Article
Clinical Neurology
Zachary Pierce-Messick, Laura H. Corbit
Summary: Many people struggle to control weight by modifying their food-related behaviors, but typically only see short-term effects and regain lost weight. One possible explanation is that these behaviors have become habits that are not immediately sensitive to consequences.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Valentina M. Glueck, Katharina Zwosta, Uta Wolfensteller, Hannes Ruge, Andre Pittig
Summary: The study explores the impact of habitual avoidance behaviors on subsequent goal-directed approaches. It was found that in cases where habitual avoidance conflicted with goal-directed approaches, accuracy was lower, but under explicit guidance, the accuracy differences disappeared while reaction times were slower in habit-incompatible trials.
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yan Jiang, Jinfeng Han, Mingyue Xiao, Yong Liu, Hong Chen
Summary: People with overweight and obesity struggle to control their eating behaviors, which can be explained by impairments in reward learning. This study examined the effects of time pressure on goal-directed and habitual responses in individuals with overweight and obesity. The results showed that under high time pressure, individuals with overweight and obesity displayed more habitual responses towards both food and non-food rewards compared to lean individuals. This suggests a deficit in goal-directed control or an overreliance on habits among individuals with overweight and obesity, supporting the Habit Hypothesis for Overeating.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Nuria Donamayor, Claudia Ebrahimi, Viktoria A. Arndt, Franziska Weiss, Florian Schlagenhauf, Tanja Endrass
Summary: This article provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying goal-directed and habitual behavior in individuals with substance use disorders and summarizes the current state of research on this topic. The evidence regarding alterations in addiction and substance use is mixed and requires further investigation. Increased habitual responding is observed in more severely affected groups, while reduced model-based behavior is mainly observed in alcohol use disorder.
NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tao-Mian Mi, Wei Zhang, Martin J. McKeown, Piu Chan
Summary: The study reveals that Parkinson's disease patients have impaired formation of both goal-directed and habitual control systems. Additionally, they are more susceptible to slips of action, indicating a difficulty in engaging the goal-directed system and an excessive reliance on habitual control in the expression of acquired learning.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kei Oyama, Yukiko Hori, Koki Mimura, Yuji Nagai, Mark A. G. Eldridge, Richard C. Saunders, Naohisa Miyakawa, Toshiyuki Hirabayashi, Yuki Hori, Ken-ichi Inoue, Tetsuya Suhara, Masahiko Takada, Makoto Higuchi, Barry J. Richmond, Takafumi Minamimoto
Summary: This study used DREADDs technology to disrupt the interaction between OFC and rmCD in monkeys, and found that it significantly affected the sensitivity to cued reward value for goal-directed behavior. This finding extends the understanding of the physiological basis of psychiatric disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Danielle M. M. Giangrasso, Kaliana M. M. Veros, Maureen M. M. Timm, Peter J. J. West, Karen S. S. Wilcox, Kristen A. A. Keefe
Summary: The transition from drug abuse to addiction is related to the shift from goal-directed to habitual control over drug behavior. This study aimed to investigate the glutamate system in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) in the context of habitual drug-seeking behavior. The results showed that glutamate clearance and release dynamics in the DLS remain largely unaffected by a history of cocaine self-administration, regardless of the mode of control over cocaine-seeking behavior.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Wenjie Du, Ying Liu, Yiming Meng, Yimin Yan, Lingtong Jin, Jianjun Zhang, Jing Liang, Yonghui Li, Fang Shen
Summary: Drug addiction typically starts from recreational drug use and progresses to habitual or compulsive use. Only a small percentage of individuals eventually become trapped in the cycle of addiction. Recent research has highlighted the intrastriatal functional shifts as a key factor in addiction development, pointing to potentially vulnerable targets for addictive drugs.
CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jiang -Fan Chen, Doo-Sup Choi, Rodrigo A. Cunha
Summary: Dysfunction of goal-directed behaviors under stress or pathology leads to impaired decision-making and inflexible thoughts and behaviors, which are associated with various behavioral deficits. Caffeine, through targeting adenosine A2A receptors, could potentially improve goal-directed behavior and cognitive flexibility in psychiatric disorders.
