Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Izzah Vasim, Chaudry N. Majeed, Mark D. DeBoer
Summary: Given the strain of the obesity epidemic on public health outcomes, new approaches to weight control are necessary. Intermittent fasting, with its beneficial metabolic effects, is an option to consider for individuals with unhealthy weight gain patterns. However, further research is needed for long-term outcomes and it should be avoided in specific health conditions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Josip Vrdoljak, Marko Kumric, Marino Vilovic, Dinko Martinovic, Veljko Rogosic, Josip A. Borovac, Tina Ticinovic Kurir, Josko Bozic
Summary: Metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic abnormalities that have a high prevalence and economic burden worldwide. Fasting has emerged as a dietary method for controlling metabolic risk factors, although the effects on humans are still unclear. Preclinical studies have shown positive effects on gut microbiota, glucose and insulin metabolism, weight and visceral fat, and lipid metabolism. However, results from human studies are conflicting and more research is needed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda, Beatrice Morio, Mauro Tunon-Suarez, Sebastian Jannas-Vela, Francisco Diaz-Castro, Jennifer Rieusset, Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mitochondrial dynamics response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the metabolic transition from fasting to feeding. The results demonstrated that this transition reduces mitochondria-ER interactions, induces mitochondrial fission, and reduces mitochondrial cristae density in human PBMCs.
Article
Immunology
Hui Zhou, Xiyan Liao, Qin Zeng, Haowei Zhang, Jianfeng Song, Wanyu Hu, Xiaoxiao Sun, Yujin Ding, Dandan Wang, Yalun Xiao, Tuo Deng
Summary: Accumulation and activation of immunocytes in adipose tissues are important in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Chemokines, especially CCL5, play a crucial role in recruiting immunocytes to adipose tissue during obesity. CCL5 deficiency exacerbates adipose inflammation and impairs insulin sensitivity in obese mice. This study provides insights into the role of CCL5 in obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shuhei Fukunaga, Dan Nakano, Tsubasa Tsutsumi, Takumi Kawaguchi, Mohammed Eslam, Shinobu Yoshinaga, Hirohiko Abe, Ryuichi Nouno, Seiya Joh, Keiichi Mitsuyama, Jacob George, Takuji Torimura
Summary: This study investigated the impact of MAFLD and its subtypes on the incidence of reflux esophagitis. The results showed that MAFLD, especially lean/normal-weight MAFLD, is an independent risk factor for reflux esophagitis. Visceral adiposity was identified as the strongest metabolic risk factor for reflux esophagitis in lean/normal-weight MAFLD patients.
HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra Jankovic, Andjelika Kalezic, Aleksandra Korac, Biljana Buzadzic, Kenneth B. Storey, Bato Korac
Summary: This article discusses how hibernating animals survive by utilizing adaptive responses such as lowering body temperature and metabolic suppression, and how their tissues and organs sustain no damage during hibernation. Discovering the molecular mechanisms behind these hibernation processes can provide insights not only into hibernation itself, but also into complex medical conditions and overcoming limitations in space travel.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stepan Melnyk, Reza Hakkak
Summary: Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide. Animal models provide valuable clues regarding the etiology, development, prevention, and treatment of obesity. This study compared the serum metabolites of lean and obese female Zucker rats, revealing differences in the metabolic profile that contribute to a better understanding of systemic metabolic perturbations in the obese rat model.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenting Wang, Jianping Ren, Wenzhao Zhou, Jinyu Huang, Guomin Wu, Fenfang Yang, Shuang Yuan, Juan Fang, Jing Liu, Yao Jin, Haiyang Qi, Yuyang Miao, Yanna Le, Cenhong Ge, Xiantao Qiu, JinJing Wang, Ping Huang, Zixin Liu, Sheng Wang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS), and finds that lean NAFLD has a higher incidence of MS in females compared to males, and NAFLD poses a higher risk for MS than obesity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laurent Maimoun, Elise Bourgeois, Chris Serrand, Thibault Mura, Jean-Paul Cristol, Justine Myzia, Antoine Avignon, Denis Mariano-Goulart, Ariane Sultan
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in lean tissue mass, fat mass, muscle strength, and muscle function with aging in women with obesity. The results showed that appendicular lean tissue mass and muscle performances decreased with age, leading to an increase in the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity. However, the number of women affected by this condition remained low.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mengyi Liu, Zhuxian Zhang, Chun Zhou, Ziliang Ye, Panpan He, Yuanyuan Zhang, Huan Li, Chengzhang Liu, Xianhui Qin
Summary: This study explores the association between predicted fat mass and lean mass with mortality in the US general population, finding that both fat mass and lean mass are independent predictors of overall and cause-specific mortality. Age was found to significantly modify the associations.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yu-Ming Cheng, Jia-Horng Kao, Chia-Chi Wang
Summary: The study revealed that 16.5% of MAFLD patients were identified as lean MAFLD, with a higher proportion in older age and female subjects. Compared to lean healthy controls, lean MAFLD patients exhibited distinct metabolic characteristics and body composition differences compared to non-lean MAFLD patients.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Sylvain Giroud, Caroline Habold, Roberto F. Nespolo, Carlos Mejias, Jeremy Terrien, Samantha M. Logan, Robert H. Henning, Kenneth B. Storey
Summary: This review discusses the importance of torpor and hibernation in enabling animals to survive periods of low resource availability, highlighting characteristics such as metabolic adaptations and protective mechanisms associated with these states. Different species utilize torpor strategies to reduce energy needs in varying ways, with adaptations and protective mechanisms showing variations, warranting comparisons between monotremes and marsupials for understanding the origin and evolution of mammalian torpor.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Qiang Qu, Qixin Guo, Jinyu Sun, Xinyi Lu, Iokfai Cheang, Xu Zhu, Wenming Yao, Xinli Li, Haifeng Zhang, Yanli Zhou, Shengen Liao, Rongrong Gao
