4.2 Article

Earthquakes in Switzerland and surrounding regions during 2017 and 2018

Journal

SWISS JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
Volume 114, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

SPRINGER INT PUBL AG
DOI: 10.1186/s00015-020-00382-2

Keywords

Seismicity; Focal mechanisms; Seismotectonics; Urnerboden; Aar Massif; Chateau-d'oex; Prealpes; Fribourg; Jura fold-and-thrust belt

Funding

  1. Nationale Genossenschaft fur die Lagerung radioaktiver Abfalle (Nagra)
  2. SwissEnergy
  3. Swiss Federal Office of Energy
  4. Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research-Supply of Electricity
  5. St. Galler Stadtwerke (sgsw)
  6. Services Industriels de Geneve (SIG)
  7. Alpine Geothermal Power Production SA (AGEPP)
  8. Kanton Basel Stadt
  9. Industrielle Werke Basel (IWB)
  10. Swiss-AlpArray SINERGIA project by Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [CRSII2_154434/1]
  11. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [CRSII2_154434] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)

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This report summarizes the seismicity in Switzerland and surrounding regions in the years 2017 and 2018. The Swiss Seismological Service detected and located a total of 2,182 earthquakes during this period, with one of the strongest events being the Urnerboden earthquake.
This report summarizes the seismicity in Switzerland and surrounding regions in the years 2017 and 2018. In 2017 and 2018, the Swiss Seismological Service detected and located 1227 and 955 earthquakes in the region under consideration, respectively. The strongest event in the analysed period was the M-L 4.6 Urnerboden earthquake, which occurred in the border region of cantons Uri, Glarus and Schwyz on March 6, 2017. The event was the strongest earthquake within Switzerland since the M-L 5.0 Vaz earthquake of 1991. Associated ground motions indicating intensity IV were reported in a radius up to about 50 km and locally approached intensity VI in the region close to the epicentre. Derived focal mechanisms and relative hypocentre relocations of the immediate aftershocks image a NNW-SSE striking sinistral strike-slip fault. Together with other past events in this region, the Urnerboden earthquake suggests the existence of a system of sub-parallel strike-slip faults, likely within in the uppermost crystalline basement of the eastern Aar Massif. A vigorous earthquake sequence occurred close to Chateau-d'Oex in the Prealpes-Romandes region in western Switzerland. With a magnitude of M-L 4.3, the strongest earthquake of the sequence occurred on July 1, 2017. Focal mechanism and relative relocations of fore- and aftershocks image a NNE dipping normal fault in about 4 km depth. Two similarly oriented shallow normal-fault events occurred between subalpine Molasse and Prealpes units close to Chatel-St-Denis and St. Silvester in 2017/18. Together, these events indicate a domain of NE-SW oriented extensional to transtensional deformation along the Alpine Front between Lake Geneva in the west and the Fribourg Fault in the east. The structural complexity of the Fribourg Fault is revealed by an M-L 2.9 earthquake near Tafers in 2018. The event images a NW-SE striking fault segment within the crystalline basement, which might be related to the Fribourg Fault Zone. Finally, the M-L 2.8 Grenchen earthquake of 2017 provides a rare example of shallow thrust faulting along the Jura fold-and-thrust belt, indicating contraction in the northwestern Alpine foreland of Switzerland. ZusammenfassungDieser Bericht stellt eine Zusammenfassung der im Jahr 2017 und 2018 in der Schweiz und Umgebung aufgetretenen Erdbeben dar. Im Jahr 2017 erfasste und lokalisierte der Schweizerische Erdbebendienst im erwahnten Untersuchungsgebiet 1227 Erdbeben. Im Jahr 2018 lag diese Zahl bei 955 Erdbeben. Das starkste Ereignis im untersuchten Zeitraum war das M-L 4.6 Urnerboden Beben, welches sich am 6. Marz 2017 im Grenzgebiet der Kantone Uri, Glarus und Schwyz ereignete. Das Urnerboden Beben war das starkste Ereignis innerhalb der Schweiz seit dem M-L 5.0 Beben bei Vaz im Jahre 1991. Nahe dem Epizentrum erreichten die verursachten Bodenbewegungen eine makroseismische Intensitat