Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jeffrey T. Jensen, David F. Archer, Carolyn L. Westhoff, Anita L. Nelson, Shelli Graham, Brian Bernick
Summary: This study evaluated the satisfaction of women who had recently used a monthly contraceptive ring or contraceptive pills with a segesterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol contraceptive vaginal system. The results showed high satisfaction with the vaginal system, and most women liked it as much or better than any previous contraceptive method. The ease of use and one-year duration were the most liked features, while ring insertion and feeling it coming out were the most disliked features. The majority of participants had no concerns about using the system for a year and had recommended it to others.
JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Aaron Lazorwitz, Morgan Pena, Jeanelle Sheeder, Stephanie Teal
Summary: The pharmacokinetic interaction between topiramate and etonogestrel in contraceptive implant users resulted in decreased serum etonogestrel concentrations, potentially impacting contraceptive efficacy.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elizabeth Hampson, Erin E. E. Morley, Kelly L. L. Evans, Cathleen Fleury
Summary: This study investigated the effects of oral contraceptive use on cognitive function in women and found that it may have some impact, which is related to the composition of the contraceptives used.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emma Bouck, Marios Arvanitis, William K. Osburn, Yaqiu L. Sang, Paula J. Reventun, Homa S. Ahmadzia, Nicholas P. Smith, Charles P. Lowenstein, Alisa P. Wolberg
Summary: Oral contraceptive (OC) use increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. This study investigates the effect of OC hormones on endothelial cell (EC) procoagulant activity and the potential interaction between OC hormones and estrogen receptors and inflammation. The results show that the OC hormones ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone do not directly enhance the thrombin generation potential of primary ECs in vitro.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rajinder Bhardwaj, Joseph C. Stringfellow, Beth Morris, Robert S. Croop, Richard J. Bertz
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of single and multiple doses of rimegepant on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive in healthy females. The results showed that rimegepant slightly increased the exposure of ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate, but the increase is unlikely to be clinically relevant in healthy females with migraine.
Article
Substance Abuse
Erin E. Maher, Ashley M. White, Ashley Craig, Shailesh Khatri, Percell T. Kendrick Jr, Mary E. Matocha, Emma O. Bondy, Nikhil Pallem, Grace Breakfield, Madison Botkins, Olivia Sweatt, William C. Griffin, Brent Kaplan, Jessica J. Weafer, Joshua S. Beckmann, Cassandra D. Gipson
Summary: Rates of tobacco and alcohol use in women are increasing, and women are more susceptible to polysubstance use. However, the impact of contraceptive hormones on this pattern of substance use has not been studied. This study demonstrates that chronic exposure to synthetic hormones affects the sequential use of nicotine and ethanol, highlighting the importance of understanding how different contraceptive formulations alter patterns of polydrug use in women.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Wendy Ankrom, Deanne Jackson Rudd, Saijuan Zhang, Kerry L. Fillgrove, Kezia N. Gravesande, Randolph P. Matthews, Darin Brimhall, S. Aubrey Stoch, Marian N. Iwamoto
Summary: This trial found that there were no meaningful alterations in the pharmacokinetics of LNG and EE when co-administered with Islatravir. The study supports the use of LNG/EE contraceptives in combination with Islatravir without the need for dose adjustment.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sarah Kheloui, Andra Smith, Nafissa Ismail
Summary: Combined oral contraceptives are widely used among females, but their effects on the gut-brain axis and their impact on the developing adolescent brain are not well-studied. This article reviews evidence from animal and human studies on the effects of combined oral contraceptives on the brain and the gut microbiota during adolescence, highlighting the importance of further research in this field.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jesse M. Lacasse, Vanessa Boulos, Caleigh Fisher, Sarran Hamilton, Megan Heron, Conall E. Mac Cionnaith, Vanessa Peronace, Noemie Tito, Wayne G. Brake
Summary: The study found that synthetic hormones contained in oral contraceptives can influence the cognitive strategies used by female animals during maze navigation.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Erin E. Maher, Paula F. Overby, Amanda H. Bull, Joshua S. Beckmann, Jonna M. Leyrer-Jackson, Stephanie Koebele, Heather A. Bimonte-Nelson, Cassandra D. Gipson
Summary: This study found that women have more difficulty quitting smoking and currently available treatments are less effective for women. Fluctuations in ovarian hormones across the menstrual cycle can affect craving and smoking relapse propensity. Natural and synthetic estrogens play a critical role in mediating the neurobehavioral effects of nicotine.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yingxiao Ma, Feng Yan, Lili An, Wendi Shen, Tingting Tang, Zihao Li, Ruihua Dai
