Review
Neurosciences
Nephi Stella
Summary: THC and CBD, produced by the same Cannabis plant, have similar chemical structures but differ in their mechanisms of action and effects. THC use is associated with impairments, while chronic CBD use can have significant side effects. Recent research provides insights for the development of cannabinoid-based therapies and safe use of Cannabis products.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Laura Schmid, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Christian Hilbe, Martin A. Nowak
Summary: Direct and indirect reciprocity are key mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation, and this study reveals unexpected connections and important differences between the two reciprocity mechanisms. A mathematical framework is introduced to explore both forms of reciprocity, showing that cooperation with generous strategies can be maintained under certain conditions.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liu Pingkuo, Han Xue
Summary: Hydrogen energy, as a low-carbon energy source, plays a crucial role in energy transition, but countries face different challenges and advantages in the development of the hydrogen industry. Currently, the development of hydrogen energy in each country is still in the stage of quantitative change, and the inflection point of qualitative change has not been reached.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Yulii D. Shikhmurzaev
Summary: A conceptual and mathematical framework has been developed for modeling non-equilibrium solidification/melting and non-isothermal dynamic wetting without singularities. This framework allows for a consistent description of fluid flows with phase transitions and dynamic wetting, without the need for ad hoc assumptions. The simplest model formulated based on this approach qualitatively explains experimental observations such as the arrest of moving contact lines in impact and spreading of molten drops on cold substrates, while also recovering classical Stefan problems and isothermal dynamic wetting models as limiting cases.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Felipe Maia Polo, Rafael Izbicki, Evanildo Gomes Lacerda, Juan Pablo Ibieta-Jimenez, Renato Vicente
Summary: In this study, a novel and flexible framework called DetectShift is proposed, which can quantify and detect multiple dataset shifts and is suitable for different types of data. It is valuable for adapting or retraining predictors and performs well in situations with limited labeled samples in the target domain.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jacqueline T. DesJardin, Joanna Chikwe, Rebecca T. Hahn, Judy W. Hung, Francesca N. Delling
Summary: As the global population ages, the burden of valvular heart disease has increased substantially, affecting a larger proportion of women. While rheumatic valve disease is declining in high-income countries, age-related degenerative causes are on the rise. Calcific aortic stenosis and degenerative mitral regurgitation significantly affect elderly women, especially those with comorbidities. Women with valvular heart disease have been underrepresented in important research studies, leading to delayed surgical referrals and poorer postoperative outcomes compared to men. Recent efforts to include women in research and clinical trials have provided valuable insights into sex-based differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment options, outcomes, and prognosis.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Peixin Li, Hengli Zhao, Jianyu Zhang, Yunshan Ning, Yan Tu, Dingli Xu, Qingchun Zeng
Summary: The new guidelines categorize heart failure into three subgroups based on ejection fraction (EF): HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF. HFmrEF patients are described as an intermediate population between HFrEF and HFpEF, with clinical prognosis closer to HFpEF and similar etiology and clinical indicators to HFrEF. Heterogeneity in presentation and pathophysiology between HFmrEF and HFpEF can impact disease prognosis and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Elena Gaburro
Summary: This work reviews a family of direct Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian finite volume and discontinuous Galerkin schemes that allow for robust mesh evolution by rearranging the mesh at each time step. Techniques for dealing with sliding lines and general unpredicted movements are presented. The final ALE FV-DG scheme integrates the space-time conservation formulation of the governing hyperbolic PDE system over arbitrarily shaped space-time control volumes to achieve high accuracy in space and time.
ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Optics
Yiming Zhou, Jacky C. K. Chan, Bahram Jalali
Summary: Photonic time stretch is a crucial technology that enables high throughput and continuous operation for single-shot data acquisition. This paper presents a unified mathematical model for time-stretch instruments, showing that the stretch factor plays a fundamental role in a wide range of these instruments. The paper also offers new insights into the operation of time-stretch imaging and light scattering systems.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
M. Nikodemou, L. Michael, N. Nikiforakis
Summary: The study aims to develop an integrated formulation for material response to detonation wave loading, focusing on elastoplastic structural response and miscible and immiscible behavior within condensed-phase explosives. The model solves systems of equations for the behavior of both the explosive and the elastoplastic behavior of the containers, showing accurate simulation of a wide range of problems involving reactive and inert materials within a single framework.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xu Chen, Brett Wujek
Summary: In this paper, we propose a novel unified framework called AutoDAL for automated distributed active learning to address multiple challenging problems in active learning. The framework is able to handle limited labeled data, imbalanced datasets, automatic hyperparameter selection, and scalability to big data. Experimental results show that the proposed AutoDAL algorithm achieves significantly better performance compared to several state-of-the-art AutoML approaches and active learning algorithms.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Corinne Fisher, Coziana Ciurtin, Maria Leandro, Debajit Sen, Lucy R. Wedderburn
Summary: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a range of conditions from childhood to middle age, with key features including arthritis, enthesitis, and a strong association with HLA-B27. There are differences between juvenile and adult onset disease, with juvenile SpA mainly affecting peripheral joints and adult SpA showing a higher incidence of axial arthritis. The impact of biological transition from childhood to adulthood is explored in this review, highlighting the importance of musculoskeletal and immunological maturation in understanding age-related differences in clinical phenotype and treatment implications for juvenile SpA.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Pepijn Bastiaan Cox, Roland Toth
Summary: This paper introduces a unified framework for subspace identification of linear parameter varying (LPV) systems to estimate LPV state-space models. Novel LPV SID schemes are derived, showing additional challenges compared to linear time-invariant (LTI) methods. The theoretical framework allows for reduced parameter estimation and overcoming dimensionality issues, decreasing computational complexity of LPV SIDs.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roberta Messina, Carole H. Sudre, Diana Y. Wei, Massimo Filippi, Sebastien Ourselin, Peter J. Goadsby
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify MRI biomarkers that distinguish between migraine and cluster headache patients, as well as investigate shared imaging features. Clinical, functional, and structural MRI data were collected from 20 migraineurs, 20 cluster headache patients, and 15 healthy controls. Support vector machine algorithms were used to classify headache patients from controls, and regional differences and associations with clinical characteristics were examined. The results showed that MRI could accurately classify headache patients from controls, with accuracies of 80% for all headache patients, 89% for migraine, and 98% for cluster headache. The bilateral hypothalamic and periaqueductal gray functional networks were found to be important in classifying both migraine and cluster headache patients. The presence of restlessness was the most important clinical feature in distinguishing between the two groups.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ali Javed, Khalid Mahmood Malik, Hafiz Malik, Aun Irtaza
Summary: This paper proposes a unified voice anti-spoofing framework that uses novel features to combat a variety of voice spoofing attacks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in accurately detecting various voice spoofing attacks.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Remi Abgrall, Elise Le Meledo, Philipp Offner
Summary: The research introduces a class of discretization spaces and H(div)-conformal elements that can be applied to any polytope, combining flexibility of Virtual Element spaces with divergence properties of Raviart-Thomas elements. This design allows for a wide range of H(div)-conformal discretizations, easily adaptable to desired properties of approximated quantities. Additionally, a specific restriction of this general setting shows properties similar to classical Raviart-Thomas elements at each interface, for any order and polytopal shape.
ESAIM-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS-MODELISATION MATHEMATIQUE ET ANALYSE NUMERIQUE
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Sixtine Michel, Davide Torlo, Mario Ricchiuto, Remi Abgrall
Summary: The paper studies continuous finite element dicretizations for one dimensional hyperbolic partial differential equations, providing a fully discrete spectral analysis and suggesting optimal values of the CFL number and stabilization parameters. Different choices for finite element space and time stepping strategies are compared to determine the most promising combinations for accuracy and stability, with suggestions for optimal discretization parameters.
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Remi Abgrall, Philipp Oeffner, Hendrik Ranocha
Summary: This paper proposes an approach to construct entropy conservative/dissipative semidiscretizations in the general class of residual distribution (RD) schemes. The approach involves adding suitable correction terms characterized as solutions of certain optimization problems. The method is applied to the SBP- SAT framework and novel generalizations to entropy inequalities, multiple constraints, and kinetic energy preservation for the Euler equations are developed. Explicit solutions are provided for all optimization problems, and a fully discrete entropy conservative/dissipative RD scheme is obtained using the deferred correction method for time integration.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
M. Ciallella, L. Micalizzi, P. Oeffner, D. Torlo
Summary: In this paper, an arbitrary high order well-balanced finite volume WENO method combined with the modified Patankar Deferred Correction (mPDeC) time integration method is developed and presented for the shallow water equations. The resulting scheme is unconditionally positivity preserving for the water height due to the positivity-preserving property of mPDeC. Numerical simulations focusing on a fifth order method demonstrate the good performance of the new method and verify the theoretical properties.