Review
Physiology
K. Guadalupe Cruz, Yi Ning Leow, Nhat Minh Le, Elie Adam, Rafiq Huda, Mriganka Sur
Summary: Flexibly selecting appropriate actions in complex, ever-changing environments requires cooperation between cortical and subcortical regions. Recent studies show that behavior is represented by brainwide activity, challenging the traditional view of top-down control. The thalamus plays a crucial role in these interactions, forming parallel loops and complex networks with other regions.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Karin Foerde, Nathaniel D. Daw, Teresa Rufin, B. Timothy Walsh, Daphna Shohamy, Joanna E. Steinglass
Summary: Research in computational psychiatry has found that individuals with anorexia nervosa show impairments in model-based learning, indicating a persistent contribution of habitual over goal-directed control. This pattern remains consistent across different contexts and time points, suggesting that achieving weight restoration may not remediate the preference for habitual behavior over goal-directed behavior in individuals with AN.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kaori L. Ito, Laura Cao, Renee Reinberg, Brenton Keller, John Monterosso, Nicolas Schweighofer, Sook-Lei Liew
Summary: The study compared online and in-person performance on the two-stage Markov task and found no differences in estimated free parameters between different age groups. It also replicated previous findings that young adults are more goal-directed than older adults.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Alexander Tschantz, Laura Barca, Domenico Maisto, Christopher L. Buckley, Anil K. Seth, Giovanni Pezzulo
Summary: This article uses the framework of active inference to simulate and study interoceptive control and its dysfunctions. Interoceptive control aims to minimize the discrepancy between expected and actual interoceptive sensations through different forms of control. The analysis of generative models within active inference provides predictions for physiological and brain signals, supporting empirical research.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Talifu Zikereya, Kaixuan Shi, Wei Chen
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and cognitive impairments. Exercise can delay the progression of the disease by improving motor and cognitive performance, providing potential strategies for treatment.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher S. Yang, Noah J. Cowan, Adrian M. Haith
Summary: When people perform the same task repeatedly, their behavior becomes habitual. This study found that motor skills become habitual relatively quickly and building habits early in learning may be crucial in acquiring new skills.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Hilmar G. Zech, Markus Reichert, Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer, Heike Tost, Michael A. Rapp, Andreas Heinz, Raymond J. Dolan, Michael N. Smolka, Lorenz Deserno
Summary: This review summarizes the studies that used smartphone-based behavioral tasks and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in the field. The results show that although studies were scarce and heterogenous, the existing findings are promising and provide methodological recommendations for researchers.
NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Julius Steding, Franziska Ritschel, Ilka Boehm, Daniel Geisler, Joseph A. King, Veit Roessner, Michael N. Smolka, Florian Daniel Zepf, Stefan Ehrlich
Summary: This study investigated the neural responses related to reward processing in individuals with a history of anorexia nervosa (recAN) during acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). The results suggested a normalization of reward-related neural responses in recAN during ATD.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Florian Ott, Eric Legler, Stefan J. Kiebel
Summary: Cognitive control and forward planning require regulation to ensure adequate investment of cognitive resources. Learned associations between stimuli and planning demand help determine the need for planning. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays a crucial role in integrating representations of planning demand at different levels of abstraction.
Review
Neurosciences
Maria Garbusow, Claudia Ebrahimi, Carlotta Riemerschmid, Luisa Daldrup, Marcus Rothkirch, Ke Chen, Hao Chen, Matthew J. Belanger, Angela Hentschel, Michael N. Smolka, Andreas Heinz, Maximilan Pilhatsch, Michael A. Rapp
Summary: This article reviews human studies on Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), exploring how PIT is applied in subclinical and clinical mental syndromes. The results show that PIT effects vary in different mental disorders, and stress may be an underlying factor influencing PIT effects in these disorders.
NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Friederike Deeken, Markus Reichert, Hilmar Zech, Julia Wenzel, Friederike Wedemeyer, Alvaro Aguilera, Acelya Aslan, Patrick Bach, Nadja S. Bahr, Claudia Ebrahimi, Pascale C. Fischbach, Marvin Ganz, Maria Garbusow, Charlotte M. Grosskopf, Marie Heigert, Angela Hentschel, Damian Karl, Patricia Pelz, Mathieu Pinger, Carlotta Riemerschmid, Annika Rosenthal, Johannes Steffen, Jens Strehle, Franziska Weiss, Gesine Wieder, Alfred Wieland, Judith Zaiser, Sina Zimmermann, Henrik Walter, Bernd Lenz, Lorenz Deserno, Michael N. Smolka, Shuyan Liu, Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer, Andreas Heinz, Michael A. Rapp
Summary: This study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall alcohol consumption (AC). Instead, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays decreased as a function of alcohol use disorder (AUD) severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention are promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.
