Article
Environmental Sciences
Tunde Ogbemi Etchie, Saravanadevi Sivanesan, Ayotunde Titilayo Etchie, Kannan Krishnamurthi, Gregory Olufemi Adewuyi, K. V. George
Summary: Globally, around 9 million lives are claimed by PM2.5 pollution annually, with a quarter of these deaths occurring in India. The current regulation standard for PM2.5 pollution in India is 40 µg/m3, which is eight times higher than the global air quality guideline. However, it is uncertain whether this standard adequately protects against the hazardous components in PM2.5.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kunpeng Chen, Nilofar Raeofy, Michael Lum, Raphael Mayorga, Megan Woods, Roya Bahreini, Haofei Zhang, Ying-Hsuan Lin
Summary: This study compared the mass absorption coefficients of brown carbon aerosol samples measured by online and offline instruments and found that the choice of solvent had an impact on the measurement results. Methanol-extracted samples showed significant solvent effects, while using an inert solvent such as acetonitrile allowed for more accurate characterization of brown carbon properties.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jack C. Hensley, Adam W. Birdsall, Frank N. Keutsch
Summary: Organic reactions in atmospheric particles play a significant role in human health and climate, with the production of brown carbon being an important issue. The reaction rates are faster in particles compared to bulk solutions, indicating accelerated reactions for dialdehydes in particles. However, in polluted regions, the reaction of butenedial with ammonia is slower compared to other systems.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stergios Vratolis, Evangelia Diapouli, Manousos I. Manousakas, Susana Marta Almeida, Ivan Beslic, Zsofia Kertesz, Lucyna Samek, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Summary: An inversion method was developed to quantify the emission fluxes of certain aerosol pollution sources in Europe and western Asia. The method utilized aerosol contribution factors derived from PM2.5 chemical composition data from 16 European and Asian cities. The results showed significant source areas for secondary sulfate on the east of the Caspian Sea and for dust aerosol in the west Sahara region.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jack J. Lin, Kamal R. Raj, Stella Wang, Esko Kokkonen, Mikko-Heikki Mikkela, Samuli Urpelainen, Nonne L. Prisle
Summary: Water molecules adsorb onto inorganic sodium chloride and organic malonic acid and sucrose nanoparticles at low relative humidities, with malonic acid particles showing clear changes in surface chemical composition and environment. This suggests that water uptake by aerosol particles could impact atmospheric chemistry even at low relative humidities, highlighting the importance of studying surface chemical changes using techniques like APXPS.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhenqi Xu, Wei Feng, Yicheng Wang, Haoran Ye, Yuhang Wang, Hong Liao, Mingjie Xie
Summary: The study compared the efficiency of different solvents in extracting organic carbon from ambient aerosols and found that N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) had the highest dissolution rate, leading to significantly higher light absorption compared to other solvents. The time series analysis showed that DMF extracts had greater light absorption, especially in late spring and summer. Testing different solvents is important for investigating the structure and light absorption of brown carbon (BrC), particularly for the low-volatility fraction potentially originating from non-combustion sources.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lu Chen, Fang Zhang, Dongmei Zhang, Xinming Wang, Wei Song, Jieyao Liu, Jingye Ren, Sihui Jiang, Xue Li, Zhanqing Li
Summary: This study analyzed the hygroscopic growth of aerosols at five field sites in China and found that the composition and pollution level of the particles, as well as the regional differences, significantly affect their hygroscopicity. The results show that particles in suburban areas are more hygroscopic compared to those in megacities. Additionally, different mechanisms of new particle formation were observed in different atmospheric environments. These findings contribute to our understanding of fine particle formation and regional environmental and climate change.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Linlin Liang, Leixiang Wu, Wanyun Xu, Chang Liu, Xuyan Liu, Hongbing Cheng, Yusi Liu, Gen Zhang, Huizheng Che, Junying Sun, Xiaoye Zhang
Summary: This study utilized flow cytometry combined with fluorescent stains to characterize and quantify viable and dead PBAPs in the ambient aerosol in Beijing. The number concentrations of viable and dead PBAPs showed a consistent trend and were unrelated to non-biological particles. Despite a lower PBAPs number concentration, viability peaked in winter, coinciding with the winter flu season.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tao Cao, Meiju Li, Cuncun Xu, Jianzhong Song, Xingjun Fan, Jun Li, Wanglu Jia, Ping'an Peng