COMPUTERS & FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Maria Lukacova-Medvid'ova, Philipp Oeffner
Summary: This paper presents the convergence analysis of high-order finite element methods, with a focus on the discontinuous Galerkin scheme. By preserving structure properties and utilizing dissipative weak solutions, the convergence of the multidimensional high-order DG scheme is proven. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical results.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Davide Torlo, Philipp Oeffner, Hendrik Ranocha
Summary: This article discusses the methods to analyze the performance and robustness of Patankar-type schemes, and demonstrates their problematic behavior on both linear and nonlinear stiff problems.
APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Sixtine Michel, Davide Torlo, Mario Ricchiuto, Remi Abgrall
Summary: This study investigates various continuous finite element discretization methods for two-dimensional hyperbolic partial differential equations. The schemes are ranked based on efficiency, stability, and dispersion error, and the best CFL and stabilization coefficients are provided. Challenges in two dimensions include Fourier analysis and the introduction of high-order viscosity. The results suggest that combining Cubature elements with SSPRK and OSS stabilization yields the most promising combination.
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Elena Gaburro, Philipp oeffner, Mario Ricchiuto, Davide Torlo
Summary: In this paper, a fully discrete entropy preserving ADER-DG method is developed by introducing entropy correction terms and applying the relaxation approach to maintain entropy precision. The theoretical results are verified through numerical simulations.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Davide Torlo, Mario Ricchiuto
Summary: This article focuses on numerical modeling of water waves using depth averaged models. It considers PDE systems that consist of a nonlinear hyperbolic model and a linear dispersive perturbation involving an elliptic operator. Two strategies are proposed to construct reduced order models for these problems, with emphasis on the control of the overhead related to the inversion of the elliptic operators and the robustness with respect to variations of the flow parameters. The approaches are evaluated on various benchmarks, showing potential for cost reduction and advantages in terms of robustness and cost reduction for different methods.
MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Jan Glaubitz, Jan Nordstr, Philipp Offner
Summary: Summation-by-parts (SBP) operators are commonly used for developing stable and high-order accurate numerical methods for time-dependent differential equations. This paper presents a theory for SBP operators based on general function spaces and demonstrates that the results for polynomial-based SBP operators can be extended to this general class. The findings show that SBP operators can be applied to a wider range of methods than currently known, using trigonometric, exponential, and radial basis functions as examples.
SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Fatemeh Nassajian Mojarrad, Maria Han Veiga, Jan S. Hesthaven, Philipp oeffner
Summary: This paper proposes a method to use neural networks to determine the shape parameters in radial basis function (RBF) approximations. The method is tested in interpolation and finite difference tasks, showing promising results.
COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Lorenzo Micalizzi, Davide Torlo
Summary: Deferred correction is an iterative process for designing high-order numerical methods with reduced computational cost. A modification is proposed by introducing interpolation processes between iterations, resulting in efficient and stable methods. The flexibility of this modification allows for nontrivial applications in PDEs and adaptive methods.
COMMUNICATIONS ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Maria Han Veiga, Lorenzo Micalizzi, Davide Torlo
Summary: The paper focuses on the iterative discretization of weak formulations in the context of ODE problems. Several strategies to improve the accuracy of the method are proposed, and the method is combined with a Deferred Correction framework to introduce efficient p-adaptive modifications. Analytical and numerical results demonstrate the stability and computational efficiency of the modified methods.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2024)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Remi Abgrall, Davide Torlo
Summary: This paper describes a method for constructing arbitrarily high order kinetic schemes on regular meshes and introduces a nonlinear stability method for simulating problems with discontinuities without sacrificing accuracy for smooth regular solutions.
COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
(2022)