Article
Mathematics, Applied
Mohamed Abd Allah El-Hadidy
Summary: This paper introduces a novel model and algorithm to detect COVID-19 infected person in a limited department capacity. The algorithm relies on Laplace transform to calculate the exact probability of persons in the department. Through numerical examples, the model's utility is illustrated in describing the behavior of probabilities of persons, detection probabilities of infected person, and mean time to detection.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nils Henrik Kolnes, Snorre Nilsen Eikeland, Tor Albert Ersdal, Geir Sverre Braut
Summary: A stochastic model estimated the consequences of a COVID-19 super spreader event in Stavanger, Norway, showing that implementing infection control regulations can significantly reduce the number of infections and quarantines.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea C. Gomez, Tamin Ortiz, Angelica Valenzuela, Rocio Egoavil-Espejo, Rosario Huerto-Huanuco, Joseph A. Pinto, Jose Lagos, Joaquim Ruiz
Summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 co-infected with multiple multidrug-resistant bacteria. The results showed the presence of multiple microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, in COVID-19 patients, with high levels of antibiotic resistance. This highlights the need to strengthen control measures to limit the spread of almost untreatable multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
K. C. Santosh, Nicholas Rasmussen, Muntasir Mamun, Sunil Aryal
Summary: This article reviews the latest research in 2020 and 2021 on using AI-guided tools to analyze cough sounds for COVID-19 screening. AI tools have played a crucial role in mass screening through machine learning algorithms.
PEERJ COMPUTER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Johanna Tuulikki Kaulamo, Anne Marika Latti, Heikki Olavi Koskela
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of acute, subacute, and chronic cough in an elderly population in Finland. The results showed that chronic cough was more prevalent in the elderly than in younger adults and had multiple risk factors.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alberto Tena, Francesc Claria, Francesc Solsona
Summary: This study aims to design a free, fast, and efficient method for automatically detecting COVID-19 in raw audio files. By extracting cough features and using machine learning algorithms for diagnosis, an accuracy close to 90% was achieved. The research demonstrates the feasibility of automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 from coughs, and its applicability to detecting new outbreaks.
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Justin Lessler, M. Kate Grabowski, Kyra H. Grantz, Elena Badillo-Goicoechea, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Carly Lupton-Smith, Andrew S. Azman, Elizabeth A. Stuart
Summary: Research suggests that school-based mitigation measures can significantly reduce COVID-19 risk, with a significant relationship no longer observed when seven or more measures are implemented. Additionally, teachers working outside the home are associated with an increased risk of COVID-19, similar to other occupations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kirsten E. Wiens, Claire P. Smith, Elena Badillo-Goicoechea, Kyra H. Grantz, M. Kate Grabowski, Andrew S. Azman, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Justin Lessler
Summary: This study examines the changes in in-person schooling behavior and associated risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal an increase in in-person schooling and a decrease in mitigation measures over time. In-person schooling is linked to a greater reporting of COVID-19 outcomes, even among vaccinated individuals. However, adequate mitigation measures can eliminate the excess risk associated with in-person schooling.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sergey Vecherin, Derek Chang, Emily Wells, Benjamin Trump, Aaron Meyer, Jacob Desmond, Kyle Dunn, Maxim Kitsak, Igor Linkov
Summary: This paper presents a novel model for COVID-19 infection risks and policy evaluations, which combines the best principles of different approaches. It allows for effective risk assessment and policy evaluation, particularly suitable for COVID-19 risk assessments.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Woo-Jung Song, Christopher K. M. Hui, James H. Hull, Surinder S. Birring, Lorcan McGarvey, Stuart B. Mazzone, Kian Fan Chung
Summary: Cough is a common symptom of COVID-19 and can persist for weeks or even months after infection, leading to long-term effects known as post-COVID syndrome. Researchers hypothesize that neurotropic pathways may be responsible for cough hypersensitivity state after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and neuroinflammatory events in the brain could contribute to the development of post-COVID syndrome. There are gaps in understanding the mechanisms of acute and chronic COVID-19 associated cough and post-COVID syndrome, but potential ways to reduce the impact of COVID-19 by controlling cough are being considered.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mesut Melek
Summary: This passage discusses the emergence of the novel coronavirus in China, its rapid spread globally, and the role of computer-aided digital technologies in diagnosing COVID-19.
NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kana Kazawa, Ayuto Kodama, Kaoru Sugawara, Mikio Hayashi, Hidetaka Ota, Daisuke Son, Shinya Ishii
Summary: The study revealed the importance of collaboration among caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can strengthen their relationships. Realigning caregivers' perceptions towards care priorities for older people with dementia can lead to positive changes in their relationships.
Article
Mechanics
Nirvik Sen, K. K. Singh
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in online shopping as people practice social distancing. However, interactions during doorstep deliveries can still pose a risk, with factors such as wind velocity, direction, ventilation, and door opening affecting the transmission and evaporation of cough droplets.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Vena Pearl Bongolan, Jose Marie Antonio Minoza, Romulo de Castro, Jesus Emmanuel Sevilleja
Summary: This study aimed to develop a model that considers age as a factor and to account for the effects of quarantine on the progress of the SEIR model. The age-stratified probabilities from Hubei, China, were used to estimate infection and mortality rates in Quezon City, Philippines. The inclusion of age stratification and quarantine effects in the model provided good qualitative agreement with observed infection and death rates.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Andreas Wack
Summary: A new study compares severe and moderate cases of COVID-19 and finds a link between defects in viral sensing, interferon and antigen presentation pathways, as well as upregulated apoptosis and inflammatory pathways, to high COVID-19 severity.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Correction
Mechanics
Abhishek Mishra, Lyazid Djenidi, Amit Agrawal
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Vijai Laxmi, Suhas S. Joshi, Amit Agrawal
Summary: Selective isolation of human blood cells has various applications in disease diagnosis, prognostics, drug discovery, and drug delivery. Microfluidics-based methods offer advantages such as low cost, ease of operation, compact size, and requiring a lower sample volume. This review discusses different microfluidic techniques for isolating white blood cells, including their working mechanisms, microdevice designs, and performance parameters, and also provides a brief overview of the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of these microdevices.
JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Abhishek Mishra, Lyazid Djenidi, Amit Agrawal
Summary: This study investigates the effect of jet pulsations on the development of a wall jet in the uphill region of an inclined water jet. The results show that pulsations have no significant effect on the free jet region, but influence the development and velocity decay rate of the wall jet. The Reynolds number and jet impingement angle also affect the development and velocity decay of the wall jet.
Article
Mechanics
Sandeep Goli, Sandip K. Saha, Amit Agrawal
Summary: This work presents a numerical and experimental study on the flow physics and characterization in hourglass microchannels. The study finds a unique length scale to represent the microchannel and investigate the effects of various geometric and flow parameters on the flow behavior. The results show the relationship between pressure drop and convergence-divergence angle, width ratio, length, and Reynolds number, and highlight the importance of convergence-divergence angle and width ratio as critical parameters. This study provides insights into the flow characteristics of hourglass microchannels, which can be useful for engineering applications.
Article
Mechanics
Yagya Narayan, Sanghamitro Chatterjee, Amit Agrawal, Rajneesh Bhardwaj
Summary: Face masks are essential in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. By introducing an intermediate HEPA filter layer, a two-layer cloth mask can effectively prevent liquid contamination and improve protection.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ambuj Amitab Jha, Amit Agrawal
Summary: This study investigates the application of gaseous flow involving axial heat diffusion and identifies deviations in hydrodynamic and thermal aspects when using conventional methods. The results show that considering axial conduction and radial advection leads to discrepancies in the flow field and derived parameters. It is observed that the required pipe length is overestimated when variations in thermophysical properties are not taken into account.
