Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daewook Kim, Suhang Choi, Sohyun Jeong, Minseok Bae, Sai P. Katikaneni, Joongmyeon Bae, Seongmin Heo, Jay H. Lee
Summary: In this study, a systematic approach was proposed to build reduced kinetic models of a diesel autothermal reformer for fuel cell auxiliary power unit (FC-APU) systems in heavy-duty trucks. Through microreactor experiments and parameter estimation, optimal reduced kinetic models with 3 and 4 reactions were successfully constructed. The accuracy of the optimal reduced kinetic models improved by 21% as the number of reactions increased from 3 to 4.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dimitrij Jesic, Vivian Erklavec Zajec, David Bajec, Gregor Dolanc, Gorazd Bercic, Blaz Likozar
Summary: This study proposes a method for obtaining hydrogen from diesel energy for use in fuel cells, using catalytic auto-thermal reforming and water-gas shift technology. Through simulation and analysis, the design of the reactors and the influence factors were studied, and a successful construction and operation model was established.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joachim Pasel, Dirk Schmitt, Remzi Can Samsun, Andreas Tschauder, Ralf Peters
Summary: This study investigated the impact of an organic substance called oxymethylenether (OMEn) on traditional diesel fuel in the autothermal reforming process, showing that the addition of OMEn can improve the quality of the product gas and reduce the formation of undesired byproducts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Remzi Can Samsun, Matthias Prawitz, Andreas Tschauder, Stefan Weiske, Joachim Pasel, Ralf Peters
Summary: The fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit utilizing diesel fuel was developed with a highly-integrated fuel processor and high-temperature PEFC stacks, demonstrating good power and start-up performance in experiments. Despite some issues, the system functions were validated.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
S. Zazhigalov, V. A. Shilov, V. N. Rogozhnikov, D. Potemkin, V. A. Sobyanin, A. N. Zagoruiko, P. Snytnikov
Summary: This work focuses on experimental studies and construction of a mathematical model for n-hexadecane reforming, using Rh/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2-delta-eta-Al2O3/FeCrAl wire mesh honeycomb catalytic module. The proposed model can be used for development, scale-up and optimization of catalytic reformers using steam reforming and auto-thermal reforming modes.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
V. A. Shilov, V. N. Rogozhnikov, S. V. Zazhigalov, D. I. Potemkin, V. D. Belyaev, M. V. Shashkov, A. N. Zagoruiko, V. A. Sobyanin, P. V. Snytnikov
Summary: The catalytic blocks with different lengths were tested in the reactions of steam and autothermal reforming of n-hexadecane. Heating the catalyst through the reactor wall can improve the conversion efficiency and product distribution in the reforming processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shiang-Wuu Perng, Horng-Wen Wu
Summary: This article examines the fuel conversion ability of a small methanol steam reformer and the net electric power of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. By creating vein channels with varying widths and angles, the hydrogen yield, methanol conversion, and cell net electric power are evaluated at different temperatures. The findings show that adjusting the vein channel width and angle can enhance the fuel conversion and net electric power of the fuel cell.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Minseok Bae, Hyungjun Cheon, Jiwoo Oh, Dongyeon Kim, Joongmyeon Bae, Sai P. Katikaneni
Summary: The rapid start-up strategy of a diesel reformer for on-board fuel cell applications was developed by fuel cell integration, which reduced the overall start-up time of the reformer and improved its thermal sustainability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei-Cheng Chiu, Shuhn-Shyurng Hou, Chen-Yu Chen, Wei-Hsiang Lai, Rong-Fang Horng
Summary: A system was developed to produce hydrogen-rich gas with low CO concentration via autothermal reforming of methanol, achieving high purity hydrogen with low CO concentration through a series of reactors. The system demonstrated stable hydrogen production during durability testing, enabling the fuel cell to steadily generate power.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
V. A. Shilov, V. N. Rogozhnikov, D. I. Potemkin, V. D. Belyaev, M. V. Shashkov, V. A. Sobyanin, P. V. Snytnikov
Summary: This study focused on the autothermal and steam reforming of model mixtures simulating commercial diesel fuel. The experiments showed that the low reaction rate of diaromatics steam reforming resulted in an increase in C1-C5 hydrocarbon by-products (primarily ethylene) in the gas phase, as well as the formation of polyaromatic compounds. These undesirable processes led to catalyst coking. However, monoaromatic constituents did not have a significant effect on the progress of undesirable side reactions during the reforming processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Armin Abdollahipour, Hoseyn Sayyaadi
Summary: This study investigated proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMEC) through numerical simulations, highlighting the importance of multi-objective optimization for power generation systems. The TOPSIS method was used to determine the optimal solution that balanced efficiency and cost.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
V. A. Shilov, V. N. Rogozhnikov, D. I. Potemkin, P. V. Snytnikov
Summary: The formation of fibrous carbon particles on a structured Rh/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2/Al2O3/FeCrAl catalyst in the autothermal reforming of diesel fuel into synthesis gas was studied. The carbon deposits were readily oxidized during catalyst regeneration by oxygen or water vapor. The catalyst demonstrated active self-regeneration in the autothermal reforming process.
