Article
Fisheries
Xue Li, Shidong Wang, Muzi Zhang, Yangping Yu, Ming Li
Summary: In this study, the role of GS in ammonia detoxification was investigated in yellow catfish. The results showed that GS plays a crucial role in regulating glutamine synthesis and ammonia detoxification in yellow catfish.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhixiao Yang, Yi Chen, Yi Wang, Haiqian Xia, Shaoqing Zheng, Shengdong Xie, Yi Cao, Jiemin Liu, Shafaque Sehar, Yingchao Lin, Yushuang Guo, Imran Haider Shamsi
Summary: This study reveals that the accumulation of NH3 volatilization is the primary factor inducing Alternaria alternata infection in tobacco, highlighting the higher NH3 re-transfer ability and nitrogen reutilization capacity in susceptible cultivars.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agronomy
Jagdish K. Ladha, Mark B. Peoples, Pallavolu M. Reddy, Jatish C. Biswas, Alan Bennett, Mangi L. Jat, Timothy J. Krupnik
Summary: This review examines the importance of biological nitrogen fixation in crop production and the contribution of nitrogen sources on a global scale. Strategies to enhance the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation are discussed, along with the challenges and potential of introducing biological nitrogen fixation into conventional and alternative crop management systems.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gaigai Sun, Changsen Sun, Jing He, Hanhan Yao, Wenfang Dai, Zhihua Lin, Yinghui Dong
Summary: Ammonia nitrogen is a common toxic substance in aquatic systems that poses a serious threat to the survival and growth of clams. Genetic polymorphisms in the Glutamine synthetase gene were found to be associated with ammonia tolerance in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta. Specifically, the c.1133T > G locus showed a significant correlation with ammonia tolerance in both geographical populations. Additionally, inhibiting the expression of the Sc-GS gene through RNA interference technology resulted in a significant downregulation of transcript levels in the hepatopancreas, suggesting the gene's involvement in ammonia metabolism. These findings have implications for understanding ammonia nitrogen metabolism and identifying markers for molecular marker-assisted selection in razor clams.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yali Long, Jia Qiu, Bing Zhang, Peng He, Xinchong Shi, Qiao He, Zhifeng Chen, Wanqing Shen, Zhoulei Li, Xiangsong Zhang
Summary: The study found that VC can target glutamine synthetase to induce oxidative stress and kill cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect of VC on cancer cells was positively correlated with the expression of GS, and VC treatment led to an increase in ROS production, as well as GSH depletion and NADPH/NADP + reduction. Pharmacological VC treatment exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on xenografts of prostate cancer cells overexpressing GS, which could be well monitored by 13N-ammonia PET/CT imaging.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tim Schnabel, Elizabeth Sattely
Summary: Bioavailable nitrogen is crucial for agricultural food production, and engineered diazotrophs show potential for plant growth promotion. However, balancing ammonia production rates and fitness defects is important. Multi-copy stable strains of Azospirillum brasilense exhibit improved plant growth promotion in hydroponic conditions, but their effectiveness in nonsterile soil may be limited.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marc-Sven Roell, Lennart Schada von Borzyskowski, Philipp Westhoff, Anastasija Plett, Nicole Paczia, Peter Claus, Urte Schlueter, Tobias J. Erb, Andreas P. M. Weber
Summary: Plants rely on Rubisco for CO2 fixation, but the toxic byproduct 2-phosphoglycolate from Rubisco causes reduced photosynthetic yield in C3 plants, leading to energy-consuming photorespiration. By introducing the BHAC pathway to convert photorespiration metabolites into oxaloacetate, plants can bypass photorespiration in a highly efficient and resource-conserving manner to potentially enhance growth and yield.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Biology
Liwen Yang, Pingxian Zhang, Yifan Wang, Guihua Hu, Weijun Guo, Xiaofeng Gu, Li Pu
Summary: Synthetic epigenetics holds great potential in crop improvement. By studying epigenetic mechanisms and using innovative techniques, researchers can develop engineered smart crops that have higher yields and can actively adapt to internal and external environments.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariana Macedo de Oliveira, Alexis Monnet-Aimard, Cristina R. Bosoi, Melanie Tremblay, Christopher F. Rose