Summary: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) varied significantly in older adults with hypertension depending on the different appendicular lean mass indexes (ALMIs), ranging from 9.8%, 11.7%, to 19.6%. Patients with both low lean mass and obesity had a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Further large prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Imen Becetti, Vibha Singhal, Supritha Nimmala, Hang Lee, Elizabeth A. A. Lawson, Miriam A. A. Bredella, Madhusmita Misra
Summary: A study compared young individuals with severe obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy with non-surgical controls, and found that decreases in hormone OXT levels were associated with reductions in lean mass but not with decreases in fat mass or bone density. This suggests that OXT pathways may be targeted to prevent loss of lean mass following weight loss surgery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gabriela Batitucci, Eli V. Faria Junior, Jonatas E. Nogueira, Camila F. C. Brandao, Gabriela F. Abud, Gabriela U. Ortiz, Julio S. Marchini, Ellen C. Freitas
Summary: Combining intermittent fasting with high-intensity interval training can help improve body composition, maintain muscle mass stability, and enhance physical fitness and strength in women with obesity.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Nikolaus Huber, Sebastian Vetter, Gabrielle Stalder, Hanno Gerritsmann, Sylvain Giroud
Summary: During hibernation, neutrophils show significant changes in oxidative burst capacity, with a marked increase during arousals and a decrease during torpor. This dynamic may be temperature-compensated, as indicated by the different responses at varying body temperatures. These findings could have clinical implications for therapeutic hypothermia and reperfusion injury.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sylvain Giroud, Isabelle Chery, Mathilde Arrive, Michel Prost, Julie Zumsteg, Dimitri Heintz, Alina L. Evans, Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch, Jon M. Arnemo, Jon E. Swenson, Etienne Lefai, Fabrice Bertile, Chantal Simon, Stephane Blanc
Summary: Research shows that hibernating brown bears are able to avoid atherogenic hyperlipidemia during hibernation through mechanisms such as regulating lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism, increasing antioxidant capacities, and lowering inflammatory markers levels. This allows the bears to manage large lipid fluxes without developing adverse atherogenic effects seen in non-hibernating animals and humans.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Quque, Claire Villette, Francois Criscuolo, Cedric Sueur, Fabrice Bertile, Dimitri Heintz
Summary: The social organization of eusocial insects plays a significant role in shaping individual physiological traits, with specific metabolic signatures matching specific social roles such as queens, nest-workers, and foraging workers. Differentiated metabolites are involved in nutrient sensing and longevity pathways, indicating potential universality of molecular pathways related to aging across taxa.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Blandine Chazarin, Margaux Benhaim-Delarbre, Charlotte Brun, Aude Anzeraey, Fabrice Bertile, Jeremy Terrien
Summary: This study analyzed the liver proteome of grey mouse lemurs during winter to understand how they adapt to environmental energetic constraints. The results showed profound hepatic changes related to fat accumulation and reduced glucose utilization. However, no major regulation was seen in insulin signaling pathways. The study also found that fat mobilization may be linked to the reactivation of the reproductive system while enhanced liver detoxification may anticipate the return to summer food intake levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Charlotte Brun, Oscar Hernandez-Alba, Agnes Hovasse, Francois Criscuolo, Christine Schaeffer-Reiss, Fabrice Bertile
Summary: A study found that birds have high plasma glucose levels but do not exhibit protein glycation. This may be due to their unique structural features. However, high levels of glycated proteins were measured in the plasma of zebra finches. The correlations between glucose, age, and body mass with glycated proteins and hemoglobin isoforms suggest that these variables could be useful molecular tools to monitor glycation and its link with individual fitness.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Cussonneau, Cecile Coudy-Gandilhon, Christiane Deval, Ghita Chaouki, Mehdi Djelloul-Mazouz, Yoann Delorme, Julien Hermet, Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch, Cecile Polge, Daniel Taillandier, Julien Averous, Alain Bruhat, Celine Jousse, Isabelle Papet, Fabrice Bertile, Etienne Lefai, Pierre Fafournoux, Anne-Catherine Maurin, Lydie Combaret
Summary: Through studies on mice and hibernating brown bears, it is suggested that the induction of muscle atrophy-related genes by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) may not be associated with muscle atrophy. In addition, the pharmacological molecule halofuginone can affect the balance of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), thus protecting muscle mass. Therefore, halofuginone may provide a new avenue for combating muscle atrophy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin Quque, Charlotte Brun, Claire Villette, Cedric Sueur, Francois Criscuolo, Dimitri Heintz, Fabrice Bertile
Summary: Position within the social group has consequences on individual lifespans, especially in eusocial insects. This study analyzed the proteome and metabolome of black garden ant workers of different ages and social roles. The results revealed age-related differences primarily associated with worker subcaste rather than age, suggesting metabolic differences and potential cancer risk mitigation in extended lifespan.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Sylvain Giroud, Marie-Therese Ragger, Amelie Baille, Franz Hoelzl, Steve Smith, Julia Nowack, Thomas Ruf
Summary: Garden dormice hibernating in warmer temperatures have increased food intake, reduced hibernation time, and decreased body mass loss, resulting in better survival.
FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Birgitta Strandvik, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Johanna Painer, Carolina Backman-Johansson, Martin Engvall, Ole Froebert, Jonas Kindberg, Peter Stenvinkel, Sylvain Giroud
Summary: Factors for initiating hibernation are still unknown but it is related to consciousness/sleep and n-3 fatty acids in humans. This study examined the fatty acid profiles in the plasma of brown bears and garden dormice during hibernation and summer. The results showed consistent differences in fatty acid composition between hibernation and summer in both species, suggesting a potential link between hibernation phenotype and metabolism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vincent Piou, Caroline Vilarem, Solene Blanchard, Jean-Marc Strub, Fabrice Bertile, Michel Bocquet, Karim Arafah, Philippe Bulet, Angelique Vetillard
Summary: Varroa destructor is a widespread parasite that damages Western honey bee colonies. The parasite feeds on various developmental stages of the bees, but its exact diet and nutritional requirements are poorly understood. In a study, researchers found that the parasite could survive on different diets for several days or weeks, with bee larval hemolymph supporting the highest survival rates. Proteomic analysis also identified key energy metabolism proteins in larval honey bee plasma that may be crucial for the parasite's survival.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charlotte Brun, Coralie Allain, Pierre-Jean Ferron, Haifaou Younoussa, Bruno Colicchio, Eric Jeandidier, Radhia M'Kacher, Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo, Fabrice Bertile
Summary: The characteristics and fate of cancer cells are determined by the stiffness of their environment. The study found that high-density seeding and external physical stress can alter the phenotype of liver carcinoma cells and improve genomic stability, providing potential strategies for improving cancer prognosis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Haugg, Janus Borner, Gabrielle Stalder, Anna Kuebber-Heiss, Sylvain Giroud, Annika Herwig
Summary: This study investigates gene expression within the hypothalamus of hibernating garden dormice and provides valuable information on the differential gene expression involved in torpor. The results suggest that there are specific gene pathways related to hemostasis, extracellular matrix organization, and small molecule signaling that play a role in torpor. The study also found species-specific and overarching torpor mechanisms that may be explored in future comparisons of different species.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan W. Baranowski, Jessica L. Braun, Briana L. Hockey, Jenalyn L. Yumol, Mia S. Geromella, Colton J. F. Watson, Nigel Kurgan, Holt N. Messner, Kennedy C. Whitley, Adam J. MacNeil, Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch, Fabrice Bertile, William Gittings, Rene Vandenboom, Wendy E. Ward, Val A. Fajardo
Summary: The study examined the effects of 30 days of spaceflight on GSK3 content and serine phosphorylation in murine muscle and bone samples. It was found that spaceflight reduced GSK3 beta content in all missions, but its serine phosphorylation increased in two missions. The reduction in GSK3 beta was associated with the decrease in type IIA fibers, while inhibiting GSK3 before the fiber type shift increased muscle mass and promoted oxidative fiber type.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anais Beauvieux, Jean-Marc Fromentin, Diego Romero, Nathan Couffin, Adrien Brown, Luisa Metral, Jerome Bourjea, Fabrice Bertile, Quentin Schull
Summary: This study investigated the accumulation of trace element contamination in gilthead seabream juveniles and its impact on their health. The results revealed distinct contamination signatures between different coastal lagoons, which may affect the quality of nursery areas for various fish species. Using a proteomic approach, alterations in cellular and molecular responses were detected in the liver and red muscle, indicating potential adverse effects on the organisms. This study provides new insights into the effects of environmental pollution on seabreams and proposes biomarkers for trace element health effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2024)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Alexandra Thiel, Anne G. Hertel, Sylvain Giroud, Andrea Friebe, Boris Fuchs, Jonas Kindberg, Anne Randi Graesli, Jon M. Arnemo, Alina L. Evans
Summary: Animal models are important in translational medicine, but the effects of capture and surgery on animal physiology and behavior need to be evaluated. This study found that captured and surgically treated brown bears showed changes in behavior and physiology for days to months.