Signal processing assisted Vernier effect in a single interferometer for sensitivity magnification

The Vernier effect magnifies optical sensitivity by the superposition of two spectra with slightly shifted frequencies from a sensing interferometer (SIM) and a reference interferometer (RIM). In this study, we demonstrate that the Vernier effect can be obtained through a single interferometer, which detects the changed signal and provides an artificial reference spectrum (ARS) to be superposed with the changed signal spectrum. The ARS extracted by spatial frequency down-conversion of one sensing spectrum in the signal processing is not affected by environmental changes and can be detuned at an arbitrarily small amount with the measured signal spectrum. This approach is simpler and accurate and provides ultrahigh sensitivity. To validate the principle, a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer based on a dual-mode microfiber was designed for sensing the refractive index (RI) change magnification, and a high sensitivity of 71354.58 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) was obtained with good linearity. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

Automated summary

The Vernier effect can be achieved through a single interferometer, simplifying the process and providing high accuracy for enhancing optical sensitivity. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on a dual-mode microfiber was designed to achieve high sensitivity in detecting refractive index changes.