Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 50, Issue 24, Pages 13318-13327Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03957
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada [STPGP 430659-12, RGPIN 2016-05022, 413978-12]
- Environment and Climate Change Canada
- PerkinElmer Health Sciences Canada
- SNC Lavalin Environnment
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Ag nanoparticles (nAg) are used in various consumer products and a significant fraction is eventually discharged with municipal wastewater (WW). In this study we assessed the release of Ag from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)- and citrate-coated 80 rim nAg in aerobic WW effluent and mixed liquor and the related changes in nAg size, using single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS). The concentration of dissolved (non particulate) Ag in WW effluent was 0.89 +/- 0.05 ppb at 168 h and was 71% lower than in deionized (DI) water, in batch reactors spiked with 5 x 10(6) PVP-nAg particles/mL (10 mu g/L), an environmentally relevant concentration. Dissolved Ag in WW was partly reformed into similar to 22 nm nAg(x)S(y) by inorganic sulfides and organosulfur dissolved organic carbon (DOC) after 120 h, whereas the parent nAg mean diameter decreased to 65.89 +/- 0.9 nm. Reformation of nAg(x)S(y) from Ag+ also occurred in cysteine solutions but not in DI water, or humic and fulvic acid solutions. Dissolution experiments with nAg in WW mixed liquor showed qualitatively similar dissolution trends. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicated binding of thiol- and amine-containing DOC as well as inorganic sulfides with nAg. Those WW components, as well as limited dissolved oxygen, decreased dissolution in WW.
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