Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Q. Sun, G. Li, D. Liu, W. Xie, W. Xiao, Y. Li, M. Cai
Summary: Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease, and recent research has shown the significant role of peripheral nerves in pain sensation and subchondral bone homeostasis regulation. Understanding the distribution and function of peripheral nerves in bone can help develop novel therapeutic approaches to prevent osteoarthritis and alleviate pain.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria J. Gonzalez-Rellan, Marcos F. Fondevila, Carlos Dieguez, Ruben Nogueiras
Summary: O-GlcNAcylation, governed by the activity of OGT and OGA enzymes, plays a crucial role in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation of blood glucose levels can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jing Zhu, Yier Zhou, Bihui Jin, Jing Shu
Summary: Estrogen plays a vital role in regulating energy homeostasis throughout a woman's life, with receptors found in the brain and all body tissues. In the brain, estrogen via receptors regulates appetite, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism. In the body, estrogen has beneficial effects on weight control, fat distribution, glucose and insulin resistance, and adipokine secretion. Menopause-related decline in estrogen levels can lead to metabolic disturbances and a higher risk for diseases like Alzheimer's, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. This article reviews the role of estrogen and receptors in body composition and metabolic changes during menopause, providing insight into hormone therapy and potential novel therapeutic approaches.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Fosch, Sebastian Zagmutt, Nuria Casals, Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
Summary: SF1 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus play a crucial role in sensing glucose levels and mediating insulin and leptin signaling, as well as in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, particularly in the early stages of obesity. While studies have provided insight into the central role of these neurons in whole-body energy homeostasis, they have also raised new questions regarding the existence of neuronal sub-populations and the complexity of neurocircuitry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jose Donato, Frederick Wasinski, Isadora C. Furigo, Martin Metzger, Renata Frazao
Summary: Growth hormone plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism in the brain, affecting food intake, energy expenditure, blood sugar levels, and neuroendocrine changes. It acts as a hormonal factor that conveys homeostatic information to the brain to produce metabolic adjustments in order to promote energy homeostasis.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ochuko L. Erukainure, Motlalepula G. Matsabisa, Veronica F. Salau, Kolawole A. Olofinsan, Sunday O. Oyedemi, Chika I. Chukwuma, Adeline Lum Nde, Md. Shahidul Islam
Summary: Reduced glucose uptake and utilization has been linked to obesity and its complications. This study found that cannabinoid-stimulated glucose uptake increased antioxidative activities, modulated cholinergic and purinergic dysfunctions, and improved glucose-lipid homeostasis in adipose tissues.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Shiqi Ao, Wenjing Xu, Qianqian Ding, Xiaojian Gao, Xiaojun Zhang, Qun Jiang
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the glucose tolerance of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and investigate the underlying mechanisms that regulate glucose homeostasis. Results showed that M. rosenbergii demonstrated a rapid clearance of exogenous glucose and can efficiently regulate glucose homeostasis by activating glycolysis and anabolism pathways to convert glucose into trehalose, glycogen, and triglyceride.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wanbao Yang, Wen Jiang, Shaodong Guo
Summary: This article reviews the effects of different components of macronutrients on insulin sensitivity and their underlying mechanisms, highlighting the importance of adjusting the intake of beneficial food compounds for the prevention of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiao Mo, Xinhang Wang, Ningjing Liang, Ning Zhang, Yunqing Li, Zhijian Zheng, Qingqing Ao, Yijie Wu, Tingting Tang, Simi Liao, Yu Lei, Huan Ding, Bingxin Du, Mei Feng, Chengying Chen, Qianqian Shi, Lancheng Wei, Yue Huang, Cailing Lu, Shen Tang, Xiyi Li
Summary: The knockout of hepatic LCMT1 improves glucose intolerance and insulin resistance induced by high fat diet, indicating that inhibiting LCMT1 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for glucose metabolism disorders.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Helen Hertenstein, Ellen McMullen, Astrid Weiler, Anne Volkenhoff, Holger M. Becker, Stefanie Schirmeier
Summary: During hunger or malnutrition, animals prioritize ensuring the supply of nutrients to the brain for survival, a mechanism known as brain sparing. Research in Drosophila has shown that the expression of carbohydrate transporter proteins increases during starvation to facilitate efficient carbohydrate uptake, regulated by Rab-dependent intracellular shuttling and TGF-beta signaling. This study reveals an evolutionarily conserved regulatory paradigm for sugar transporter expression at the blood-brain barrier.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qi Lu, Zihe Wang, Shumin Bai, Ying Wang, Cheng Liao, Yaru Sun, Yi Zhang, Wei Li, Qingsong Mei
Summary: Optogenetics-based synthetic biology has great potential as a cell-based therapy for incurable diseases; however, controlling genetic expression strength and timing through closed-loop regulation based on disease state remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a smart hydrogel platform that combines glucose reversible responsive upconversion nanoprobes and optogenetic engineered cells, allowing adaptive control of optogenetic expressions for insulin secretion based on blood glucose levels. This intelligent system enables convenient maintenance of glycemic homeostasis without the need for additional glucose concentration monitoring, thereby avoiding hypoglycemia induced by genetic overexpression. This proof-of-concept strategy combines diagnostics with optogenetics-based synthetic biology, opening up a new avenue for nano-optogenetics.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ning Li, Chen Li, Boying Li, Chaoqun Li, Qi Zhao, Zhongming Huang, Yue Shu, Xiongwei Qu, Baiqi Wang, Shengliang Li, Chengfen Xing
Summary: In this study, biomimetic conjugated oligomeric nanoparticles were developed to modulate blood glucose homeostasis by activating calcium channels with near-infrared laser. The results showed that these nanoparticles effectively regulated glucose metabolism, holding promise for diabetes treatment.
Review
Cell Biology
Ibtesam Rajpar, Ryan E. Tomlinson
Summary: Recent research has revealed new roles for peripheral nerves in the musculoskeletal system, particularly in the development and repair of tissues like tendon and bone. Studies have shown that nerves play a more expansive role in these tissues than previously thought, with implications for therapeutic strategies in bone and tendon diseases.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ana Sofia Ferreira, Sofia Galvao, Rita Gaspar, Ana C. Rodrigues-Neves, Antonio F. Ambrosio, Paulo Matafome, Catarina A. Gomes, Filipa Baptista
Summary: Exposure to prenatal stress can lead to decreased body weight in both male and female offspring at birth, with females showing consistently lower weights. In adulthood, both sexes exposed to prenatal stress showed morphological disorganization of Langerhans islets, with females also displaying decreased insulin receptor levels in the liver and skeletal muscle.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Su Yon Jung, Parveen Bhatti, Matteo Pellegrini
Summary: This study conducted a population-level epigenome-wide association analysis and identified DNA methylation probes associated with insulin resistance (IR) that are also prospectively correlated with postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) development. The findings provide insights into the interconnected molecular pathways between IR and BC carcinogenesis and suggest the potential use of DNA methylation markers as preventive targets for IR and BC in postmenopausal women.
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2023)