Article
Neurosciences
Michael Marxen, Johanna E. Graff, Philipp Riedel, Michael N. Smolka
Summary: The study demonstrates a novel method called CTMC that allows the extraction of relative timing information of regional brain activity during attention capture. It reveals that early activity in the dorsal anterior insula is predictive of behavioral performance, while signals from the amygdala and ventral anterior insula are not. This finding provides new insights into the brain's salience processing and emphasizes the role of the dorsal anterior insula in this context.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Miriam Sebold, Stefan J. Kiebel, Michael N. Smolka, Andreas Heinz, Lorenz Deserno
Summary: This article reviews the role of reinforcement learning (RL) and economic choice models in explaining the development and maintenance of symptoms in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Findings suggest challenges and important gaps that need to be addressed in applying research findings to clinical practice.
NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Dimitrije Markovic, Andrea M. F. Reiter, Stefan J. Kiebel
Summary: Precisely timed behavior and accurate time perception are important for decision making. However, we know little about how the representation of temporal structure affects decision making. Using a probabilistic learning task, we found that human beliefs about temporal structure influence their decision choices. A normative model based on the semi-Markov formalism is proposed to explain the results, with potential applications in cognitive phenotyping and computational psychiatry.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Chen, Matthew J. Belanger, Maria Garbusow, Soeren Kuitunen-Paul, Quentin J. M. Huys, Andreas Heinz, Michael A. Rapp, Michael N. Smolka
Summary: Pavlovian cues can affect ongoing instrumental behavior, and susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control can predict drinking trajectories and hazardous alcohol use during young adulthood. The interference PIT effect is characterized by increased error rates and enhanced neural responses in specific brain regions during conflict situations. Stronger neural responses during conflict at age 18 were associated with higher drinking trajectories, while high error rates and enhanced neural responses at age 21 predicted increasing alcohol consumption until age 24. Targeted interventions may be beneficial for individuals at higher risk.
Article
Neurosciences
Sascha Froelich, Marlon Esmeyer, Tanja Endrass, Michael N. Smolka, Stefan J. Kiebel
Summary: Human behavior often consists of repeated action sequences that become automatic or habitual through extensive repetition. However, we are also required to react flexibly and in a goal-directed manner in response to events in our environment. In this study, we developed a novel behavioral paradigm to investigate how implicitly learned action sequences interfere with goal-directed control.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Christian Baeuchl, Franka Gloeckner, Christoph Koch, Johannes Petzold, Nicolas W. Schuck, Michael N. Smolka, Shu-Chen Li
Summary: The aging process leads to changes in spatial navigation behavior, with older adults relying more on proximal location cues instead of environmental boundaries. Deficient dopaminergic modulation may contribute to errors during spatial navigation in older adults. Administering levodopa in young and older adults affected brain responses and memory retrieval differently, with older adults showing upregulation in the medial temporal lobe and brainstem. While L-DOPA had no effect on older adults' overall memory performance, it improved spatial memory and increased boundary processing in some individuals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johannes Steffen, Dimitrije Markovic, Franka Gloeckner, Philipp T. Neukam, Stefan J. Kiebel, Shu-Chen Li, Michael N. Smolka
Summary: Forward planning is crucial in complex sequential decision-making, and this study found that age is a factor that affects forward planning. Older adults showed shorter planning depths and used more simplified strategies. These findings are important for understanding changes in decision-making behavior in older adults.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Maik Spreer, Xina Graehlert, Ina-Maria Klut, Feras Al Hamdan, Wolfgang H. Sommer, Martin H. Plawecki, Sean O'Connor, Michael Boettcher, Cathrin Sauer, Michael N. Smolka, Ulrich S. Zimmermann
Summary: This registered clinical trial aimed to validate a laboratory test system (TESMA) for screening medications for alcoholism treatment under different contingencies of alcohol reinforcement. The results showed that naltrexone had a slight reduction effect on alcohol consumption, but this difference was not statistically significant.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dario Cuevas Rivera, Stefan Kiebel
Summary: Humans can adapt their movements to sudden or gradual changes in the environment, known as motor adaptation. They can also switch between different adapted movements, relying on contextual information which can be noisy or misleading. Computational models have shown the effects of context inference on learning rates, and we further expanded on these models to demonstrate that context inference affects motor adaptation and control beyond previous understanding.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Johannes Petzold, Angela Hentschel, Hao Chen, Soeren Kuitunen-Paul, Edythe D. London, Andreas Heinz, Michael N. Smolka
Summary: This study found that low loss aversion, high delay discounting, and risk-seeking for gains contribute to the development of hazardous alcohol use in young men. Choice preferences and consistency have different relationships with alcohol involvement, suggesting distinct cognitive-behavioral patterns that should be considered in harm reduction interventions.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)