Microwave Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Carbohydrates from Different Morphological Parts of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Despite the nutritional properties of alfalfa, its production is mainly for animal feed and it is undervalued as a food source. In this study, the valorization of alfalfa as a potential source of bioactive carbohydrates [inositols, alpha-galactooligosaccharides (alpha-GOS)] is presented. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the extraction of these carbohydrates from leaves, stems, and seeds of alfalfa by solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Optimal extraction temperatures were similar for both treatments (40 degrees C leaves, 80 degrees C seeds); however, SLE required longer times (32.5 and 60 min vs. 5 min). In general, under similar extraction conditions, MAE provided higher yields of inositols (up to twice) and alpha-GOS (up to 7 times); hence, MAE was selected for their extraction from 13 alfalfa samples. Pinitol was the most abundant inositol of leaves and stems (24.2-31.0 mg.g(-1) and 15.5-22.5 mg.g(-1), respectively) while seed extracts were rich in alpha-GOS, mainly in stachyose (48.8-84.7 mg.g(-1)). In addition, inositols and alpha-GOS concentrations of lyophilized MAE extracts were stable for up to 26 days at 50 degrees C. These findings demonstrate that alfalfa is a valuable source of bioactive carbohydrates and MAE a promising alternative technique to obtain functional extracts.

Automated summary

This study highlights the potential of alfalfa as a source of bioactive carbohydrates, specifically inositols and alpha-galactooligosaccharides. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was found to be a more efficient method compared to solid-liquid extraction (SLE) for extracting these compounds from alfalfa. Ultimately, the findings suggest that alfalfa could be a valuable source of bioactive carbohydrates, and MAE is a promising alternative technique to obtain functional extracts.