Article
Immunology
Simin Jamaly, Maria G. Tsokos, Rhea Bhargava, Olga R. Brook, Jonathan L. Hecht, Reza Abdi, Vaishali R. Moulton, Abhigyan Satyam, George C. Tsokos
Summary: Acute and chronic kidney failure are common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but the exact mechanism and risk factors are not well understood. Research suggests that the activation of complement and high expression levels of certain molecules play a significant role in kidney injury in COVID-19, providing a strong rationale for exploring inhibitors of these molecules for potential treatment.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhongnan Qin, Fengming Liu, Robert Blair, Chenxiao Wang, Haoran Yang, Joseph Mudd, Joshua M. Currey, Naoki Iwanaga, Jibao He, Ren Mi, Kun Han, Cecily C. Midkiff, Mohammad Afaque Alam, Bertal H. Aktas, Richard S. Vander Heide, Ronald Veazey, Giovanni Piedimonte, Nicholas J. Maness, Suleyman Ergun, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Jay Rappaport, Jay K. Kolls, Xuebin Qin
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18 mice results in severe COVID-19 symptoms, including body weight loss, lung inflammation, perivascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. The infection also leads to immune activation and vascular abnormalities in the lungs, suggesting a possible link between endotheliitis and severe COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Myoung Hwa Lee, Daniel P. Perl, Joseph Steiner, Nicholas Pasternack, Wenxue Li, Dragan Maric, Farinaz Safavi, Iren Horkayne-Szakaly, Robert Jones, Michelle N. Stram, Joel T. Moncur, Marco Hefti, Rebecca D. Folkerth, Avindra Nath
Summary: This autopsy study reveals the underlying mechanisms of brain microvascular pathology in patients with COVID-19, including vascular leakage, platelet aggregation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal injury, which are likely initiated by antibody-mediated cytotoxicity against brain endothelial cells.
Article
Immunology
Silvana Valdebenito, Simon Bessis, Djillali Annane, Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison, Elisabeth Cramer-Borde, Brendan Prideaux, Eliseo A. Eugenin, Morgane Bomsel
Summary: SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage in COVID-19 patients is highly heterogeneous, manifesting as hemorrhage, immune infiltration, or a combination of both, leading to loss of alveolar wall integrity, lung tissue detachment, and fibrosis. Pathological analysis revealed a strong immune response in COVID-19 cases, with significant B cell infiltration and poor T cell infiltration, indicating a compromised immune cellular response in these patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kishor Devalaraja-Narashimha, Peter J. Ehmann, Cong Huang, Qin Ruan, Matthew F. Wipperman, Theodore Kaplan, Chien Liu, Simisola Afolayan, David J. Glass, Scott Mellis, George D. Yancopoulos, Jennifer D. Hamilton, Scott MacDonnell, Sara C. Hamon, Anita Boyapati, Lori Morton
Summary: This study aimed to assess the levels of complement activation products and full-length proteins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and evaluated whether complement pathway markers are associated with outcomes. The results showed that all complement pathways were activated in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and were correlated with multi-organ dysfunction and inflammatory injury. Specific complement pathway components were identified as prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Fernanda Paula R. Santana, Fernanda Thevenard, Kaio S. Gomes, Laura Taguchi, Niels Olsen S. Camara, Roberta S. Stilhano, Rodrigo P. Ureshino, Carla Maximo Prado, Joao Henrique Ghilardi Lago
Summary: This review highlights the effects of flavonoids in controlling pulmonary diseases, particularly acute respiratory distress syndrome, and their potential use in coronavirus-related diseases. Furthermore, the relationship between biological potential and chemical aspects of related flavonoids is discussed, along with possible mechanisms of action on COVID-19.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mohammad Ali Moni, Julian M. W. Quinn, Nese Sinmaz, Matthew A. Summers
Summary: The study identified key gene expression pathways altered with infection of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 through comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis, including comparisons with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as influenza A strains. Validation of SARS-CoV-2 infection response genes as disease-associated and identification of signaling pathway concordance between lung cell and blood cell infection responses were also highlighted in the research.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Ainhoa Hernandez, Marc Boigues, Eudald Felip, Marc Cucurull, Lucia Notario, Anna Pous, Pere Torres, Marta Benitez, Marina Rodriguez, Bibiana Quirant, Margarita Romeo, Daniel Fuster, Teresa Moran
Summary: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, lung cancer patients were prioritized for vaccination and showed good immune response to the vaccines with low infection rates and mild clinical course. Vaccine-related adverse events were minimal in this population.
