Magdalene A. Odikro, Niranjan Saggurti, R. Rima Jolivet
Summary: A global shortage of midwifery professionals is hindering the goal of reducing preventable maternal and newborn mortality. This study compares two measures of midwifery workforce adequacy and explores how incorporating midwifery scope and competency affects the results. The findings show that varying parameters significantly impact the estimates and factoring in competency greatly affects the coverage of midwifery professionals.
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Ankita Mondal, Anura Kurpad
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrew A. Hills, Shane A. Norris, Nuala M. Byrne, Sisitha J. Jayasinghe, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Leila I. Cheikh Ismail, Anura Kurpad, Rebecca Kuriyan, Lukhanyo H. Nyati, Ina S. Santos, Caroline S. Costa, V. Pujitha Wickramasinghe, M. Nishani Lucas, Christine Slater, Ayesha Yameen, Shabina Ariff
Summary: Providing the best start to life for all infants is a challenging goal. Historically, size and shape have been used to measure physical growth, but less is known about the quality of growth in terms of body composition during infancy. Advances in body composition assessment have increased our understanding, but global reference charts for healthy infants have been lacking.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Aakriti Gupta, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Umesh Kapil, Shyam Prakash, Ravindra Mohan Pandey, Priti Rishi Lal
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and causes of anemia among adolescent girls in a specific region of India. The results showed that deficiency of iron and folate increased with the severity of anemia. The current iron and folic acid program was found to be effective in alleviating moderate and mild anemia among adolescent girls.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tattari Shalini, Raghu Pullakhandam, Santu Ghosh, Bharati Kulkarni, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Anura V. Kurpad, Geereddy Bhanuprakash Reddy
Summary: There is a high prevalence of vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency among Indian children and adolescents, especially in adolescents. Although there are regional variations, there are no rural-urban differences. These findings suggest the need for further investigation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sucharita Sambashivaiah, Mark Cope, Ratna Mukherjea, Sumithra Selvam, Nivya George, Rebecca Kuriyan, Anura V. Kurpad
Summary: Milk and legumes are good sources of protein foods used to maintain muscle mass, but their effects on blood sugar stability and energy metabolism may vary. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of whey and soy protein on blood sugar stability, energy metabolism, and satiety. The results showed that whey protein had a greater insulinogenic response than soy protein at higher doses, but there were no differences in blood glucose response between the two protein sources or doses. Overall, whey and soy protein were equally effective in terms of blood sugar stability at lower doses.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)