der Stufe VI, und in einem Umkreis von bis zu 50 km wurden Intensitaten der Stufe IV verspurt. Herdmechanismen und Relativlokalisierungen von unmittelbaren Nachbeben deuten auf eine NNW-SSO streichende, sinistrale Blattverschiebung hin. Ahnlichkeiten mit weiteren Beben in der jungeren Vergangenheit in dieser Region weisen auf ein System von subparallelen Blattverschiebungen im obersten Teil des kristallinen Grundgebirges des ostlichen Aar Massivs hin. Eine au ss ergewohnlich starke Sequenz von Erdbeben ereignete sich zudem nahe Chateau-d'Oex, in der Region Prealpes-Romandes im Westen der Schweiz. Mit einer Magnitude von M-L 4.3 ereignete sich das starkste Beben dieser Serie am 1. Juli 2017. Herdmechanismen und Relativlokalisierungen von Vor- und Nachbeben deuten auf eine nach NNO einfallende Abschiebung in ungefahr 4 km Tiefe hin. Zwei weitere, ahnlich orientierte Abschiebungsbeben traten im Zeitraum 2017/18 nahe Chatel-St-Denis und St. Silvester im Bereich zwischen Subalpiner Molasse und den Prealpes Decken auf. Zusammengefasst deuten diese drei Abschiebungsbeben auf einen Bereich von NO-SW gerichteter Extension bzw. Transtension entlang der Alpenfront hin, welcher durch den Genfersee im Westen und der Fribourg-Verwerfung im Osten begrenzt ist. Ein M-L 2.9 Beben bei Tafers im Jahr 2018 erlaubt neue Einblicke in die komplexe Struktur der Fribourg Storung. Das Beben weist auf ein NW-SO streichendes Verwerfungssegment im kristallinen Grundgebirge hin, das eventuell im Zusammenhang mit der Fribourg Verwerfung steht. Das M-L 2.8 Erdbeben, das sich im Jahr 2017 nahe Grenchen ereignete, stellt zudem ein seltenes Beispiel einer seismisch aktiven uberschiebung sudlich des Faltenjuras im nordwestlichen alpinen Vorland der Schweiz dar. ResumeCe rapport resume l'activite sismique en Suisse et dans les regions limitrophes au cours des annees 2017 et 2018. En 2017 et 2018, le Service Sismologique Suisse a detecte et localise respectivement 1227 et 955 seismes dans la zone consideree. L'evenement le plus puissant dans la periode analysee fut le seisme d'Urnerboden de magnitude M-L 4.6, qui s'est produit le 6 mars 2017 dans la region frontaliere des cantons d'Uri, de Glaris et Schwytz. Ce fut le plus grand seisme en Suisse depuis le seisme de magnitude M-L 5.0 a Vaz en 1991. Les mouvements du sol associes au seisme d'Urnerboden approcherent une intensite maximale de VI, et une intensite de IV fut reportee a une distance d'environ 50 km. Les mecanismes au foyer et les relocalisations relatives des hypocentres de repliques rendent compte d'une faille decrochante senestre de direction NNW-SSE. Le seisme d'Urnerboden et la sismicite historique environnante suggerent l'existence de failles decrochantes sub-paralleles, probablement dans la partie superieure du socle cristallin a l'extremite orientale du massif de l'Aar. Une autre sequence remarquable s'est produite pres de Chateau-d'Oex dans les Prealpes romandes en Suisse occidentale. Le plus puissant seisme de cette sequence s'est produit le 1er juillet 2017 avec une magnitude M-L de 4.3. Les mecanismes au foyer et les relocalisations relatives de ses precurseurs et repliques permettent de visualiser une faille normale avec un pendage vers le NNE a environ 4 km de profondeur. Deux evenements associes a des failles normales superficielles d'orientation similaires se sont produits en 2017 et 2018, entre les Molasses sub-alpines et les unites structurales des Prealpes, pres de Chatel-St-Denis et St. Silvestre. L'ensemble de ces evenements indiquent le long du front alpin, entre le lac Leman a l'ouest et la faille de Fribourg a l'est, un domaine NE-SW oU s'opere une transition de deformation entre une region d'extension et une region de transtension. La complexite structurale de cette derniere est revelee par un seisme d'une magnitude M-L 2.9 pres de Tavel en 2018. Cet evenement decrit un segment de faille NW-SE au sein du socle cristallin, qui pourrait etre relie a la zone de faille de Fribourg. Enfin, le seisme de magnitude M-L 2. 8 a Grenchen en 2017 procure une information rare sur la dynamique active de la partie superficielle de la ceinture de chevauchement du Jura dans l'avant-pays nord-ouest-alpin Suisse.

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