Article
Immunology
Antonio Arenas, Carmen Borge, Alfonso Carbonero, Ignacio Garcia-Bocanegra, David Cano-Terriza, Javier Caballero, Antonio Arenas-Montes
Summary: After a year of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, there is still no specific effective treatment, so finding pharmacological and immunological mechanisms to control the infection is important. Using cow's milk immune to BCoV as a possible control measure against COVID-19, due to the close phylogenetic relationship between COVID-19 and BCoV viruses, can help with specific immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Chiara Agostinis, Alessandro Mangogna, Andrea Balduit, Azin Aghamajidi, Giuseppe Ricci, Uday Kishore, Roberta Bulla
Summary: COVID-19 is characterized by multiple organ failure due to virus-induced injury, accompanied by inflammatory reactions and prothrombotic coagulopathy; pregnant women contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection are more vulnerable to developing pre-eclampsia (PE); C inhibitors targeting C3 or MASP-2 offer promising options for treating both COVID-19 and consequent PE.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Bariaa A. Khalil, Sarra B. Shakartalla, Swati Goel, Bushra Madkhana, Rabih Halwani, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Habiba AlSafar, Basem Al-Omari, Mohammad T. Al Bataineh
Summary: This review examines the role of cytokines and chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 and its predecessors, highlighting the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators associated with disease severity. It also discusses potential treatment strategies targeting these factors.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nazanin Aghamohamadi, Faezeh Shahba, Ali Zarezadeh Mehrabadi, Hossein Khorramdelazad, Milad Karimi, Reza Falak, Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause severe symptoms and complications in various organs, including the liver. Liver injury in COVID-19 patients is associated with abnormal liver function, immune dysfunction, cytokine storm, and therapeutic regimens. The impact of age and immune-mediated responses on liver injury in different age groups is still unclear. This review focuses on cytokine alterations and discusses the association between immune system responses and liver injury in COVID-19 patients of different ages.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hin Chu, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Yixin Wang, Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen, Yue Chai, Huiping Shuai, Dong Yang, Bingjie Hu, Xiner Huang, Xi Zhang, Yuxin Hou, Jian-Piao Cai, Anna Jinxia Zhang, Jie Zhou, Shuofeng Yuan, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, Tan To Cheung, Ada Tsui-Lin Ng, Ivy Hau-Yee Chan, Ian Yu-Hong Wong, Simon Ying-Kit Law, Dominic Chi-Chung Foo, Wai-Keung Leung, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 could infect and replicate in human intestinal tissues ex vivo, but not in liver and kidney tissues. SARS-CoV-2 replicated less efficiently than SARS-CoV in human intestinal tissues, causing less cytopathology and inducing a more robust innate immune response.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan H. Barouch
Summary: This article reviews the protective effects of vaccination and prior infection on severe Covid-19, and proposes future research directions.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haneen Imad Abufares, Leen Oyoun Alsoud, Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah, Mohd Shara, Nelson C. Soares, Karem H. Alzoubi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Yasser Bustanji, Sameh S. M. Soliman, Mohammad H. Semreen
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global crises, and the development of vaccines has become a collaborative effort worldwide. WHO-approved vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective, enhancing immune response and reducing the risk of infection. However, the type of vaccine and individual health status have significant impacts on immune responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Gaurav Khatri, Priyadarshani R. Bhosale, Jessica B. Robbins, Esma A. Akin, Susan M. Ascher, Olga R. Brook, Mark Dassel, Phyllis Glanc, Tara L. Henrichsen, Lee A. Learman, Elizabeth A. Sadowski, Carl J. Saphier, Ashish P. Wasnik, Katherine E. Maturen