Summary: Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy is an important method for the identification of atmospheric chromophores. This study investigated EEM data of different types of organic compounds in aerosol samples, soil dust, and fulvic and humic acids using PARAFAC modeling. The results showed that aromatic compounds with strong electron-donating groups have strong fluorescence spectra, while those with electron-withdrawing groups have weaker fluorescence. Nitrophenols, the major component of atmospheric brown carbon, did not show significant fluorescence. The study also identified three fluorescent components in ambient WSOM, providing new insights into the analysis of atmospheric fluorophores.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Christof Barth, Klaus-Peter Hinz, Bernhard Spengler
Summary: This article presents a method based on high-resolution atmospheric pressure laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging and statistical analysis to analyze and characterize very small sample quantities without any sample preparation. The method was successfully demonstrated using filter samples from heavily polluted mega cities in Iran and China, and was able to distinguish between the two cities based on characteristic compounds.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sina Taghvaee, Jiaqi Shen, Catherine Banach, Chris La, Steven J. Campbell, Suzanne E. Paulson
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in various aqueous phases, including cloud water, lung fluid, and wastewater treatment. Recent studies on simulating nascent cloud droplets have shown that aerosol particles produce a significant amount of OH radicals upon taking up water, but the source of these radicals is not well understood. Traditional sampling methods may not effectively capture ROS due to their reactivity and lability. In this study, a technique using a Liquid Spot Sampler was developed to directly capture aerosol particles into a vial containing a terephthalate probe in water, allowing immediate scavenging of OH radicals. Comparisons between this direct-to-reagent approach and filter collection showed that the reagent collection method produced about six times more OH radicals, highlighting the importance of accurately quantifying OH production from ambient aerosol particles using direct-to-reagent measurement approaches.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Danny Westphal, Tobias Teumer, Thomas Schaefer, Rolf-Juergen Ahlers, Matthias Raedle
Summary: This study discusses the possibility of using the ProxiCube (R) particle sensor system to measure the liquid and solid components of aerosols, demonstrating the reliability of measurements through comparison with a traditional reference system.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ziyong Guo, Yuxiang Yang, Xiaodong Hu, Xiaocong Peng, Yuzhen Fu, Wei Sun, Guohua Zhang, Duohong Chen, Xinhui Bi, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng
Summary: This study investigates the optical properties and formation of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) in clouds through measuring the light-absorption properties of different particles and analyzing the concentration of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The results reveal a considerable contribution of water-insoluble BrC to total BrC light absorption and suggest the formation of secondary BrC during cloud processing.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ke Min, Yong Li, Yue Lin, Xuezhi Yang, Zigu Chen, Bo Chen, Ming Ma, Qian Liu, Guibin Jiang
Summary: A matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) method was developed for in situ quantification of soot particles. By analyzing sample spots on filter membranes using MS imaging, direct quantification of soot without solvent extraction or separation was achieved. This method shows high specificity, high sensitivity, and is solvent- and matrix-free.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jianzhong Xu, Anusha Priyadarshani Silva Hettiyadura, Yanmei Liu, Xinghua Zhang, Shichang Kang, Alexander Laskin
Summary: This study investigates the regional differences in brown carbon (BrC) properties in the southern and northern regions of the Tibetan Plateau through molecular-level analysis of fine particulate matter samples. The results highlight the chemical differences in BrC composition between the two regions, providing insights for predictive understanding of aerosol radiative forcing in the Tibetan Plateau area.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Dubravka Smiljkovic, Harald Herrmann, Irina Sadovnik, Susanne Gamperl, Daniela Berger, Gabriele Stefanzl, Gregor Eisenwort, Gregor Hoermann, Sonja Kopanja, Yulia Dorofeeva, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Peter Jaksch, Konrad Hoetzenecker, Zsolt Szepfalusi, Rudolf Valenta, Michel Arock, Peter Valent
Summary: Siglec-6 is identified as a surface antigen specifically expressed on human MC and basophils. Its expression is dynamically regulated and varies depending on cell types and activation factors. Understanding the expression changes of Siglec-6 provides insights into the function of MC and basophils in allergic reactions.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Matthias Moll, Harald Herrmann, Alexandru Zaharie, Gregor Goldner
Summary: This study describes a local radio-oncologic treatment for patients with prostate cancer metastasized to either the lymph nodes or distant regions. Results showed that patients with distant metastases had significantly worse outcomes compared to patients with lymph node metastases.
