☆ 4.6 Article

Drinking Water Disinfection By-products, Genetic Polymorphisms, and Birth Outcomes in a European Mother-Child Cohort Study

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2016)

Journal

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Volume 27, Issue 6, Pages 903-911

Publisher

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000544

Keywords

Funding

EU Sixth Framework Program for Research and Technological Development by the Research Directorate-Biotechnology, Agriculture and Food Research Unit [Food-CT-2006-036224]
NERC UK [NE/E008844/1]
MRC [MR/K006665/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Medical Research Council [MR/K006665/1, MC_PC_13042] Funding Source: researchfish

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Abstract

Background: We examined the association between exposure during pregnancy to trihalomethanes, the most common water disinfection by-products, and birth outcomes in a European cohort study (Health Impacts of Long-Term Exposure to Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water). We took into account exposure through different water uses, measures of water toxicity, and genetic susceptibility. Methods: We enrolled 14,005 mothers (2002-2010) and their children from France, Greece, Lithuania, Spain, and the UK. Information on lifestyle-and water-related activities was recorded. We ascertained residential concentrations of trihalomethanes through regulatory records and ad hoc sampling campaigns and estimated route-specific trihalomethane uptake by trimester and for whole pregnancy. We examined single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants in disinfection by-product metabolizing genes in nested case-control studies. Results: Average levels of trihalomethanes ranged from around 10 mu g/L to above the regulatory limits in the EU of 100 mu g/L between centers. There was no association between birth weight and total trihalomethane exposure during pregnancy (beta = 2.2 g in birth weight per 10 mu g/L of trihalomethane, 95% confidence interval = 3.3, 7.6). Birth weight was not associated with exposure through different routes or with specific trihalomethane species. Exposure to trihalomethanes was not associated with low birth weight (odds ratio [OR] per 10 mu g/L = 1.02, 95% confidence interval = 0.95, 1.10), small-for-gestational age (OR = 0.99, 0.94, 1.03) and preterm births (OR = 0.98, 0.9, 1.05). We found no gene-environment interactions for mother or child polymorphisms in relation to preterm birth or small-for-gestational age. Conclusions: In this large European study, we found no association between birth outcomes and trihalomethane exposures during pregnancy in the total population or in potentially genetically susceptible subgroups. (See video abstract at http://links.lww.com/EDE/B104.)

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Database and review of disinfection by-products since 1974: Constituent elements, molecular weights, and structures

Hechao Chen, Jidao Xie, Chengxiang Huang, Yining Liang, Yulin Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Yuhua Ling, Lei Wang, Qi Zheng, Xiaoqiu Yang

Summary: A database of 6310 disinfection by-products (DBPs) reported between 1974 and 2022 was constructed, providing a tool for screening new DBPs, comprehensive review, and predictive model development. The study presented the origin of the collected DBPs and conducted comparative analysis on their basic information. Most DBPs remained to be identified, with acids as the main functional groups, aliphatic and aromatic compounds as the major carbon frameworks, and molecular weights ranging from 200 to 400 Da.

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