Fabrication of pH -Responsive Polyimide Polyacrylic Acid Smart Gating Membranes: Ultrafast Method Using 248 nm Krypton Fluoride Excimer Laser

pH-responsive smart gating membranes were developed using a two-step fabricating process. In the first step, a porous polyimide (PI) support membrane with ordered, regular, and well-defined pores was obtained with a 248 nm KrF excimer laser using a lithography technique. The porous membranes were then grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) hydrogel by free radical polymerization using the same excimer laser. The number of pulses and frequency could be varied to obtain a range of water permeabilities. Permeability of membrane changed significantly due to swelling and deswelling of PAAc inside the pores at pH 7 and pH 3, respectively. These hydrogel networks were firmly grafted inside pores and remained mechanically intact even after using high pressure during permeability studies. PAAc grafting was confirmed using ATR-FTIR. PAAc hydrogel distribution inside membrane pores was analyzed using SEM and fluorescence microscopy. To quantify the amount of polymer grafted, TGA studies were carried out. Diffusion studies were also carried out using caffeine as a drug molecule to evaluate the application of membrane in drug delivery devices. The linear drug release profile obtained from the study confirmed the potential application of membrane for drug delivery purposes. Results obtained also suggest that the fabrication method developed is fast, efficient, solvent-free, and economical.

Automated summary

pH-responsive smart gating membranes were fabricated using a two-step process of grafting poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel onto porous polyimide support membrane with ordered pores using a 248 nm KrF excimer laser. The membranes showed significant permeability changes at pH 7 and pH 3 due to swelling and deswelling of the hydrogel, confirming their potential application in drug delivery devices. The fabrication method was found to be fast, efficient, solvent-free, and cost-effective, suggesting its feasibility for industrial applications.