KINETICS AND CATALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Eliot Durand, Prem Lobo, Andrew Crayford, Yura Sevcenco, Simon Christie
Summary: The study found that regardless of fuel composition or APU operating condition, the number and mass emissions of nvPM decreased systematically with increasing fuel hydrogen content. This suggests that engine exit nvPM reductions correlate with fuel hydrogen content for fuels of similar compositions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zlatina Dimitrova, Wissam Bou Nader
Summary: This paper investigates the potential of energy consumption savings of a serial hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) using a hydrogen proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as an auxiliary power unit (APU) compared to the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE). A PEMFC model is developed and the thermodynamic system efficiency is simulated. The results show improved efficiency with PEMFC as an auxiliary power unit (APU) compared to ICE, indicating that PEMFC could be a solution to extend the range of electric vehicles.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lei Xing, Yuanxiang Xu, Zeljko Penga, Qian Xu, Huaneng Su, Frano Barbir, Weidong Shi, Jin Xuan
Summary: The use of a systematic design of gradients in platinum loading and temperature distribution can improve cell performance, save platinum usage, and maintain current density homogeneity in PEM fuel cells.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Joachim Pasel, Dirk Schmitt, Heinrich Hartmann, Astrid Besmehn, Juergen Dornseiffer, Jonas Werner, Joachim Mayer, Ralf Peters
Summary: The study revealed that the Pd/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited superior activity for CH4 oxidation due to the spill-over of OH-groups from the support to Pd, promoting the reaction. Additionally, the reaction products CO, CO2, and H2 were strongly adsorbed on the catalyst surface and engaged in reversible chemical interactions during the CH4 oxidation reaction.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ralf Peters, Janos Lucian Breuer, Maximilian Decker, Thomas Grube, Martin Robinius, Remzi Can Samsun, Detlef Stolten
Summary: To achieve the CO2 reduction targets for 2050, extensive measures are needed in all sectors, particularly in transportation which has not yet seen substantial reduction in emissions. Increasing the use of electric vehicles powered by batteries or fuel cells and utilizing synthetic fuels made from hydrogen and carbon dioxide are key strategies. These options require significant expansion of renewable electricity generation capacities. Analyzing various road freight transport options can help improve efficiency and address the challenges in fulfilling long-distance transport requirements.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Felix Schorn, Dennis Lohse, Remzi Can Samsun, Ralf Peters, Detlef Stolten
Summary: This paper presents a new biogas-oxyfuel process that couples a biogas plant with Power-to-Fuel production, enabling the production of renewable methanol. By using the oxygen byproduct for oxyfuel combustion, simple separation of CO2 is achieved, though mechanical efficiency drops. This process offers a promising way to deliver biogenic CO2 at low cost for decentralized Power-to-Fuel systems.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Johannes Hausler, Joachim Pasel, Friederike Woltmann, Andreas Everwand, Maria Meledina, Helen Valencia, Marta Lipinska-Chwalek, Joachim Mayer, Ralf Peters
Summary: This study investigates the influence of metal catalysts on the upgrading of lower alcohols for green alternatives to fossil fuels. Experimental findings are correlated with d-band theory to provide new insights into catalyst design, aiming towards carbon-neutral fuels or chemical feedstock production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Remzi Can Samsun, Matthias Prawitz, Andreas Tschauder, Stefan Weiske, Joachim Pasel, Ralf Peters
Summary: The fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit utilizing diesel fuel was developed with a highly-integrated fuel processor and high-temperature PEFC stacks, demonstrating good power and start-up performance in experiments. Despite some issues, the system functions were validated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Janos Lucian Breuer, Juri Scholten, Jan Christian Koj, Felix Schorn, Marc Fiebrandt, Remzi Can Samsun, Rolf Albus, Klaus Goerner, Detlef Stolten, Ralf Peters
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of existing fuel and drivetrain options in order to solve the decarbonization challenge in the transport sector. It considers different modes of transportation and evaluation criteria, and identifies several promising fuels and propulsion systems.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ralf Peters, Nils Wegener, Remzi Can Samsun, Felix Schorn, Julia Riese, Marcus Grunewald, Detlef Stolten
