Article
Oncology
Maria Cruz Cardenas, Belen Inigo, Isabel Ortega, Maria Angeles Palomar, Marina Menendez, Paula Plaza, Mercedes Martinez-Novillo, Celina Benavente
Summary: Serum free light chains (sFLCs) can be used to replace urine studies for monitoring multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and they can identify similar or higher percentages of disease compared to urine studies. Achieving very good partial response or better using sFLCs evaluation is associated with a reduced risk of progression.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Robert Adam Harris, Matthew Miller, Dillon Donaghy, Laura Ashton, Catherine Langston, Todd Shockey, A. Russell Moore
Summary: The study successfully detected serum and urine free light chains in dogs and cats using a commercially available human immunofixation kit. Free light chains may be nephrotoxic in dogs.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Umberto Basile, Giuseppe Santini, Cecilia Napodano, Giuseppe Macis, Krizia Pocino, Francesca Gulli, Mario Malerba, Andrew Bush, Ian M. Adcock, Paolo Montuschi
Summary: This study found that serum Ig FLC concentrations were elevated in adult males with severe asthma, and these concentrations were correlated with inflammatory outcomes. These findings suggest that serum Ig FLCs could serve as potential surrogate markers of inflammation in asthma.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk, Jacek Kudelski, Michal Olkowicz, Grzegorz Mlynarczyk, Piotr Chlosta, Barbara Mroczko
Summary: This study aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of serum kappa (?) and lambda (?) free light chains (FLCs) in patients with bladder cancer. The concentrations of FLCs, CEA, and CA19-9 were significantly higher in bladder cancer patients compared to the control group. There was also a correlation between FLC and other biomarkers. The findings suggest that FLC measurements may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk, Barbara Mroczko
Summary: This review evaluates the clinical significance of free light chains (FLCs) as potential biomarkers and discusses their application in various diseases associated with inflammation. Elevated levels of FLCs are associated with diagnosis and prognosis, making them valuable biomarkers in selected diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Pablo Arroyo-Pereiro, Lydia Garcia-Serrano, Francisco Morandeira, Blanca Urban, Virginia Mas, Mario Framil, Isabel Leon, Albert Munoz-Vendrell, Elisabet Matas, Lucia Romero-Pinel, Antonio Martinez-Yelamos, Sergio Martinez-Yelamos, Laura Bau
Summary: The potential of kappa-free light chain (kFLC) as a long-term prognostic marker for multiple sclerosis (MS) was explored in this study. The results showed no significant differences in kFLC index between the two groups with different disease courses, indicating that kFLC is unlikely to be a reliable marker for long-term prognosis in MS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alida Linda Patrizia Caforio, Giacomo De Luca, Anna Baritussio, Mara Seguso, Nicoletta Gallo, Elisa Bison, Maria Grazia Cattini, Elena Pontara, Luna Gargani, Alessia Pepe, Corrado Campochiaro, Mario Plebani, Sabino Iliceto, Giovanni Peretto, Antonio Esposito, Lorenzo Tofani, Alberto Moggi-Pignone, Lorenzo Dagna, Renzo Marcolongo, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Cosimo Bruni
Summary: The study found that the frequencies of AHA and AIDA in SSc were significantly higher compared to other cardiac disease groups and normal blood donors, suggesting a high burden of underdiagnosed autoimmune heart involvement in SSc. AHA was associated with interstitial lung disease, chest pain history, abnormal troponin, AIDA, and current immunosuppression, as well as death and overall cardiac events during follow-up.
