Article
Environmental Sciences
Hanna M. Kauko, Tore Hattermann, Thomas Ryan-Keogh, Asmita Singh, Laura de Steur, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Tone Falkenhaug, Elvar H. Hallfredsson, Gunnar Bratbak, Tatiana Tsagaraki, Terje Berge, Qin Zhou, Sebastien Moreau
Summary: Understanding the dynamics of phytoplankton bloom phenology in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean revealed the importance of sea ice retreat and zooplankton grazing in driving bloom initiation and termination, respectively. The study also highlighted the spatial correlation between primary productivity and topographic features, suggesting natural fertilization as a contributing factor. Further investigation into the identified bloom regimes in the area may help inform spatial management strategies and anticipate potential shifts in bloom timing due to environmental changes.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lavenia Ratnarajah, Stephane Blain, Philip W. Boyd, Marion Fourquez, Ingrid Obernosterer, Alessandro Tagliabue
Summary: The study examined competition for iron between phytoplankton and bacteria in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. Results show that increased iron and light favor phytoplankton dominance, while increased LDOC and decreased light favor bacterial dominance. Bacteria can outcompete phytoplankton for iron under elevated LDOC conditions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Miguel Cabrera-Brufau, Celia Marrase, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Sdena Nunes, Marta Estrada, M. Montserrat Sala, Dolors Vaque, Gonzalo L. Perez, Rafel Simo, Pedro Cermeno
Summary: Phytoplankton-derived organic matter plays a crucial role in sustaining heterotrophic marine life in regions with no terrestrial inputs. This study investigates the dynamics and drivers of the dissolved and particulate fractions of fluorescent organic matter (FOM) in the Southern Ocean. The results show that filtration has negligible effects on the fluorescence intensities of the visible FOM spectrum, indicating that dissolved fluorophores contribute the most to this signal. Additionally, protein-like fluorescence is primarily associated with particles, accounting for up to 90% of the total protein-like FOM.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
B. C. Kolody, S. R. Smith, L. Zeigler Allen, J. P. McCrow, A. Moustafa, D. Shi, B. M. Hopkinson, F. M. M. Morel, B. B. Ward, A. E. Allen
Summary: Nearly half of carbon fixation and primary production in the ocean come from marine phytoplankton, but their growth is often limited by nitrogen and iron. By studying the transcriptomic response of the entire phytoplankton community in Monterey Bay, we found that the response to iron and nitrogen limitation varies and the competitive bloom environment exerts selective pressure on major players.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christina Schallenberg, Robert F. Strzepek, Sophie Bestley, Bozena Wojtasiewicz, Thomas W. Trull
Summary: The ratio between fluorescence and chlorophyll-a varies in the world's oceans, with the highest ratios and variability observed in the Southern Ocean. In addition to species composition and chlorophyll packaging, iron limitation also plays a significant role in influencing this ratio. This study utilized radiometry data from BGC-Argo floats in the Southern Ocean to estimate chlorophyll concentration based on the light attenuation coefficient, revealing a positive correlation between fluorescence/chlorophyll ratio and a proxy for iron limitation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Enrico Ser-Giacomi, Ricardo Martinez-Garcia, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Michael J. Follows
Summary: Marine plankton are essential for carbon storage, global climate, and ecosystem function. This study introduces a new theoretical framework to track and model the dynamics of a drifting ecosystem embedded in a moving and diluting water patch. The research highlights the importance of considering physical processes and patch heterogeneity in interpreting and modeling marine ecosystems.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
B. Barone, R. M. Letelier, K. H. Rubin, D. M. Karl
Summary: The largest submarine volcanic eruption of this century caused a significant phytoplankton bloom north of Tongatapu Island in the Kingdom of Tonga. Using satellite observations, it was confirmed that the bloom was a real event and not an optical artifact caused by volcanic material. The timing, size, and location of the bloom suggest that plankton growth was primarily stimulated by nutrients released from volcanic ash.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Sudarsana Rao Pandi, Sarat C. Tripathy, S. S. Shaju, N. Anilkumar
Summary: This study evaluated the changes in bio-optical characteristics in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2011. The results showed that surface Chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton absorption coefficient increased with latitude, while Chlorophyll-a specific phytoplankton absorption decreased, indicating an increase in phytoplankton size with latitude. Additionally, the study found higher quantities of optical active substances at 57.5°E compared to 47°E, except for Polar Front 2.
REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rui Zhang, Pavla Debeljak, Stephane Blain, Ingrid Obernosterer
Summary: Iron plays a crucial role in the cycling of organic carbon in the Southern Ocean, but the strategies of diverse microbes in acquiring different forms of iron under seasonally changing organic carbon regimes are poorly understood. High-resolution seasonal metagenomic observations near Kerguelen Island revealed distinct seasonal patterns in the abundance of genes related to iron and organic substrate transport, siderophore biosynthesis, and carbohydrate-active enzymes. This study provides insights into the ecological strategies of iron acquisition and their potential impact on the microbial community composition and organic matter transformations in the Southern Ocean.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Solene Irion, Urania Christaki, Hugo Berthelot, Stephane L'Helguen, Ludwig Jardillier
Summary: This study measured the CO2-fixation of different groups of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean and found that small phytoplankton play a significant role in carbon fixation and export, especially after intense diatom blooms. The results highlight the importance of further exploring the role of small cells in CO2-fixation and export in the Southern Ocean.
Article
Oceanography
Juliano D. Ramanantsoa, P. Penven, R. P. Raj, L. Renault, L. Ponsoni, M. Ostrowski, A. F. Dilmahamod, M. Rouault
Summary: The southern extension of the East Madagascar Current (EMC) can be classified into three states: early retroflection, canonical retroflection, and no retroflection. Understanding the influence of current strength and eddies on retroflection formation can help predict marine phenomena in the southern part of Madagascar.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Marine
Emma Bazzani, Chiara Lauritano, Maria Saggiomo
Summary: Primary production in the Southern Ocean is limited by the availability of iron, which affects the whole ecosystem and biogeochemistry. There is extensive variability in iron availability between different areas and seasons, as well as co-limitations with other environmental factors. Climate change is altering the Southern Ocean environment, potentially modifying iron supply mechanisms and partially relieving iron stress on phytoplankton. However, the interactions between different environmental changes and their cascade effects are poorly understood, and further research is needed to fully understand this topic.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Cora Hoerstmann, Eric J. Raes, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Claire Lo Monaco, Uwe John, Anya M. Waite
Summary: The cycling of carbon and nitrogen in the ocean is influenced by both biological communities and abiotic factors. Physical oceanographic features constrain microbial phylogenetic diversity, while microbial activity responds to chemical factors. Assessments of microbial diversity and activity are important for understanding the complex responses of microorganisms to a changing ocean environment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Channing J. Prend, M. G. Keerthi, Marina Levy, Olivier Aumont, Sarah T. Gille, Lynne D. Talley
Summary: Primary productivity in the Southern Ocean is crucial for global biogeochemical cycles. This study reveals that year-to-year variations in surface chlorophyll (SChl), a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, are mainly influenced by sub-seasonal fluctuations, rather than low-frequency climate variability.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kyung Min Noh, Hyung-Gyu Lim, Jong-Seong Kug
Summary: The positive phase of the Southern annular mode (SAM) is associated with enhanced and poleward-shifted westerly winds, leading to physical and biogeochemical responses over the Southern ocean. Chlorophyll concentration in the Southern Ocean shows zonally asymmetric responses to SAM due to different limiting factors of phytoplankton growth per region, with increases in the western Amundsen-Ross Sea but decreases in the D'Urville Sea.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Limnology
Hannah L. Joy-Warren, Anne-Carlijn Alderkamp, Gert L. van Dijken, Loay Jabre, Erin M. Bertrand, Evan N. Baldonado, Molly W. Glickman, Kate M. Lewis, Rob Middag, Kyyas Seyitmuhammedov, Kate E. Lowry, Willem van de Poll, Kevin R. Arrigo
Summary: Light and iron availability are interconnected in controlling Southern Ocean primary production. Changes in light and iron can affect phytoplankton species composition and nutrient cycling. Light limits growth while iron does not, despite overall low iron concentrations.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kyyas Seyitmuhammedov, Claudine H. Stirling, Malcolm R. Reid, Robert van Hale, Patrick Laan, Kevin R. Arrigo, Gert van Dijken, Anne-Carlijn Alderkamp, Rob Middag
Summary: This study investigates the distribution of iron (Fe) in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during early sea-ice retreat, finding increased Fe inputs from ice melt and sediments contributing to higher Fe concentrations in shelf waters. The research suggests that Fe from melting sea ice and shallow sedimentary sources can enhance phytoplankton productivity in WAP waters, especially in off-shelf regions with improved light conditions.
