Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yusheng Bian, Koushik Ramachandran, Zhuo-Jie Wu, Brittany Hedrick, Kevin K. Dezfulian, Thomas Houghton, Karen Nummy, Daniel W. Fisher, Takako Hirokawa, Keith Donegan, Francis O. Afzal, Monica Esopi, Vaishnavi Karra, Won Suk Lee, Massimo Sorbara, Jorge Lubguban, Jae Kyu Cho, Rongtao Cao, Hanyi Ding, Sujith Chandran, Michal Rakowski, Abdelsalam Aboketaf, Subramanian Krishnamurthy, Scott Mills, Bo Peng, Jeff Pepper, Suruj Deka, Wen Feng, Steven Rishton, Marcel Boudreau, Dylan Logan, Ryan Hickey, Prova Christina Gomes, Kyle Murray, Arnab Dewanjee, Dave Riggs, Norman Robson, Ian Melville, Rod Augur, Robert Fox, Vikas Gupta, Anthony Yu, Ken Giewont, John Pellerin, Ted Letavic
Summary: Enabling cost-effective and power-efficient laser source on a silicon photonics (SiPh) platform is a major goal. In this study, we achieved hybrid flip-chip integration of III-V lasers on a 300-mm monolithic SiPh platform. We demonstrated efficient laser-to-SiPh-circuit butt-coupling with optical power up to 20 mW and characterized key performance metrics after laser integration. Additionally, we explored alternative spot-size converters to enhance coupling efficiency and relaxed fabrication tolerance.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zi Wang, Yahui Xiao, Kun Liao, Tiantian Li, Hao Song, Haoshuo Chen, S. M. Zia Uddin, Dun Mao, Feifan Wang, Zhiping Zhou, Bo Yuan, Wei Jiang, Nicolas K. Fontaine, Amit Agrawal, Alan E. Willner, Xiaoyong Hu, Tingyi Gu
Summary: This article reviews an alternative method of defining light flow in integrated photonic circuits using subwavelength meta-atoms or metalines. The role of metasurfaces in integrated photonic signal processing systems and the design principles of such systems are discussed.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiaoning Jia, Joris Roels, Roel Baets, Gunther Roelkens
Summary: This paper presents a fully integrated NDIR CO2 sensor implemented on a silicon chip, using an LED as the optical source and photodiodes as detectors bonded by two silicon substrates. The sensor showed a detection limit of approximately 750 ppm for CO2 concentration. The cross-sensitivity to water vapor was minimal, indicating potential for low-cost and highly miniaturized sensors.
Article
Optics
Geun Ho Ahn, Alexander D. White, Hyungjin Kim, Naoki Higashitarumizu, Felix M. Mayor, Jason F. Herrmann, Wentao Jiang, Kevin K. S. Multani, Amir H. Safavi-Naeini, Ali Javey, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: Many attractive photonics platforms lack integrated photodetectors due to material incompatibilities and lack of process scalability. This research shows that tellurium can be evaporated onto photonic chips using a thermal evaporation and deposition technique, resulting in air-stable, high-speed, ultrawide-band photodetectors. These photodetectors demonstrate detection from visible to short-wave infrared, a bandwidth of over 40 GHz, and platform-independent scalable integration with various photonic structures.
Article
Optics
Cameron M. Naraine, Jocelyn N. Westwood-Bachman, Cameron Horvath, Mirwais Aktary, Andrew P. Knights, Jens H. Schmid, Pavel Cheben, Jonathan D. B. Bradley
Summary: Subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterial waveguides and ring resonators on a silicon nitride platform are proposed and demonstrated. The SWG waveguide achieves a large overlap (53%) of the Bloch mode with the top cladding material, showing great potential for evanescent field sensing and light amplification. Fabricated using a commercial rapid turn-around silicon nitride prototyping foundry process, the devices have critical dimensions greater than 100 nm. Experimental characterization reveals excellent internal quality factor (2.11 x 10(5)) and low propagation loss (approximately 1.5 dB cm(-1)) in the C-band, surpassing silicon-based SWG ring resonators. These results demonstrate the promising prospects of SWG metamaterial structures for silicon nitride based photonic integrated circuits.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Optics
B. Chmielak, S. Suckow, J. Parra, V. C. Duarte, T. Mengual, M. A. Piqueras, A. L. Giesecke, M. C. Lemme, P. Sanchis
Summary: An enhanced grating coupler design based on an amorphous silicon layer on top of silicon nitride is proposed to improve the directionality of the coupler, while maintaining low waveguide losses.