Summary: This study focuses on power-to-fuel technology, which combines high-temperature electrolysis with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to produce synthetic diesel and kerosene while reducing electrical energy demand. The simulation results show high power-to-fuel efficiency, and excess heat can meet the energy demand for CO2 separation. Economic analysis reveals the immense potential of this technology.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Remzi Can Samsun, Michael Rex, Laurent Antoni, Detlef Stolten
Summary: This article highlights the current deployment status of fuel cell vehicles in road transport, including the number of registered vehicles and hydrogen refueling stations. The analysis results show a positive development trend for fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen refueling stations in 2021, but more efforts are needed in the future to achieve the set targets.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hong Huang, Ziyue Guo, Remzi Can Samsun, Stefan Baumann, Nikolaos Margaritis, Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg, Ralf Peters, Detlef Stolten
Summary: This study aims to adapt a solid oxide cell (SOC) to a membrane reactor for general chemical reactions. A proof-of-concept reactor is tested for syngas production using oxygen ion transport membranes (ITMs) for oxygen separation. ANSYS Fluent is used for CFD simulations, and results show that the oxygen permeation rate depends on various factors.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dieter Froning, Eugen Hoppe, Ralf Peters
Summary: Porous materials can be characterized using well-trained neural networks. In this study, fibrous paper-type gas diffusion layers were trained using artificial data created by a stochastic geometry model. The features of the data were calculated using transport simulations and a convolutional neural network was developed to predict the permeability and tortuosity of the material. The predictions on compressed real data were evaluated using the Kozeny-Carman trend.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hong Huang, Remzi Can Samsun, Ralf Peters, Detlef Stolten
Summary: Power-to-Fuel is a new concept that uses surplus electricity to produce future fuels. Direct urea methanolysis has the highest energy efficiency and the lowest cost of manufacturing among the studied pathways.
Article
Thermodynamics
Pengcheng Zhao, Jingang Wang, Liming Sun, Yun Li, Haiting Xia, Wei He
Summary: The production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis is crucial for renewable energy utilization and decarbonization. This research explores the optimal electrode configuration and system design of compactly-assembled industrial electrolyzer. The findings provide valuable insights for industrial application of water electrolysis equipment.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
V. Baiju, P. Abhishek, S. Harikrishnan
Summary: Thermally driven adsorption desalination systems (ADS) have gained attention as an eco-friendly solution for water scarcity. However, they face challenges related to low water productivity and scalability. To overcome these challenges, integrating ADS with other desalination technologies can create a small-scale hybrid system. This study proposes integrating ADS with a Thermo Electric Dehumidification (TED) unit to enhance its performance.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
C. X. He, Y. H. Liu, X. Y. Huang, S. B. Wan, Q. Chen, J. Sun, T. S. Zhao
Summary: A decentralized centroid multi-path RC network model is constructed to improve the temperature prediction accuracy compared to traditional RC models. By incorporating multiple heat flow paths and decentralizing thermal capacity, a more accurate prediction is achieved.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chaoying Li, Meng Wang, Nana Li, Di Gu, Chao Yan, Dandan Yuan, Hong Jiang, Baohui Wang, Xirui Wang
Summary: There is an urgent need to shift away from heavy dependence on fossil fuels and embrace renewable energy sources, particularly in the energy-intensive oil refining process. This study presents an innovative concept called the Solar Oil Refinery, which applies solar energy in oil refining. A solar multi-energies-driven hybrid chemical oil refining system that utilizes solar pyrolysis and electrolysis has been developed, significantly improving solar utilization efficiency, cracking rate, and hydrogen yield.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chao Ma, Guanghui Wang, Dingbiao Wang, Xu Peng, Yushen Yang, Xinxin Liu, Chongrui Yang, Jiaheng Chen
Summary: This study proposes a bio-inspired fish-tail wind rotor to improve the wind power efficiency of the traditional Savonius rotor. Through transient simulations and orthogonal experiments, the key factors affecting the performance are identified. A response surface model is constructed to optimize the power coefficient, resulting in an improvement of 9.4% and 6.6% compared to the Savonius rotor.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sina Bahmanziari, Abbas-Ali Zamani
