Deep eutectic solvent-based continuous sample drop flow microextraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for speciation and determination of chromium ions in aqueous samples

Deep eutectic solvent-based continuous sample drop flow-microextraction technique along with electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy has been developed as a green procedure to extract and measure chromium (Cr) speciation in aqueous samples. The efficacy of the independent variables was evaluated on the extraction efficiency through chemometric methods in three steps. The methods indicated good linearity for the analyte (R-2 = 0.9989). The analytical signal, under optimal conditions, was linear in the range of 0.1-20 mu g L-1. The limit of detection and quantification was estimated at the concentration of 0.096 and 0.162 mu g L-1, respectively. The precision like repeatability and reproducibility was assessed by calculating relative standard deviation (RSD %), and these values were lower than 4.1% and 12.6%, respectively. Consequently, the proposed procedure was used to extract and analyze Cr ion in real samples, indicating satisfactory recoveries (95.6-106.2%).

Automated summary

A deep eutectic solvent-based continuous sample drop flow-microextraction technique combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy was developed for extracting and measuring chromium speciation in aqueous samples. The method showed good linearity, low limit of detection and quantification, and precision in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained when analyzing Cr ion in real samples.