Summary: Scrotal abnormalities can be caused by various disorders, and diagnosis usually involves clinical examination and imaging. Ultrasound is the preferred diagnostic modality, while MRI may be suitable for certain patients with large scrotal masses.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Aditya Karandikar, Agnieszka Solberg, Alice Fung, Amie Y. Lee, Amina Farooq, Amy C. Taylor, Amy Oliveira, Anand Narayan, Andi Senter, Aneesa Majid, Angela Tong, Anika L. McGrath, Anjali Malik, Ann Leylek Brown, Anne Roberts, Arthur Fleischer, Beth Vettiyil, Beth Zigmund, Brian Park, Bruce Curran, Cameron Henry, Camilo Jaimes, Cara Connolly, Caroline Robson, Carolyn C. Meltzer, Catherine H. Phillips, Christine Dove, Christine Glastonbury, Christy Pomeranz, Claudia F. E. Kirsch, Constantine M. Burgan, Courtney Scher, Courtney Tomblinson, Cristina Fuss, Cynthia Santillan, Dania Daye, Daniel B. Brown, Daniel J. Young, Daniel Kopans, Daniel Vargas, Dann Martin, David Thompson, David W. Jordan, Deborah Shatzkes, Derek Sun, Domenico Mastrodicasa, Elainea Smith, Elena Korngold, Elizabeth H. Dibble, Elizabeth K. Arleo, Elizabeth M. Hecht, Elizabeth Morris, Elizabeth P. Maltin, Erin A. Cooke, Erin Simon Schwartz, Evan Lehrman, Faezeh Sodagari, Faisal Shah, Florence X. Doo, Francesca Rigiroli, George K. Vilanilam, Gina Landinez, Grace Gwe-Ya Kim, Habib Rahbar, Hailey Choi, Harmanpreet Bandesha, Haydee Ojeda-Fournier, Ichiro Ikuta, Irena Dragojevic, Jamie Lee Twist Schroeder, Jana Ivanidze, Janine T. Katzen, Jason Chiang, Jeffers Nguyen, Jeffrey D. Robinson, Jennifer C. Broder, Jennifer Kemp, Jennifer S. Weaver, Jesse M. Conyers, Jessica B. Robbins, Jessica R. Leschied, Jessica Wen, Jocelyn Park, John Mongan, Jordan Perchik, Jose Pablo Martinez Barbero, Jubin Jacob, Karyn Ledbetter, Katarzyna J. Macura, Katherine E. Maturen, Katherine Frederick-Dyer, Katia Dodelzon, Kayla Cort, Kelly Kisling, Kemi Babagbemi, Kevin C. McGill, Kevin J. Chang, Kimberly Feigin, Kimberly S. Winsor, Kimberly Seifert, Kirang Patel, Kristin K. Porter, Kristin M. Foley, Krupa Patel-Lippmann, Lacey J. McIntosh, Laura Padill, Lauren Groner, Lauren M. Harry, Lauren M. Ladd, Lisa Wang, Lucy B. Spallut, M. Mahesh, M. Victoria Marx, Mark D. Sugi, Marla B. K. Sammer, Maryellen Sun, Matthew J. Barkovich, Matthew J. Miller, Maya Vella, Melissa A. Davis, Meridith J. Englander, Michael Durst, Michael Oumano, Monica J. Wood, Morgan P. McBee, Nancy J. Fischbein, Nataliya Kovalchuk, Neil Lall, Neville Eclov, Nikhil Madhuripan, Nikki S. Ariaratnam, Nina S. Vincoff, Nishita Kothary, Noushin Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi, Olga R. Brook, Orit A. Glenn, Pamela K. Woodard, Parisa Mazaheri, Patricia Rhyner, Peter R. Eby, Preethi Raghu, Rachel F. Gerson, Rina Patel, Robert L. Gutierrez, Robyn Gebhard, Rochelle F. Andreotti, Rukya Masum, Ryan Woods, Sabala Mandav, Samantha G. Harrington, Samir Parikh, Sammy Chu, Sandeep S. Arora, Sandra M. Meyers, Sanjay Prabhu, Sara Shams, Sarah Pittman, Sejal N. Patel, Shelby Payne, Steven W. Hetts, Tarek A. Hijaz, Teresa Chapman, Thomas W. Loehfelm, Titania Juang, Toshimasa J. Clark, Valeria Potigailo, Vinil Shah, Virginia Planz, Vivek Kalia, Wendy DeMartini, William P. Dillon, Yasha Gupta, Yilun Koethe, Zachary Hartley-Blossom, Zhen Jane Wang, Geraldine McGinty, Adina Haramati, Laveil M. Allen, Pauline Germaine
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Khoschy Schawkat, Diana Litmanovich, Elisabeth Appel, Alex Ghorishi, Magdy Selim, Warren J. Manning, Masoud Nakhaei, Bianca Biglione, Andres Camacho, Olga R. Brook
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether patients with interatrial shunts are at higher risk of cardiac and neurological embolism following IV contrast media injection. The results showed that IV CT contrast administration without an in-line filter does not increase the incidence of cardiac or neurological events.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Bettina Siewert, Olga R. Brook, Suzanne Swedeen, Muneeb Ahmed, Jonathan B. Kruskal