Article
Immunology
Alice Cole, Rhys Thomas, Nina Goldman, Kevin Howell, Kuntal Chakravarty, Christopher P. Denton, Voon H. Ong
Summary: This article reports a case of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis in a 70-year-old male following COVID-19 vaccination. The authors suspect a possible adverse reaction to the vaccine resulting in an atypical presentation of systemic sclerosis. The article discusses the potential mechanisms of autoimmune reactions triggered by vaccination in rheumatology.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Jiang, Jin Zhao, Dan Liu, Man Zhang
Summary: This study identified significantly elevated levels of light chain proteins in urine samples from patients with active SLE, which increased with disease activity severity. Serum light chains had better discriminatory capacity than urinary light chains, while urine light chains could be used for dynamically monitoring the progress of disease activity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patrizia Natali, Roberta Bedin, Gaetano Bernardi, Elena Corsini, Eleonora Cocco, Lucia Schirru, Ilaria Crespi, Marta Lamonaca, Arianna Sala, Cinzia Nicolo, Massimiliano Di Filippo, Alfredo Villa, Viviana Nociti, Teresa De Michele, Paola Cavalla, Paola Caropreso, Francesca Vitetta, Maria Rosaria Cucinelli, Matteo Gastaldi, Tommaso Trenti, Patrizia Sola, Diana Ferraro
Summary: This study assessed the concordance of CSF and serum KFLC measurements, and K-Index values, across different laboratories. The results showed excellent agreement in CSF KFLC measurements across all laboratories, good agreement in serum KFLC measurements between B and S laboratories, and decreased agreement when including a mixed laboratory. The concordance for a positive K-Index was substantial across all laboratories, indicating consistent results regardless of testing in different laboratories or using different platforms/assays.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark M. Melamud, Evgeny A. Ermakov, Anastasiia S. Boiko, Daria A. Kamaeva, Alexey E. Sizikov, Svetlana A. Ivanova, Natalia M. Baulina, Olga O. Favorova, Georgy A. Nevinsky, Valentina N. Buneva
Summary: The study revealed that 11 cytokines were increased in the cytokine profile of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, while 10 cytokines were significantly decreased in multiple sclerosis patients. These changes were associated with dysregulation of interleukins, TNF superfamily members, and chemokines in SLE, and abnormal levels of growth factors and chemokines in MS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Serena Fineschi
Summary: COVID-19 infection can trigger autoimmune diseases like systemic sclerosis (SSc) and lead to the production of autoantibodies. This case report describes a patient who developed autoantibody production and symptoms affecting the skin and gastrointestinal system after mild COVID-19 infection, eventually being diagnosed with SSc.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alexandru-Stefan Niculae, Lucia-Elena Niculae, Cristiana Vacaras, Vitalie Vacaras
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the levels of serum neurofilament light chains in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis under the age of 18. The study found that pediatric patients had higher levels of serum neurofilament light chains at their first clinical demyelinating attack compared to the normal control group.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Franz Felix Konen, Philipp Schwenkenbecher, Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky, Stefan Gingele, Kurt-Wolfram Suhs, Hayrettin Tumani, Marie Suesse, Thomas Skripuletz
Summary: Free light chains (FLC), particularly the kappa isoform (KFLC), show high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in detecting intrathecal inflammation in central nervous system diseases. The measurement of KFLC is fully automated, stable against most influencing factors, and represents a promising diagnostic approach for neuroinflammatory diseases. Further multicenter studies are needed to establish the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of KFLC, using standardized cut-off values and non-linear formulas.
Review
Immunology
Claire F. Beesley, Nina R. Goldman, Taher E. Taher, Christopher P. Denton, David J. Abraham, Rizgar A. Mageed, Voon H. Ong
Summary: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated rheumatic disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. B cells play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis and development of SSc, as they infiltrate lesional sites and produce profibrotic cytokines. B cell counts are increased in SSc patients and show differences in various B cell compartments. B cell signaling is impaired in SSc patients, and B cell depletion therapy has shown therapeutic benefits.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Cristiano Caruso, Colantuono Stefania, Gabriele Ciasca, Umberto Basile, Riccardo Di Santo, Diego Bagnasco, Giovanni Passalacqua, Marco Caminati, Schiappoli Michele, Gianenrico Senna, Enrico Heffler, G. Walter Canonica, Nunzio Crimi, Rossella Intravaia, Corso De Eugenio, Davide Firinu, Antonio Gasbarrini, Stefano R. Del Giacco
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence of SE-IgE sensitization in a multicentric Italian cohort of severe asthmatic patients. SEB-IgE sensitization was found to be associated with female gender and comorbidities such as CRS and CRSwNP. No significant associations were observed between SEB-IgE sensitization and atopy, exacerbations, and corticosteroid dosages. Patients with SEB-IgE sensitization were younger and had an earlier disease onset, suggesting that it may be an independent risk factor for developing asthma.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Krizia Pocino, Annunziata Stefanile, Valerio Basile, Cecilia Napodano, Francesca D'Ambrosio, Riccardo Di Santo, Cinzia Anna Maria Calla, Francesca Gulli, Raffaele Saporito, Gabriele Ciasca, Francesco Equitani, Umberto Basile, Mariapaola Marino