STRAHLENTHERAPIE UND ONKOLOGIE
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Lovis Schween, Norbert Muecke, Stephanie Portet, Wolfgang H. Goldmann, Harald Herrmann, Ben Fabry
Summary: Vimentin is a highly charged intermediate filament protein that undergoes lateral and longitudinal assembly processes, which are accelerated by increasing salt concentration.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biology
Richard Gerum, Elham Mirzahossein, Mar Eroles, Jennifer Elsterer, Astrid Mainka, Andreas Bauer, Selina Sonntag, Alexander Winterl, Johannes Bartl, Lena Fischer, Shada Abuhattum, Ruchi Goswami, Salvatore Girardo, Jochen Guck, Stefan Schruefer, Nadine Stroehlein, Mojtaba Nosratlo, Harald Herrmann, Dorothea Schultheis, Felix Rico, Sebastian Johannes Mueller, Stephan Gekle, Ben Fabry
Summary: This study presents a high-throughput, simple, and low-cost microfluidic method to quantitatively measure the elastic and viscous moduli of individual cells. By measuring cell deformation and rotation frequency, the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of cells can be determined, revealing the influence of cell cycle and physical interactions between different cell structures.
Article
Oncology
Florian Kriwanek, Leo Ulbrich, Wolfgang Lechner, Carola Luetgendorf-Caucig, Stefan Konrad, Cora Waldstein, Harald Herrmann, Dietmar Georg, Joachim Widder, Tatjana Traub-Weidinger, Ivo Rausch
Summary: Differences in tumor segmentations between radiation oncologists can cause uncertainty in radiation therapy planning. This study investigated the use of additional somatostatin receptor PET imaging to reduce this variability in the delineation of meningioma. The study also assessed the usability of a threshold-based approach for lesion delineation. The results showed that adding PET information significantly reduced inter observer variability, but the threshold-based approach had only moderate agreement with radiation oncologists.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alessandro Trenti, Martin Achleitner, Florian Prawits, Bernhard Schrenk, Hauke Conradi, Moritz Kleinert, Alfonso Incoronato, Francesco Zanetto, Franco Zappa, Ilaria Di Luch, Ozan Cirkinoglu, Xaveer Leijtens, Antonio Bonardi, Cedric Bruynsteen, Xin Yin, Christian Kiessler, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Mathieu Bozzio, Philip Walther, Hannah C. Thiel, Gregor Weihs, Hannes Huebel
Summary: This article presents the results of the Quantum Technology Flagship project UNIQORN in the field of integrated photonics for quantum communication applications. Different integration platforms, including indium phosphide, polymer, and CMOS-compatible silicon platforms, were used to manufacture components and sub-systems for quantum communication devices. The indium phosphide platform was used to produce a transmitter chip for quantum key distribution, while the polymer platform was utilized for engineering non-classical light sources. Additionally, a quantum random number generator and a transimpedance amplifier based on gallium arsenide high electron mobility transistors were also fabricated.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Daniel Ivanov, Jelena D. Milosevic Feenstra, Irina Sadovnik, Harald Herrmann, Barbara Peter, Michael Willmann, Georg Greiner, Katharina Slavnitsch, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Thomas Ruelicke, Maik Dahlhoff, Gregor Hoermann, Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl, Gregor Eisenwort, Michael Fillitz, Thamer Sliwa, Maria-Theresa Krauth, Peter Bettelheim, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Elisabeth Koller, Michael Pfeilstoecker, Heinz Gisslinger, Felix Keil, Robert Kralovics, Peter Valent
Summary: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are characterized by uncontrolled expansion of myeloid cells, disease-related mutations in certain driver-genes including JAK2, CALR, and MPL, and a substantial risk to progress to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). The phenotype of putative CD34(+)/CD38(-) stem cells and CD34(+)/CD38(+) progenitor cells in MPN were established. MPN stem cells display a unique phenotype, including cytokine receptors, immune checkpoint molecules, and other clinically relevant target antigens. The disease-initiating capacity of putative MPN stem cells was confirmed in NSGS mice. Phenotypic characterization of neoplastic stem cells in MPN and sAML should facilitate their enrichment and the development of stem cell-eradicating (curative) therapies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Christopher Paschen, Matthias Moll, Gabriela Altorjai, Manfred Hecking, Thorsten Fuereder, Joachim Widder, Harald Herrmann
Summary: Compared to conventional hydration (CH), the use of mannitol to shorten hydration time (SHM) can reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma undergoing chemoradiation. In addition, higher cumulative cisplatin doses can be achieved with SHM. Female patients are at higher risk of AKI and receive lower cumulative cisplatin doses.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2023)
Article
Optics
Silia Babel, Laura Bollmers, Marcello Massaro, Kai Hong Luo, Michael Stefszky, Federico Pegoraro, Philip Held, Harald Herrmann, Christof Eigner, Benjamin Brecht, Laura Padberg, Christine Silberhorn
Summary: Interference between single photons is crucial for various quantum optics experiments and applications in quantum technologies like communication and computation. Using lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) as a new material platform for integrated quantum optics allows for operation at telecommunication wavelengths and integration of setups for improved stability, compactness, and scalability. By implementing a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference in LNOI directional coupler, we achieve a high raw HOM visibility of (93.5 ± 0.7)%, establishing the foundation for advanced quantum experiments in LNOI.
