In vitro anti-biofilm effect of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) agents against the USA300 clone

Objectives: Infection with a typical community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), the USA300 clone, has become a worldwide epidemic. Biofilm formation at the site of infection is one of the reasons for the development of intractable infectious diseases resulting from this clone. Here we evaluated the in vitro antibiofilm effects of anti-MRSA agents to identify the most effective agent against the USA300 clone embedded in biofilms. Methods: Vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, daptomycin, arbekacin and tigecycline were used as anti-MRSA agents. The biofilm permeability of the anti-MRSA agents was assessed using a biofilm-coated Transwell (R). Morphological and compositional effects of anti-MRSA agents against biofilms were analysed based on the distribution of fluorescence intensity using confocal laser microscopy. Bactericidal activities of the anti-MRSA agents against biofilm-embedded S. aureus were compared. Results: The permeability rates of linezolid (93.1%), daptomycin (91.3%), arbekacin (87.1%) and tigecycline (99.7%) for biofilms formed by the USA300 clone were found to be significantly higher than those of vancomycin (64.9%) and teicoplanin (62.3%) (P < 0.01). Confocal microscopic analysis showed that daptomycin greatly altered the biofilm morphology (decreased thickness and increased roughness) and markedly reduced the area occupied by the biofilm. Furthermore, daptomycin effectively reduced the extracellular DNA of biofilms and showed the highest bactericidal activity against biofilm-embedded USA300 clone among the anti-MRSA agents. Conclusion: The findings from this study demonstrate that, of the tested anti-MRSA agents, daptomycin is the most effective against biofilm-embedded USA300 clone in vitro. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.

Automated summary

The study evaluated the effectiveness of various anti-MRSA agents against the USA300 clone embedded in biofilms. Daptomycin was found to be the most effective agent, showing high permeability rates, altering biofilm morphology, reducing extracellular DNA, and exhibiting the highest bactericidal activity compared to other agents tested.