Journal
DIABETES
Volume 70, Issue 8, Pages 1794-1806Publisher
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/db21-0136
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Funding
- Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
- University of Melbourne Neuroscience Interdisciplinary (MNI) seed grant
- Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation 2019 Project Grant
- St. Vincent's Research Foundation
- JDRF
- Diabetes Australia Research Trust/Program
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
- Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation
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In this study, it was found that long-chain omega-3 fatty acid supplements have neuroregenerative effects on peripheral nerves in type 1 diabetes patients, indicating a potential role in modulating nerve health.
This randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of oral omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on peripheral nerves in type 1 diabetes. Participants with type 1 diabetes were assigned (1:1) to n-3 (1,800 mg/day fish oil) or placebo (600 mg/day olive oil) supplements for 180 days. The primary outcome was change from baseline in central corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) at day 180. Secondary outcomes included change in other corneal nerve parameters, corneal sensitivity, peripheral small and large nerve fiber function, and ocular surface measures. Efficacy was analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Safety assessments included diabetic retinopathy grade and adverse events. Between July 2017 and September 2019, 43 participants received n-3 (n = 21) or placebo (n = 22) supplements. All participants, except for two assigned to placebo, completed the trial. At day 180, the estimated increase in CNFL in the n-3 group, compared with placebo, was 2.70 mm/mm(2) (95% CI 1.64, 3.75). The Omega-3 Index increased relative to placebo (3.3% [95% CI 2.4, 4.2]). There were no differences in most small or large nerve fiber functional parameters. Adverse events were similar between groups. In conclusion, we found in this randomized controlled trial that long-chain n-3 supplements impart corneal neuroregenerative effects in type 1 diabetes, indicating a role in modulating peripheral nerve health.
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