Summary: The study aimed to assess the impact of a postprocedural closeout (PPC) checklist on adverse events during image-guided procedures. The results showed that the implementation of the PPC checklist led to a decrease in radiology adverse events, repeat procedures, and severity of errors.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Rochelle F. Andreotti, Elizabeth K. Arleo, Sandeep S. Arora, Jennifer C. Broder, Olga Brook, Erin A. Cooke, Melissa A. Davis, Katia Dodelzon, Meridith J. Englander, Nancy J. Fischbein, Arthur Fleischer, Katherine Frederick-Dyer, Rachel F. Gerson, David Gruen, Elizabeth M. Hecht, Janine T. Katzen, Jennifer Kemp, Amy L. Kotsenas, Lauren M. Ladd, Anjali Malik, Geraldine McGinty, Carolyn C. Meltzer, Amy Oliveira, Catherine Phillips, Kristin K. Porter, Patricia Rhyner, Caroline Robson, Deborah Shatzkes, Lucy B. Spalluto, Maryellen Sun, Courtney Tomblinson, Nina S. Vincoff, Monica J. Wood, Beth Zigmund, Christine Glastonbury, Jana Ivanidze, Erin Simon Schwartz, Pamela K. Woodard
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Raymond M. M. Anchan, Daniel Wojdyla, Pietro Bortoletto, Kathryn Terry, Emily Disler, Ankrish Milne, Antonio Gargiulo, John Petrozza, Olga Brook, Serene Srouji, Cynthia C. C. Morton, James Greenberg, Ganesa Wegienka, Elizabeth A. A. Stewart, Wanda K. K. Nicholson, Laine Thomas, Sateria Venable, Shannon Laughlin-Tommaso, Michael P. P. Diamond, G. Larry Maxwell, Erica E. E. Marsh, Evan R. R. Myers, Anissa I. I. Vines, Lauren A. A. Wise, Kedra Wallace, Vanessa L. L. Jacoby, James B. B. Spies
Summary: This study compares the 12-month changes in health-related quality of life and symptom severity among patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids who undergo hysterectomy, abdominal myomectomy, or uterine artery embolization. The results show that all treatments lead to improvement in quality of life and reduction in symptom severity, with hysterectomy showing the greatest improvement.
JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Jeffrey L. Weinstein, Hamza Ali, Ammar Sarwar, Joseph R. Dadour, Olga R. Brook, John D. Mitchell, Robina Matyal, Matthew R. Palmer, Christopher MacLellan, Muneeb Ahmed
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hand motion analysis, using both conventional and new motion metrics, in distinguishing the skill levels of operators performing central venous access and liver biopsy procedures. The results revealed that experts outperformed trainees in all metrics for central venous access procedures. Furthermore, experts demonstrated shorter path lengths, fewer translational and rotational movements, and less time in liver biopsy procedures compared to trainees. Therefore, hand motion analysis utilizing translational and rotational movements proved to be more effective in differentiating skill levels and improvement with training than the conventional metric of path length.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Resmi A. Charalel, Paul B. Lewis, Aliaksei Salei, Andrew Cantos, Gregory Dubel, Kevin M. Baskin, Michael T. Kassin, Olga R. Brook, Ragheed Al-Dulaimi, Sanjeeva P. Kalva, Thomas J. Ward, Jeremy C. Durack, Rajesh P. Shah
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Bari Dane, Avneesh Gupta, Michael L. Wells, Mark A. Anderson, Jeff L. Fidler, Haresh V. Naringrekar, Brian C. Allen, Olga R. Brook, David H. Bruining, Michael S. Gee, David J. Grand, David Kastenberg, Ashish Khandelwal, Neil Sengupta, Jorge A. Soto, Flavius F. Guglielmo
Summary: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a life-threatening condition with a high incidence of hospitalizations. CT angiography is recommended as a first-line diagnostic tool for severe hematochezia patients due to its ability to locate the source of bleeding. Dual-energy CT (DECT) offers advantages such as significant radiation dose reduction and improved diagnostic accuracy through virtual noncontrast (VNC) images and postprocessing techniques. Radiologists should consider the potential pitfalls and limitations of DECT in diagnosing GI bleeding.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Natasha Larocque, Olga R. Brook, Hadiseh Kavandi, James V. Rawson