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health issue with a high prevalence and poor prognosis. This review discusses the role of soluble factors as biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment targets in precision medicine, focusing on their effects on liver tumor progression.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Edoardo Rosato, Antonietta Gigante, Chiara Pellicano, Amalia Colalillo, Danilo Alunni-Fegatelli, Maurizio Muscaritoli
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis was found to be a parameter of nutritional status and a marker of mortality. The results showed that patients with lower PhA values had a higher risk of malnutrition and lower survival rates. Rating: 8 out of 10.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Adolfo Marco Perrotta, Antonietta Gigante, Silverio Rotondi, Paolo Mene, Adriano Notturni, Stefano Schiavetto, Gaetano Tanzilli, Chiara Pellicano, Giuseppe Guaglianone, Francesca Tinti, Paolo Palange, Sandro Mazzaferro, Rosario Cianci, Silvia Lai
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between renal resistive index (RRI) and the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI), as well as its association with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. The results showed that patients with CIAKI had significantly higher RRI, IMT, CRP, and SUA values compared to those who did not develop CIAKI.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chiara Pellicano, Amalia Colalillo, Giuseppina Cusano, Andrea Palladino, Marica Pellegrini, Cinzia Anna Maria Calla, Giorgia Mazzuccato, Valeria Carnazzo, Stefano Pignalosa, Luigi Di Biase, Mariapaola Marino, Umberto Basile, Edoardo Rosato
Summary: This study assessed the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and their influence on the main complications of the disease. The results showed that SSc patients had lower levels of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 compared to healthy controls. Logistic regression analysis found that IgG3 was associated with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco), modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), and radiological interstitial lung disease (ILD).
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Cecilia Napodano, Laura Ioannilli, Valerio Basile, Francesca Gulli, Valeria Carnazzo, Stefano Pignalosa, Luigi Di Biase, Erica Cavaleri, Cosimo Racco, Francesco Equitani, Mariapaola Marino, Umberto Basile
Summary: The antibody-related immune response is mediated by immunoglobulins (Igs) produced by activated B cells, which activate and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells upon recognition of specific epitopes on pathogen surfaces. In tumoral conditions like multiple myeloma, the overproduction of antibodies enriches the serum and urinary matrices, serving as crucial biomarkers. Detecting these biomarkers is important for the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of diseases. The Hevylite((R)) assay allows for the quantification of involved and not involved immunoglobulins, providing valuable information for patient management and treatment response evaluation.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Barbara Ruaro, Murray Baron, Edoardo Rosato, Romeo Martini, Marco Confalonieri
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Edoardo Rosato, Antonietta Gigante, Amalia Colalillo, Chiara Pellicano, Danilo Alunni Fegatelli, Maurizio Muscaritoli
Summary: Malnutrition according to GLIM criteria is a significant predictive risk factor for the composite end-point of mortality and risk of hospitalization in SSc patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Napodano, Gabriele Ciasca, Patrizia Chiusolo, Krizia Pocino, Laura Gragnani, Annunziata Stefanile, Francesca Gulli, Serena Lorini, Gessica Minnella, Federica Fosso, Riccardo Di Santo, Sabrina Romano, Valerio Basile, Valerio De Stefano, Gian Ludovico Rapaccini, Anna Linda Zignego, Enrico Di Stasio, Mariapaola Marino, Umberto Basile
Summary: Prolonged B cells stimulation by HCV can lead to autoimmunity characterized by elevated levels of cryoglobulins, rheumatoid factor, and free light chains of immunoglobulins. This study aimed to identify an immunological signature for early-stage vasculitis when cryoprecipitate is undetectable. The results showed that patients with supposed circulating cryoglobulins exhibited serological parameters similar to type II and III cryoglobulinemia. Analysis of clonal IgH and TCR rearrangements proved to be the best option for early diagnosis of extrahepatic complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Valeria Carnazzo, Serena Redi, Valerio Basile, Patrizia Natali, Francesca Gulli, Francesco Equitani, Mariapaola Marino, Umberto Basile
Summary: Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein produced by neutrophils and monocytes in inflammation. Recent studies have focused on circulating CLP, which can be measured in different biological fluids using various methods. This review highlights the correlation between high levels of circulating CLP and specific autoantibodies in major autoimmune diseases, suggesting CLP measurement as a potential biomarker for monitoring disease outcome.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chiara Pellicano, Amalia Colalillo, Valeria Carnazzo, Serena Redi, Valerio Basile, Mariapaola Marino, Umberto Basile, Edoardo Rosato
Summary: This study investigated the influence of CD21(low) B cells, IL-4, and IL-21 on joint involvement in SSc patients. The study found that elevated levels of CD21(low) B cells, IL-4, and IL-21 were associated with higher articular disease activity in patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)