Article
Oceanography
Ouyang Zhangxian, Andrew Collins, Yun Li, Di Qi, Kevin R. Arrigo, Yanpei Zhuang, Shigeto Nishino, Matthew P. Humphreys, Naohiro Kosugi, Akihiko Murata, David L. Kirchman, Liqi Chen, Jianfang Chen, Wei-Jun Cai
Summary: The Chukchi Sea is becoming a larger sink for CO2 due to rapid climate changes. Understanding the seasonal variations in air-sea CO2 exchange and the biogeochemical dynamics is crucial for predicting the impacts of climate change on the ocean and the feedbacks. The study finds that thermal and non-thermal effects have different impacts on sea surface CO2 levels and air-sea CO2 flux in different water masses. The findings also highlight the importance of phytoplankton stoichiometry in CO2 uptake.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Charlotte Eich, Tristan E. G. Biggs, Willem H. van de Poll, Mathijs van Manen, Hung-An Tian, Jinyoung Jung, Youngju Lee, Rob Middag, Corina P. D. Brussaard
Summary: This study investigates the impact of viral lysis and grazing on Antarctic phytoplankton using the modified dilution method. The results show that viral lysis is a principal loss factor for phytoplankton communities and ecosystem production in the Southern Ocean.
Article
Limnology
Claudette Proctor, Pierre Coupel, Karen Casciotti, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Emily Zakem, Kevin R. Arrigo, Matthew M. Mills
Summary: This study found that light and sea ice concentration are important controls on nitrification in the Chukchi Sea, while high ammonium concentrations enhance nitrification. Unlike previous studies, nitrification rates were found to be higher under low pH conditions. These findings will guide future research on the implications of climate change on nitrogen biogeochemistry in the Chukchi Sea.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Michael S. Dinniman, Pierre St-Laurent, Kevin R. Arrigo, Eileen E. Hofmann, Gert L. van Dijken
Summary: The upward advection or mixing of iron-rich deep waters driven by the rate of basal ice shelf melt is a primary control on chlorophyll a production in coastal polynyas over the Antarctic continental shelf. This study examined the effects of projected atmospheric changes in 2100 on this relationship using a 5-km resolution ocean/sea ice/ice shelf model. The modified atmospheric conditions resulted in increased heat advection onto the continental shelf, increased basal ice shelf melt, and increased dissolved iron supply to the surface waters.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Willem H. H. van de Poll, Talia Abi Nassif
Summary: The photophysiological characteristics of three species of Southern Ocean phytoplankton were studied during 7 weeks of darkness and subsequent recovery. Different species showed varying levels of decline in photosynthetic fitness during darkness, with Phaeocystis antarctica experiencing the strongest decline. The diatom C. simplex showed the strongest capacity for photosynthesis and growth during darkness. The maintenance of photosynthetic fitness during darkness was temperature dependent, with higher temperatures leading to a stronger decline.
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sian F. Henley, Stefano Cozzi, Francois Fripiat, Delphine Lannuzel, Daiki Nomura, David N. Thomas, Klaus M. Meinersg, Martin Vancoppenollej, Kevin Arrigo, Jacqueline Stefels, Maria van Leeuwe, Sebastien Moreau, Elizabeth M. Jones, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Bruno Delilleo
Summary: This study presents a new compilation of macronutrient concentration data in Antarctic land-fast sea ice, covering the full seasonal cycle. The research reveals a strong seasonal cycle of nutrient concentrations, with high levels in autumn and winter and utilization by ice algal communities in spring and summer. It also suggests a degree of nutrient limitation in ice algal primary production, with silicon limitation being the most prevalent. Various factors, such as brine convection and under-ice tidal currents, influence nutrient supply to fast ice.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hannah L. Joy-Warren, Kate M. Lewis, Mathieu Ardyna, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Marcel Babin, Kevin R. Arrigo
Summary: As sea ice continues to decline rapidly in the Arctic, the adaptation of phytoplankton to different light conditions was investigated in this study. Three different light regimes – under the ice, in the marginal ice zone, and in open water – were examined during the Green Edge cruise in Baffin Bay in spring-summer 2016. The experiments conducted demonstrated that phytoplankton are well-prepared for a transition to high light conditions, even when originating from low light environments under sea ice.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephanie M. Lim, Courtney M. Payne, Gert L. van Dijken, Kevin R. Arrigo
Summary: Sea ice algae in the Arctic Ocean play a crucial role in primary production. Climate change-induced sea ice loss poses a threat to their persistence, but the replacement of multiyear ice with first-year ice might partially offset this threat and support ice algal growth.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mathieu Ardyna, Douglas S. Hamilton, Tristan Harmel, Leo Lacour, Diana N. Bernstein, Julien Laliberte, Christopher Horvat, Remi Laxenaire, Matthew M. Mills, Gert van Dijken, Igor Polyakov, Herve Claustre, Natalie Mahowald, Kevin Robert Arrigo
Summary: The deposition of Siberian wildfire aerosols, containing nitrogen, enhanced phytoplankton growth in the eastern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean in summer 2014. This finding, supported by satellite-based ocean color data and atmospheric transport modeling, suggests that long range transport and deposition of wildfire aerosols can affect biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)