Article
Optics
C. H. R. I. S. T. I. A. N. KIEssLER, H. A. U. K. E. Conradi, M. O. R. I. T. Z. Kleinert, V. I. K. T. O. R. Quiring, H. A. R. A. L. D. Herrmann, C. H. R. I. S. T. I. N. E. Silberhorn
Summary: A chip-size fully integrated fiber-coupled heralded single photon source (HSPS) module based on a hybrid integration of a nonlinear lithium niobate waveguide into a polymer board is presented. Photon pairs at 810 nm (signal) and 1550 nm (idler) are generated via parametric down-conversion pumped at 532 nm in the LiNbO3 waveguide. The module has a size of (2 x 1) cm2 and is fully fiber-coupled with one pump input fiber and two output fibers, achieving a heralded second-order correlation function of g(2) h = 0.05 with a heralding efficiency of & eta;h = 3.5% at low pump powers.
Article
Optics
Renato Domeneguetti, Michael Stefszky, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Ulrik L. Andersen, Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen, Tobias Gehring
Summary: This study presents a guided setup for single-mode squeezing on integrated titanium-indiffused periodically poled nonlinear resonators. By using single-mode fibers, a continuous-wave laser beam is delivered and the squeezed field is collected, with up to -3.17(9) dB of useful squeezing available in fibers. The generated squeezed light was applied in a fiber-based phase sensing experiment, showing a quantum enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio of 0.35 dB. The investigation also reveals that photorefraction can cause system instabilities at high powers.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Matteo Santandrea, Kai-Hong Luo, Michael Stefszky, Jan Sperling, Harald Herrmann, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn
Summary: The paper investigates the performance of lossy SU(1,1) interferometers for single-photon pairs and examines the information contained in single counts and coincidences at the output. The classical Fisher information (FI) of both single and coincidence events is derived and studied as a function of internal and external losses. It is found that, in the absence of external losses, the FI of coincidence events is always higher or equal to that of single events. However, with external losses, the FI of single events can surpass that of coincidences. Additionally, coincidence measurement can help mitigate the effect of internal losses in the absence of external losses. Finally, when internal losses are above 50%, SU(1,1) interferometers outperform classical SU(2) interferometers.
QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Kristina Bertl, Sophie Livia Kogelnik, Edmund Kukla, Harald Herrmann, Steffen Schneider, Gabriela Altorjai, Andreas Stavropoulos
Summary: The study aims to investigate the oral health-related standard of care in HNC treatment across the EU. The findings revealed significant variations in dental assessment and preventive dentistry routines among different regions. However, including dental professionals in interdisciplinary treatment teams and providing dental treatment within the same hospital appear to improve the standard of care.
Review
Hematology
Peter Valent, Irina Sadovnik, Barbara Peter, Daniel Ivanov, Axel Schulenburg, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Michael Willmann, Thomas Ruelicke, Harald Herrmann, Werner Rabitsch, Heidrun Karlic, Karoline V. Gleixner, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Gregor Hoermann, Maik Dahlhoff, Michael Pfeilstoecker, Felix Keil, Thomas Lion, Thomas W. Grunt
Summary: The Vienna Cancer Stem Cell Club (VCSCC) was established in 2002 to support research on cancer stem cells and translate it into clinical applications. Over the years, the VCSCC has made significant contributions in the field of hematopoietic malignancies and leukemic stem cell research, organizing international conferences and discussions.
EXPERT REVIEW OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Matthias Moll, Harald Herrmann, Alexandru Zaharie, Gregor Goldner
Summary: The study evaluated the development of treatment for primary high-risk prostate cancer, focusing on bNED rates and acute GI side effects. Patients treated with 78 Gy had significantly better bNED rates compared to those treated with lower doses, with 50% more patients achieving bNED after a 9-year follow-up.
RADIOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
