4.5 Article

Ivermectin also inhibits the replication of bovine respiratory viruses (BRSV, BPIV-3, BoHV-1, BCoV and BVDV) in vitro

Journal

VIRUS RESEARCH
Volume 297, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198384

Keywords

Ivermectin; Antiviral efficiency; In vitro testing; Bovine coronavirus; Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Bovine respiratory syncytial virus; Bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus; Bovine herpesvirus type 1

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Funding

  1. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [119 O 571]

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This study demonstrates that ivermectin inhibits the replication of various respiratory viruses and reduces the number of infectious virions for bovine respiratory viruses in vitro, such as BCoV, BVDV, BRSV, BPIV-3, and BoHV-1. The antiviral effect of ivermectin is dose-dependent and does not affect the attachment and penetration steps of viral replication.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is an important viral infection that causes huge economic losses in cattle herds worldwide. However, there is no directly effective antiviral drug application against respiratory viral pathogens; generally, the metaphylactic antibacterial drug applications are used for BRD. Ivermectin (IVM) is currently used as a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent both for veterinary and human medicine on some occasions. Moreover, since it is identified as an inhibitor for importin ?/?-mediated nuclear localization signal (NLS), IVM is also reported to have antiviral potential against several RNA and DNA viruses. Since therapeutic use of IVM in COVID-19 cases has recently been postulated, the potential antiviral activity of IVM against bovine respiratory viruses including BRSV, BPIV-3, BoHV-1, BCoV and BVDV are evaluated in this study. For these purposes, virus titration assay was used to evaluate titers in viral harvest from infected cells treated with noncytotoxic IVM concentrations (1, 2.5 and 5 ?M) and compared to titers from non-treated infected cells. This study indicated that IVM inhibits the replication of BCoV, BVDV, BRSV, BPIV-3 and BoHV-1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro as well as number of extracellular infectious virions. In addition, it was demonstrated that IVM has no clear effect on the attachment and penetration steps of the replication of the studied viruses. Finally, this study shows for the first time that IVM can inhibit infection of BRD-related viral agents namely BCoV, BPIV-3, BVDV, BRSV and BoHV-1 at the concentrations of 2.5 and 5 ?M. Consequently, IVM, which is licensed for antiparasitic indications, also deserves to be evaluated as a broad-spectrum antiviral in BRD cases caused by viral pathogens.

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