Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Panpan Wang, Victor C. Y. Mak, Lydia W. T. Cheung
Summary: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays important roles in cancer development and metastasis. The type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) is a key member in the IGF axis and has been recognized for its oncogenic role in multiple cancer lineages. This article reviews the occurrence of IGF-1R aberrations and activation mechanisms in cancers, and discusses the available therapeutic agents for IGF-1R inhibition, including antisense oligonucleotide, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. Combination therapy targeting IGF-1R and other oncogenic vulnerabilities has shown promise, and new concepts such as blockage of nuclear translocation of IGF-1R are being explored to improve therapeutic efficacy.
Review
Oncology
Laura Paleari, Silvia Pesce, Mariangela Rutigliani, Marco Greppi, Valentina Obino, Franco Gorlero, Valerio Gaetano Vellone, Emanuela Marcenaro
Summary: Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer in the female genital tract, with management focused on understanding its hormonal nature, molecular and histopathological assessment, and potential immunotherapy approaches. The increasing incidence of EC due to risk factors like aging and obesity highlights the need for personalized treatment strategies.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yu-Bo Shi, Shu-Yuan Chen, Ren-Bin Liu
Summary: The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing at a shocking rate, and it has become a worldwide concern. Autophagy is a fundamental biological process in mammals, including humans, where cellular components are degraded and recycled for energy under extreme conditions. Dysregulated autophagy has been found to be involved in thyroid cancer progression, with its effects being bidirectional. Autophagy can be suppressed by therapeutic agents and is considered as a potential target for thyroid cancer treatments. This review provides a summary of autophagy mechanisms and its roles in thyroid cancer, as well as potential autophagy-targeted treatments, aiming to develop novel approaches for cancer control.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Reproductive Biology
Joanne S. Richards, Nicholes R. Candelaria, Rainer B. Lanz
Summary: The research on polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) and endoreplication reveals these cell subgroups play a key role in drug resistance mechanisms in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), suggesting that developing drugs to target PGCCs and endoreplication may be crucial for reducing the emergence of drug-resistant progeny.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jingxuan Zhou, Jiechen Wang, Xiaozhao Zhang, Qingming Tang
Summary: Circadian clocks play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and are closely related to cancer development. Chronotherapy for cancer treatment should leverage circadian rhythms for higher efficacy, and an individualized approach is recommended due to interpatient differences in circadian functions. Understanding the specific association between circadian clocks and cancers will pave the way for more effective clinical treatments.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Dan Liu, Hongtao Zhu, Chuanzhou Li
Summary: Galectin family members play critical roles in tumor progression by regulating autophagy and cancer progression, and galectin-based cancer treatment has great potential in the clinic.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Mengyuan Dai, Miao Liu, Hua Yang, Can Kucuk, Hua You
Summary: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown promising outcomes in cancer treatment, but the development of resistance has decreased their effectiveness. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms and combining epigenetic regulatory drugs with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors could provide a potential solution to this resistance.
EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sankar Jagadeeshan, Ofra Z. Novoplansky, Oded Cohen, Ina Kurth, Jochen Hess, Ari J. Rosenberg, Jennifer R. Grandis, Moshe Elkabets
Summary: This article reviews the alterations and pathway activations of RAS genes in head and neck cancer (HNC), highlighting their role in HNC initiation, progression, and metastasis. The intrinsic role of mutated-RAS in tumor cell signaling and its extrinsic role in determining tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity are discussed. Furthermore, the article summarizes the impact of RAS alterations on therapy resistance and explores the potential of targeting RAS as a single agent or in combination with other therapeutic agents for HNC patients with RAS-activated tumors.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Mai Nagasaka, Chiharu Miyajima, Hiromasa Aoki, Mineyoshi Aoyama, Daisuke Morishita, Yasumichi Inoue, Hidetoshi Hayashi
Summary: The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes and physiological processes. Acetylation plays a crucial role in cell fate determination through p53 activation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of p53 acetylation are still not completely understood.
Review
Oncology
Qiang Zou, Meng Liu, Kewei Liu, Yi Zhang, Brian J. J. North, Bin Wang
Summary: This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases in regulating essential hallmarks of cancer stem cells (CSCs), such as self-renewal, invasion and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. It discusses emerging therapeutic approaches to eliminate CSCs through targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases using chemical inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTACs). However, further studies are needed to understand the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the heterogeneity and phenotypical/functional evolution of CSCs under pathologically and clinically relevant conditions.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matthias Blueher, Mohini Aras, Louis J. Aronne, Rachel L. Batterham, Francesco Giorgino, Linong Ji, Kirsi H. Pietilainen, Oliver Schnell, Elena Tonchevska, John P. H. Wilding
Summary: Obesity is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide and is associated with various health risks. The treatment of obesity includes behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, but long-term weight maintenance is challenging. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of obesity have led to the development of novel and effective therapies, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, which have shown promising weight loss effects and improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors. These new agents may bridge the gap between traditional treatments and achieve better outcomes in obesity management.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lidan Zeng, Yueming Zhu, Carlos S. Moreno, Yong Wan
Summary: Despite advancements in cancer therapies, drug resistance continues to impede treatment success. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of tumor cell plasticity in cancer progression, stemness, and drug resistance. This phenotypical switch, driven by transcriptome alterations, involves pluripotent factors from the KLF and SOX families. This review focuses on summarizing recent studies on KLF4, KLF5, and SOX factors in cancer development, including their roles in initiation, invasion, hierarchy, heterogeneity, and lineage plasticity. Additionally, it discusses novel approaches, such as PROTAC and PPI targeting, that could be used to target undruggable transcription factors for improved cancer therapy outcomes.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maohua Huang, Yuning Lin, Chenran Wang, Lijuan Deng, Minfeng Chen, Yehuda G. Assaraf, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Wencai Ye, Dongmei Zhang
Summary: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth, but resistance to antiangiogenic therapy is a major challenge. This review describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy and potential biomarkers for predicting treatment response. It also discusses recent advances in combination strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Rui Liu, Yachun Jia, Guangyao Kong, Aili He
Summary: This review summarizes the role of m(6)A reader protein YTHDF2 in regulating RNA metabolism, cancer progression, and potential cancer treatment applications.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Yue Deng, Sicheng Cai, Jian Shen, Huiming Peng
Summary: Tetraspanins play diverse roles in the progression of gastric cancer, including promoting or inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion, regulating cell motility, and impacting lymph node metastasis. They also have significant clinical implications in therapeutic targeting, drug resistance development, and prognosis prediction for gastric cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