Article
Mechanics
Udaysinh S. Bhapkar, Abhishek Mishra, Harekrishna Yadav, Amit Agrawal
Summary: This experimental study investigated the flow characteristics of synthetic jets emitted from different orifice shapes. The results showed that the wall jet from the elliptical orifice had higher energy-containing vortices and a delayed self-similarity compared to other orifice shapes. The elliptical orifice also had relatively higher normal and shear stresses. In addition, for a larger nozzle to surface spacing, the rectangular orifice shape resulted in a shifting of the self-similarity location.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hrisheekesh Krishnan, Amit Agrawal, Atul Sharma
Summary: In this study, the effect of two spectrally simple nonharmonic inline forcing waveforms on the wake response of a square cylinder was investigated. Different wake response characteristics were observed under nonharmonic forcing compared to harmonic forcing. The study also revealed that the wake may act as a low pass filter for inline flow frequency components above the natural vortex shedding frequency.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sarvesh Shukla, Namshad Thekkethil, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal, Rajneesh Bhardwaj
Summary: This study numerically investigates the fluid-structure interaction of free-stream flow across a NACA0012 hydrofoil with traveling wave-based surface undulation. The study explores the impact of wave characteristics on near-wake flow and propulsive performance, revealing different vortex patterns and potential applications in autonomous underwater vehicles or energy harvesting devices.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Siddharth Gupta, Amit Agrawal, Kerry Hourigan, Mark C. Thompson, Atul Sharma
Summary: Anguilliform and carangiform fish have different body shapes and propulsion mechanisms. This study investigates the effect of adaptive kinematics on fluid dynamics and propulsive performance using a computational model. The results show that adopting different kinematics leads to changes in thrust coefficient and quasi-propulsive efficiency. Flow characteristics such as pressure distribution, vortex strength, and jet velocity are correlated with propulsive performance.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ratan Ahuja, Anvesh Gaddam, Suhas S. Joshi, Amit Agrawal
Summary: In this study, numerical simulations were conducted to examine the lubricant depletion in a dovetail-shaped cavity microchannel under shear flow. The results show that a less viscous external liquid helps to retain the lubricant better. Different meniscus shapes were observed based on the magnitude of external shear, with three stable and two failure shapes identified. The effect of cavity opening was found to be independent of flow rate as the viscosity ratio decreased. These findings will contribute to the design of robust lubricant-infused surfaces.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Siddharth Gupta, Jisheng Zhao, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal, Kerry Hourigan, Mark C. C. Thompson
Summary: The study investigates the 2-D and 3-D wake transitions of a NACA0012 airfoil at different angles of attack and Reynolds numbers. The results show that the transition from 2-D to 3-D flow occurs through a mode C transition. Further instabilities of the 2-D periodic base flow are also observed. The study provides valuable insights into the flow transitions of aerodynamic bodies.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Shivji Prasad Yadav, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal
Summary: This paper presents a continuum approach for blood flow simulation inside micro-channels using the finite volume method. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved to obtain velocity and pressure fields, while a particle transport equation is utilized to calculate the hematocrit distribution. The study shows that the proposed approach provides meaningful insights into biophysics with lower computational cost and good agreement with experiments and mesoscale simulations.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Upendra Yadav, Anirudh Jonnalagadda, Amit Agrawal
Summary: The paper presents a derivation method for analytical equations of non-continuum macroscopic transport phenomena based on approximate descriptions of the particle distribution function. It proposes a compact representation of the second-order correction to the Maxwellian distribution function and 13-moment transport equations. Validation studies show improvements over using Navier-Stokes equations and Grad's 13-moment equations in capturing high Knudsen number flows. The proposed equations accurately capture the Knudsen boundary layer in the force-driven plane Poiseuille flow problem.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Vijai Laxmi, Suhas S. Joshi, Amit Agrawal
Summary: Currently, the main method for detecting COVID-19 infection is RT-PCR performed on swabs taken from the nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal regions. Other detection techniques such as nucleic acid amplification and ELISA have also been proposed and used. However, these techniques are limited to central hospitals and pathologies. Point-of-care solutions, such as the proposed microdevice, could be crucial in enabling rapid and convenient detection at home. The microdevice can separate platelet-rich plasma, study platelet properties, and detect infection by separating plasma, offering a comprehensive solution for point-of-care application, especially when integrated with other technologies and machine learning algorithms.
BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS & ENGINEERING EXPRESS
(2023)