Summary: This study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to ethinyl estradiol (EE2) exposure. The results showed that low levels of EE2 enhanced algal cell growth, while high levels inhibited it. EE2 also promoted the production of microcystins and caused oxidative damage to the algal cells. Furthermore, EE2 disrupted various metabolic and synthetic processes in the cells.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lekha Saha, Puja Kumari, Kajal Rawat, Vipasha Gautam, Arushi Sandhu, Neha Singh, Alka Bhatia, Shalmoli Bhattacharya, V. R. Sinha, Amitava Chakrabarti
Summary: The study suggests that Berberine (BBR) nanoparticles have a promising effect in controlling seizures and alleviating pathologies and sequelae in the kindling model of epileptogenesis.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Shima Khodaverdian, Elahe Dashtban-Moghadam, Bahareh Dabirmanesh, Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh, Mohammad Taleb, Khosro Khajeh, Yaghoub Fathollahi
Summary: This study analyzed the electrical kindling model of temporal lobe using a proteomic approach and found a significant decrease in NAD+ levels, increased CD38/NADase activity, and significant changes in mGluR1 gene expression in the hippocampus during the kindling procedure. These findings suggest a crucial role of the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway in epileptogenesis.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ioanna Katsiadaki, Tamar I. Schwarz, Alex R. O. Cousins, Alexander P. Scott
Summary: Mussels can readily absorb mammalian sex steroids, storing some in the form of fatty acid esters, while the metabolism of ethinyl-estradiol and cortisol differs from that of estradiol and other steroids.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Premysl Jiruska, Dean Freestone, Vadym Gnatkovsky, Yujiang Wang
Summary: The theory of seizures beget seizures suggests that seizure activity can contribute to the progression of epilepsy. However, existing data and observations both support and oppose this theory. While recurrent seizures can cause negative changes in brain structure and function, other factors may also play a role in epilepsy progression.
Article
Neurosciences
Doodipala Samba Reddy, Wesley Thompson, Gianmarco Calderara
Summary: This article provides a brief overview of sex differences in epilepsy, highlighting that susceptibility to seizures is generally higher in men due to differences in regional morphology and neural circuits. Biological bases such as steroid hormones and differences in brain development may also contribute to sex differences in epilepsy susceptibility.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: Neurosteroids, such as allopregnanolone, are key modulators of neuronal excitability in the brain and have shown to be effective in treating disorders like catamenial epilepsy and postpartum depression. By interacting with GABA(A) receptors, neurosteroids have demonstrated anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, antistress, and neuroprotectant properties, making them promising therapeutic agents for various neuroendocrine disorders. Advances in understanding neurosteroids have opened up new possibilities for drug discovery and treatment of complex brain disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Victoria M. Golub, Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: This study comprehensively investigated post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in a mouse model, revealing that moderate contusion injury in mice leads to chronic PTE with spontaneous seizures and robust epileptiform activity, as well as cognitive comorbidities. Various experiments demonstrate the model's ability to replicate major pathological sequelae of human PTE.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sarah Elmer, Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: This article discusses the issue of generic substitution of antiseizure medications (ASMs) and highlights the critical pharmacotherapeutic issues associated with generic ASMs. It emphasizes the need for considering therapeutic equivalence and other clinical factors when interchanging generic ASMs.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Victoria M. Golub, Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a chronic seizure condition that occurs after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Currently, there is a lack of approved treatments to prevent PTE, and many cases are unresponsive to antiseizure medications. This study provides a critical review of the current state of PTE research, focusing on experimental models, molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and potential interventions. There is new optimism in finding drug therapies for preventing PTE in high-risk populations, especially in military personnel.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Doodipala Samba Reddy, Hasara Nethma Abeygunaratne