Summary: This paper proposes a new framework for improving electrical energy harvesting from piezoelectric smart tiles through a combination of magnetic plucking, mechanical impact, and mechanical vibration force mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in energy yield and average energy harvesting time compared to other mechanisms.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nanjiang Dong, Tao Zhang, Rui Wang
Summary: This study establishes a multiobjective mixed-variable configuration optimization model for a comprehensive combined cooling, heating, and power energy system, and proposes an efficient generating operator to optimize this model. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ahmed E. Mansy, Eman A. El Desouky, Tarek H. Taha, M. A. Abu-Saied, Hamada El-Gendi, Ranya A. Amer, Zhen-Yu Tian
Summary: This study aims to convert office paper waste into bioethanol through a sustainable pathway. The results show that physiochemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of the waste can yield a high glucose concentration. The optimal conditions were determined using the Box-Behnken design, and a blended membrane was used for ethanol purification.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sven Klute, Marcus Budt, Mathias van Beek, Christian Doetsch
Summary: Heat pumps are crucial for decarbonizing heat supply, and steam generating heat pumps have the potential to decarbonize the industrial sector. This paper presents the current state, technical and economic data, and modeling principles of steam generating heat pumps.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Le Zhang, To-Hung Tsui, Yen Wah Tong, Pruk Aggarangsi, Ronghou Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of a current-carrying-coil-based magnetic field in promoting anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. The results show that the applied magnetic field increases methane yield, decreases carbon dioxide production, and reduces the concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Microbial community analysis reveals the enrichment of certain methanogenic genera and enhanced metabolic pathways. Pilot-scale experiments confirm the technical effectiveness of the magnetic field assistance in enhancing anaerobic digestion of chicken manure.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bo Chen, Ruiqing Ma, Yang Zhou, Rui Ma, Wentao Jiang, Fan Yang
Summary: This paper presents an advanced energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicles, focusing on speed planning and energy allocation. By utilizing predictive co-optimization control, this strategy ensures safe inter-vehicle distance and minimizes energy demand. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing fuel cell degradation cost and overall operation cost.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fabio Fatigati, Roberto Cipollone
Summary: Organic Rankine Cycle-based microcogeneration systems that use solar sources to generate electricity and hot water can help reduce CO2 emissions in residential energy-intensive sectors. The adoption of a recuperative heat exchanger in these systems improves efficiency, reduces thermal power requirements, and saves on electricity costs.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lipeng He, Renwen Liu, Xuejin Liu, Xiaotian Zheng, Limin Zhang, Jieqiong Lin
Summary: This research proposes a piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (PEHEH) for low-frequency wave motion and self-sensing wave environment monitoring. The PEHEH shows promising power output and the ability to self-power and self-sense the wave environment.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shangling Chu, Yang Liu, Zipeng Xu, Heng Zhang, Haiping Chen, Dan Gao
Summary: This paper studies a distributed energy system integrated with solar and natural gas, analyzes the impact of different parameters on its energy utilization and emissions reduction, and obtains the optimal solution through an optimization algorithm. The results show that compared to traditional separation production systems, this integrated system achieves higher energy utilization and greater reduction in carbon emissions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingpu Li, Yaqi Ding, Guangming Chen, Yongmei Xuan, Neng Gao, Nian Li, Xinyue Hao
Summary: This paper proposes and studies a piston-type thermally-driven pump with a structure similar to a linear compressor, aiming to eliminate the high-quality energy consumption of existing pumps and replace mechanical pumps. The coupling mechanism of working fluid flow and element dimension is analyzed based on force analysis, and experimental data analysis is used to determine the pump operation stroke. Theoretical simulation is conducted to analyze the correlation mechanism of the piston assembly. The research shows that the thermally-driven pump can greatly reduce power consumption and has potential for industrial applications.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