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of sex on chronic liver disease (CLD), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and muscle mass loss. The results showed that female bile-duct ligated (BDL) rats developed CLD and HE, but did not experience muscle loss, brain edema, and short-term memory impairment. Compared to male BDL rats, female BDL rats also did not exhibit systemic oxidative stress and decreased albumin levels. Furthermore, both female BDL rats and male BDL rats treated with an antioxidant were protected against ammonia-induced overt HE.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ruben Mateos Fernandez, Marko Petek, Iryna Gerasymenko, Mojca Jutersek, Spela Baebler, Kalyani Kallam, Elena Moreno Gimenez, Janine Gondolf, Alfred Nordmann, Kristina Gruden, Diego Orzaez, Nicola J. Patron
Summary: Arthropod crop pests account for 20% of global annual crop losses, a figure expected to rise with climate change. Humans have historically used chemical formulations to control pests, but concerns about biodiversity impacts are growing. Biotechnology is providing new options for pest control, including engineering resistant crops and insect populations.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanbin Qu, Tianyi Dai, Yuhuan Cui, Guopeng Ding, Yongfu Zhu, Zhili Wang, Qing Jiang
Summary: This study reports on the rational design and controllable synthesis of Co-doped heterostructured Cu2O/Cu nanoparticles for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR). The Co-doped Cu2O/Cu nanoparticles exhibited a high ammonia yield rate and Faraday efficiency, surpassing most Cu-based catalysts under similar conditions. Density functional theory calculations revealed the importance of strong electronic interactions at the Cu/Co-Cu2O interface and Co doping in enhancing NO3RR performance.
Review
Surgery
Amir Y. Kamel, Amir M. Emtiazjoo, Lauren Adkins, Abbas Shahmohammadi, Hassan Alnuaimat, Andres Pelaez, Tiago Machuca, Mauricio Pipkin, Hyun-wook Lee, David I. Weiner, Satish Chandrashekaran
Summary: This systematic review examined the etiologies and management strategies of hyperammonemia after lung transplantation. The incidence of hyperammonemia was low but had a high mortality rate. Our institution had a similar incidence rate compared to previous reports, but lower ammonia levels and earlier peaks, likely due to early recognition and prompt treatment.
TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Alice Stra, Lamyaa O. Almarwaey, Yagiz Alagoz, Juan C. Moreno, Salim Al-Babili
Summary: Carotenoids are natural pigments produced by plants, algae, bacteria, and microorganisms, playing essential roles in light-harvesting and protecting the photosynthetic apparatus. They are also precursors of important metabolites like vitamin A and phytohormones. Genetic engineering and metabolic engineering have been used to enhance carotenoid content and production, with recent advances including CRISPR technologies and viral vectors. Manipulating carotenoid biosynthesis can improve crop yield and growth, making it an important target for crop improvements. This article provides an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis and discusses the latest advances in synthetic carotenoid metabolism in plants and microorganisms.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Safak Bayram, Yasmin Sophiya Razzaque, Sabrina Geisberger, Matthias Pietzke, Susanne Fuerst, Carolina Vechiatto, Martin Forbes, Guido Mastrobuoni, Stefan Kempa
Summary: Cellular glutamine synthesis plays a crucial role in protecting cells from nutrient deprivation and drug resistance. By using targeted stable isotope resolved metabolomics, this study directly measured the activity of glutamine synthetase and traced the fate of glutamine derived nitrogen in the cells' biochemical network. The results highlight the importance of glutamine synthetase in overcoming glutamine depletion and the potential of dual-isotope tracing methods in medical research.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Emanuele La Bella, Andrea Baglieri, Ermes Ivan Rovetto, Piergiorgio Stevanato, Ivana Puglisi
Summary: The study investigated the application of Chlorella vulgaris extract on lettuce seedlings, which positively influenced the growth of seedlings, increased chlorophylls, carotenoids, protein content, and ashes in shoots. Additionally, the extract also had a positive impact on the nitrogen metabolism in shoots and increased dry matter, proteins, and ash content in roots.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jamin Koo, Tim Schnabel, Sylvie Liong, Niklaus H. Evitt, James R. Swartz
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2017)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tim Schnabel, Elizabeth Sattely
Summary: Bioavailable nitrogen is crucial for agricultural food production, and engineered diazotrophs show potential for plant growth promotion. However, balancing ammonia production rates and fitness defects is important. Multi-copy stable strains of Azospirillum brasilense exhibit improved plant growth promotion in hydroponic conditions, but their effectiveness in nonsterile soil may be limited.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2021)