Summary: This article discusses the importance of biomarkers in diagnosing brain diseases and monitoring therapeutic interventions. It explains that biomarkers can be measured objectively and used as indicators for pathological processes or response to treatments. Different types of biomarkers, including blood-based, immunohistochemical-based, neuroimaging-based, and electrophysiological biomarkers, are used to study and monitor acute and chronic brain conditions. The article highlights the significance of biomarkers in identifying specific molecules, cells, tissues, or proteins that change throughout the progression of brain diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Ashna Talwar, Emily Estes, Rajender Aparasu, Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical potential of oral CBD in treating refractory epilepsy through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The results suggest that CBD treatment is more effective than placebo in reducing seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy, although it is associated with increased adverse events. CBD shows promise as a standalone or adjunct therapy for controlling seizures, but further investigation and guidelines are needed.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Doodipala Samba Reddy, Robert H. Mbilinyi, Sreevidhya Ramakrishnan
Summary: At present, there is no drug therapy available for curing epilepsy. However, recent research has shown the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) in controlling epileptogenesis and reducing seizure burden. CBD can also be used in combination with other antiseizure medications, indicating strong potential as an adjunct therapy.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: This article provides an overview of the clinical utility and efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD) as a treatment for refractory and rare forms of epilepsy. CBD has shown to be a safe and effective antiseizure medicine with multiple mechanisms of action. However, there are still challenges and risks associated with its widespread use.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Victoria Golub, Sreevidhya Ramakrishnan, Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable seizures. CBD has shown potential in reducing seizures in pediatric epilepsies, but its effectiveness in adult seizures and refractory focal epilepsy is still unclear. In this study, the researchers evaluated the antiseizure activity of CBD in an adult model of refractory epilepsy and found that CBD protected against seizures without side effects. The combination of CBD with GABAergic ASMs showed strong synergism for seizure protection.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Doodipala Samba Reddy
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Maheedhar Kodali, Tanvi Jankay, Ashok K. Shetty, Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: This article discusses the pathophysiology and potential treatments for Gulf War Illness (GWI), a chronic neuropsychiatric illness linked to chemical exposures during the first Gulf War. Despite the lack of effective treatments, there are numerous current therapeutic interventions being investigated in preclinical models of GWI. Promising therapies include curcumin, resveratrol, and ketamine, which are currently undergoing clinical trials in GWI veterans. Neurosteroids also show potential as a medicine for GWI due to their neuroprotective properties. Urgent clinical studies are needed to evaluate and launch an effective therapy for veterans with GWI.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Doodipala Samba Reddy, Robert H. H. Mbilinyi, Emily Estes
Summary: This article discusses the critical role of neurosteroids in postpartum depression (PPD) and introduces the breakthrough antidepressant brexanolone as a first-in-class neurosteroid therapy. PPD, a neuroendocrine disorder affecting 20% of mothers, is characterized by symptoms such as persistent sadness, fatigue, dysphoria, and disruptions in cognition, emotion, appetite, and sleep. The main pathology behind PPD is the reduction of neurosteroids after childbirth, known as neurosteroid withdrawal. Brexanolone, a progesterone-derived allopregnanolone, rapidly alleviates anxiety and mood deficits by activating GABA-A receptors, making it a transformative treatment for PPD with significant advantages over traditional antidepressants.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Doodipala Samba Reddy
Summary: This study provides molecular insights into the neurosteroid approach for rapid relief of postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms compared to traditional antidepressants.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kahkashan Afrin, Revanth Dusi, Yuhao Zhong, D. Samba Reddy, Satish T. S. Bukkapatnam
Summary: This article introduces a machine learning approach for continuous prognosis of epileptic seizure events using EEG data. The approach, based on a nonparametric, decision-tree-based random survival forest (RSF) model, allows estimation of the probability of seizure onset over the entire prediction horizon. The RSF model outperforms other survival models and can effectively quantify the likelihood of seizure onsets.
IISE TRANSACTIONS ON HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2022)