Article
Optics
Lukas Elsinger, Robin Petit, Frederik Van Acker, Natalia K. Zawacka, Ivo Tanghe, Kristiaan Neyts, Christophe Detavernier, Pieter Geiregat, Zeger Hens, Dries Van Thourhout
Summary: Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are shown to be a promising light source for visible photonics, with integrated LED devices featuring high current density, power density, and low dark current. These devices are expected to find applications in absorption spectroscopy, bio-sensing, and could potentially be used for building electrically pumped lasers at a low cost.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Wei Gao, Xin Li, Liangjun Lu, Chenghan Liu, Jianping Chen, Linjie Zhou
Summary: This paper reports a large-scale 32 x 32 S&S optical switch on a multi-layer Si3N4-on-SOI platform. The switch chip incorporates 1984 broadband thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based switch elements, 246,016 three-dimensional (3D) waveguide crossings, and 2048 interlayer couplers. It achieves approximately 1 dB 3D waveguide crossings and approximately 0.3 dB interlayer couplers, reducing the overall insertion loss and footprint of the switch chip. The measured average fiber-to-fiber insertion loss is 12.88 dB at 1580 nm wavelength, and the crosstalk is less than -20.7 dB. The power consumption of the entire switch chip is only approximately 0.98 W. High-fidelity optical transmission of a 50 Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying signal verifies the high-performance routing capability of this chip. These results suggest that the large-scale optical switch with broadband, low crosstalk, and high-power efficiency is promising for datacenter optical network applications.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingya Xie, Wangcheng Ye, Linjie Zhou, Xuguang Guo, Xiaofei Zang, Lin Chen, Yiming Zhu
Summary: In the past few decades, terahertz (THz) technologies have been greatly enhanced and investigated due to possible opportunities in various applications. Photonics plays a key role in the generation, modulation, and detection of THz waves, while researchers are exploring ways to use silicon photonics for THz applications. Challenges remain in high-quality hybrid silicon lasers, conversion efficiency, device integration, and fabrication for THz integrated systems.
Article
Optics
Carlos Perez-Armenta, Alejandro Ortega-Monux, Jose Manuel Luque-Gonzalez, Robert Halir, Jens Schmid, Pavel Cheben, Inigo Molina-Fernandez, J. Gonzalo Wanguemert-Perez
Summary: A polarization-independent 2 x 2 multimode interference coupler in a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator platform is designed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time using subwavelength grating metamaterial topology to control electromagnetic properties. The coupler operates for both TE and TM polarization states with polarization dependent loss, insertion loss, imbalance all less than 1 dB, and phase errors below 5 degrees in the wavelength range from 1500 nm to 1560 nm. The device has a small footprint of 3.5 µm x 47.25 µm and is fabricated using a single etch-step process compatible with immersion deep-UV lithography with a minimum feature size of 100 nm.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
S. Y. Siew, B. Li, F. Gao, H. Y. Zheng, W. Zhang, P. Guo, S. W. Xie, A. Song, B. Dong, L. W. Luo, C. Li, X. Luo, G. -Q. Lo
Summary: Silicon photonics has emerged as a solution to the increasing global demand for bandwidth, leveraging the research and development in silicon semiconductor processing to enable high yield, robust processing, and low cost. Various foundries now offer commercial production services and process design kits tailored for silicon photonics integrated circuits, facilitating the development and commercialization of the technology.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ziliang Ruan, Kaixuan Chen, Zong Wang, Xuancong Fan, Ranfeng Gan, Lu Qi, Yiwei Xie, Changjian Guo, Zhonghua Yang, Naidi Cui, Liu Liu
Summary: This study introduces a SiN and LN heterogeneous integration platform that supports high-performance EO modulators on SiN waveguide circuits. An efficient evanescent coupling structure is realized for low-loss light transitions between the SiN waveguide and the LN ridge waveguide. Based on this platform, an unprecedented EO Mach-Zender interference modulator on SiN is built with remarkable loss, efficiency, and bandwidth performances.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Seung-Ryeol Lee, Youngtaek Kim, Suryong Kim, Jiho Kim, Seonghyuk Park, Stephen Rhee, Dohyun Park, Byungjun Lee, Kyusuk Baek, Ho-Young Kim, Noo Li Jeon
Summary: This study presents a novel injection-molded plastic array 3D universal culture platform (U-IMPACT) that offers a versatile solution for various biological applications. The platform allows for cocultures of different cell types, as well as the cultivation of spheroids and tissues. By utilizing capillary action, the platform enables stable multichannel patterning without the need for modification. Experimental results demonstrate its potential in creating 3D tumor microenvironments and culturing neurospheres.
MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Optics
Ye Tian, Zhe Kang, Tingge Dai, Peipeng Xu, Yan Li, Yegang Lv, Xiaowei Zhang
Summary: This paper presents a broadband polarization rotator based on 70 nm-etched slab waveguides, which is compatible with all standard silicon photonic platforms. It achieves high efficiency and covers an ultra-wide bandwidth.
Article
Crystallography
Alfredo A. Gonzalez-Fernandez, Mariano Aceves-Mijares, Oscar Perez-Diaz, Joaquin Hernandez-Betanzos, Carlos Dominguez
Summary: The lack of monolithically integrable light sources has been a historical bottleneck for truly high scale integrated photonics. Quantum phenomena in embedded Si particles at the nanometer scale offer a way to overcome limitations for bulk Si to emit light. By using CMOS-compatible materials and techniques, integrable light sources based on Si nanoparticles and Si3N4 photonic elements can be obtained for integrated Si photonics, with the possibility of directly including photodetectors in standard Si wafers.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nicholas J. Dinsdale, Peter R. Wiecha, Matthew Delaney, Jamie Reynolds, Martin Ebert, Ioannis Zeimpekis, David J. Thomson, Graham T. Reed, Philippe Lalanne, Kevin Vynck, Otto L. Muskens
Summary: Recent breakthroughs in photonics have highlighted the need for new schemes for fully programmable nanophotonic devices. Although universal optical elements based on interferometer meshes underpin many new technologies, their large footprint restricts scalability. A proposed ultracompact platform using the complex transmission matrix of multiport multimode waveguides and deep learning inverse network approach allows control over both intensity and phase in multiport devices with a significantly reduced footprint compared to traditional technologies.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yang Hong, Ke Li, Cosimo Lacava, Shenghao Liu, David J. Thomson, Fanfan Meng, Xiaoke Ruan, Fan Zhang, Graham T. Reed, Periklis Petropoulos
Summary: The study presents a direct detection transmission using an integrated silicon optical receiver at over 100 Gb/s, demonstrating its effectiveness in various optical signal modes. By adjusting the TIA voltage supply, the integrated optical receiver can achieve high-speed optical transmission while balancing electrical bandwidth and transimpedance gain.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Youngho Jung, Sunghyun Bae, Kyungmok Kwon, Colin J. Mitchell, Ali Z. Khokhar, Graham T. Reed, James S. Wilkinson, Yun C. Chung, Kyoungsik Yu
Summary: Light-induced manipulation techniques are used to transport, trap, or levitate microscopic objects without direct physical contact, finding applications in biology, electronics, and photonics. By using a microbubble-based optofluidic pick-and-place assembly process, high-speed vertical electrical contacts can be achieved on silicon-based photonic integrated circuit chips.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jia Xu Brian Sia, Xiang Li, Wanjun Wang, Zhongliang Qiao, X. Guo, Jiawei Wang, Callum G. Littlejohns, Chongyang Liu, Graham T. Reed, Kian Siong Ang, Hong Wang
Summary: The 2 mu m waveband shows potential for pervasive applications, but high water absorption poses a challenge that requires the development of novel laser sources. The research team successfully demonstrated a III-V/Si hybrid tunable laser for the first time, operating within the low water absorption window.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xingshi Yu, Xia Chen, Milan M. Milosevic, Weihong Shen, Rob Topley, Bigeng Chen, Xingzhao Yan, Wei Cao, David J. Thomson, Shinichi Saito, Anna C. Peacock, Otto L. Muskens, Graham T. Reed
Summary: GER amplifier and annealing process can change the optical properties of silicon, enabling flexible testing and post-fabrication trimming of silicon photonics devices, reducing production costs and increasing yield.