Summary: The use of national guidelines for the management of incidental radiologic findings is low. Therefore, a study was conducted to improve adherence to and consistency with follow-up recommendations for incidental findings in a large academic practice. By using the Kotter change management framework and institution-specific dictation macros, improvements were made in the management of abdominal aneurysms. Personal feedback provided to radiologists further improved adherence and resulted in an increase in imaging follow-up.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Paul Bennett Lewis, Resmi Ann Charalel, Aliaksei Salei, Andrew J. Cantos, Greg J. Dubel, Michael T. Kassin, Tushar Garg, Hafsa Shahwaiz Babar, Olga Brook, Rajesh Shah, Neil Halin, Mark Kleedehn, Matthew S. Johnson
Summary: Registry data are increasingly used for various purposes in healthcare. The SIR VIRTEX registry utilizes automated data extraction and standardized reports. A survey of SIR members revealed the main barriers to using these reports, including report length, lack of awareness, and lack of agreement within practices.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yarab Al Bulushi, Cinthia Cruz-Romero, Hadiseh Kavandi, Alexander Brook, Olga R. R. Brook
Summary: This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the success of ultrasound-guided biopsy of liver lesions and to build a model for predicting feasibility. The success rate of ultrasound-guided liver lesion biopsy was found to be 86%, and factors affecting feasibility included lesion size, depth, location, and number. A linear logistic regression model incorporating these factors was highly successful in predicting the feasibility of ultrasound-guided biopsy for liver lesions.
ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Daniel I. I. Glazer, William W. W. Mayo-Smith, Erick M. M. Remer, Elaine M. M. Caoili, Julie H. H. Song, Myles T. T. Taffel, James T. T. Lee, Olga R. R. Brook, Atul B. B. Shinagare, Michael A. A. Blake, Khaled M. M. Elsayes, Nicola Schieda, Antonio C. C. Westphalen, Michael J. J. Campbell, Michael T. T. Corwin
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop a standardized lexicon for describing adrenal imaging findings at CT and MRI. Through a modified Delphi process, consensus was reached on 33 out of 35 imaging terms, with corresponding definitions provided. The use of this standardized lexicon is expected to improve radiology report clarity, standardize clinical and research terminology, and reduce uncertainty for referring providers when adrenal findings are present.
ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Linda C. Chu, Zhen J. Wang, Avinash Kambadakone, Elizabeth M. Hecht, Jin He, Amol K. Narang, Daniel A. Laheru, Hina Arif-Tiwari, Priya Bhosale, Candice W. Bolan, Olga R. Brook, Abraham F. Bezuidenhout, Richard K. G. Do, Samuel J. Galgano, Ajit H. Goenka, Alexander R. Guimaraes, David M. Hough, Naveen Kulkarni, Ott Le, Lyndon Luk, Lorenzo Mannelli, Michael Rosenthal, Guillermo Sangster, Zarine K. Shah, Erik Soloff, Parag P. Tolat, Marc Zins, Elliot K. Fishman, Eric P. Tamm, Atif Zaheer
Summary: This article assesses the practice patterns and develops consensus recommendations for postoperative imaging and interpretation in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The results reveal significant variations in postoperative surveillance of PDAC, and differentiating tumor recurrence from postoperative inflammatory changes remains challenging.
ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Natasha Larocque, Olga R. Brook
Summary: This article reviews how to safely perform image-guided biopsies of the lung, pleura, and mediastinum, from the preprocedural assessment to reviewing intraprocedural techniques, and how to avoid and manage complications.
SEMINARS IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2022)