Article
Optics
X. Chen, F. Meng, S. A. Fortune, A. J. Compston, M. Ebert, X. Yan, H. Du, M. Banakar, D. T. Tran, C. G. Littlejohns, D. J. Thomson, R. Nicolaescu, G. T. Reed
Summary: The research introduces a silicon photonic beam steering device based on grating couplers for light transmission, utilizing topside mirrors for high-efficiency out-coupling and direct integration of drive electronics, paving the way for denser focal plane arrays in the future. Preliminary tests showed a -13.8 dB fiber-to-fiber transmission around 1523 nm for the beam steering chip.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jia Xu Brian Sia, Xiang Li, Jiawei Wang, Wanjun Wang, Zhongliang Qiao, Xin Guo, Chee Wei Lee, Ashesh Sasidharan, S. Gunasagar, Callum G. Littlejohns, Chongyang Liu, Graham T. Reed, Kian Siong Ang, Hong Wang
Summary: The key advantage of silicon photonics lies in its potential for large scale integration at a low cost. This paper reports the development of a low-loss, high-bandwidth C-band silicon photonic platform on a 200 mm CMOS-compatible process line, demonstrating wafer-level performance.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Georgi V. Georgiev, Wei Cao, Weiwei Zhang, Li Ke, David J. Thomson, Graham T. Reed, Milos Nedeljkovic, Goran Z. Mashanovich
Summary: This paper reviews the development of near-IR and mid-IR photonic modulators, including the latest trends in optical and electrical integration, as well as the use of the thermo-optic effect for modulation and the emergence of new platforms.
Article
Optics
Yaonan Hou, Ilias Skandalos, Mingchu Tang, Hui Jia, Huiwen Deng, Xuezhe Yu, Yasir Noori, Spyros Stathopoulos, Siming Chen, Huiyun Liu, Alwyn Seeds, Graham Reed, Frederic Gardes
Summary: We investigate the surface and interface engineering on InAs quantum dot emitters using edge-emitting light-emitting diodes encapsulated with non-stoichiometric silicon nitride (SiN) layers. Our findings show that silicon-rich SiN is an excellent choice for both electrical and optical passivation, reducing surface recombination. However, N-rich SiN deposited by the same method does not provide effective passivation under electrical injection. This research provides important insights for the monolithic integration of InAs quantum dot emitters with CMOS photonics components.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2023)
Article
Optics
Weiwei Zhang, Martin Ebert, Ke Li, Bigeng Chen, Xingzhao Yan, Han Du, Mehdi Banakar, Dehn T. Tran, Callum G. Littlejohns, Adam Scofield, Guomin Yu, Roshanak Shafiiha, Aaron Zilkie, Graham Reed, David J. Thomson
Summary: Researchers have proposed a mechanism to enhance the extinction ratio of a low-quality-factor, high-speed ring modulator by harnessing the plasma absorption induced in a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor waveguide, paving a way to the evolution of optical interconnects to 100 Gbaud and beyond per wavelength.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xiansong Fang, Ke Li, David J. Thomson, Fan Yang, Shenghao Liu, Weiwei Zhang, Wei Cao, Callum G. Littlejohns, XingZhao Yan, Martin Ebert, Mehdi Banakar, Dehn Tran, Fanfan Meng, Han Du, Graham T. Reed, Fan Zhang
Summary: We investigated the performance boundary of integrated CMOS silicon photonics transmitters using DSP techniques, achieving 170Gbaud OOK generation and 120Gbaud 20km transmission with a low power consumption driver amplifier.
2022 ASIA COMMUNICATIONS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE, ACP
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Remus Nicolaescu, Christopher Rogers, Alexander Y. Piggott, David J. Thomson, Ion E. Opris, Steven A. Fortune, Andrew J. Compston, Alexander Gondarenko, Fanfan Meng, Xia Chen, Graham T. Reed
Summary: Accurate 3D imaging is crucial for machines to interact with the physical world, but existing technologies lack the broad applicability seen in 2D imaging. A new large-scale 3D imaging system has the potential to provide high depth accuracy and immunity to sunlight interference, with applications in robotics, autonomous navigation, augmented reality, and healthcare.
SILICON PHOTONICS XVI
(2021)