Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Changbao Sun, Ang Li, Huan Wang, Jiage Ma, Juncai Hou
Summary: Acetate is associated with adipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition. In a study on obese mice and mouse adipose mesenchymal stem cells, it was found that acetate significantly increased body weight, food intake, and fatty lesions, while decreasing anti-inflammatory factors levels and liver function. The mRNA expression levels of several genes in adipose tissue and stem cells were also significantly altered.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Arthe Raajendiran, Christoph Krisp, David P. De Souza, Geraldine Ooi, Paul R. Burton, Renea A. Taylor, Mark P. Molloy, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in energy balance and metabolism regulation, with differences in protein composition leading to metabolic variation in different regions. Upper-body adipocytes are associated with glycolysis, lipogenesis, and oxidative stress, while lower-body adipocytes show enhanced activation of PPARa and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation processes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bing Huang, Weihao Zhao, Xue Cai, Yumin Zhu, Yingxian Lu, Junli Zhao, Nan Xiang, Xiaofei Wang, Hu Deng, Xiaping Tang, Lingyu Liu, Yanyu Zhao, Yigong Shi
Summary: The harmful effects of leaked electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on human health, particularly on oligodendrocytes, have raised concerns due to the rapid growth of wireless electronic devices. Through experiments, it was found that pulse-modulated EMR significantly increased the mRNA level of C/EBP beta in oligodendrocytes and altered the expression and functions of its related genes and proteins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Wenju Li, Aiping Duan, Yuexian Xing, Li Xu, Jingping Yang
Summary: The study showed that HIF1α activation affects lipid metabolism in tubular cells by suppressing fatty acid mobilization and oxidation, leading to lipid accumulation and compositional changes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chaiwat Monmai, Jin-Suk Kim, Hyun Bo Sim, Doh-Won Yun, Sung-Dug Oh, Eui-Shik Rha, Jong-Jin Kim, So-Hyeon Baek
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of extracts from transgenic rice on inhibiting adipogenesis and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that the extracts significantly reduced lipid accumulation in cells and inhibited the expression of adipogenesis-related mRNA and inflammation-related factors. Therefore, transgenic rice may have potential as an obesity-reducing and/or -preventing agent.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Siwen Xue, Derek Lee, Daniel C. Berry
Summary: The ability to generate thermogenic fat cells is a potential targeted therapy for obesity and metabolic health improvement. Brown and beige adipocytes, which regulate energy balance, share certain properties but also display unique features such as origin and regulatory processes. Beige adipocytes are highly plastic, responding to environmental stimuli and converting between different states. However, obese and aged individuals face hurdles in developing beige adipocytes, hindering therapeutic potential. Understanding the mechanisms behind thermogenic fat cells will enhance understanding of energy regulation and enable new targeted therapies. This review discusses recent advances and potential mechanisms for failure in thermogenic fat cell regulation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Guangli Yu, Zhou Yang, Tianhong Peng, Yuncheng Lv
Summary: circRNAs play crucial roles in regulating lipid metabolism by affecting lipid generation and breakdown processes, which in turn influence the development of lipid disorder diseases.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Qianhui Li, Xin Liu, Jingtao Wen, Xi Chen, Bumin Xie, Yang Zhao
Summary: With the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, an increasing number of non-coding RNAs have been discovered, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, snoRNAs, and piRNAs. The identification of eRNAs in 2010 has expanded the diversity of non-coding RNAs. eRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules transcribed from enhancer fragments of DNA cis-acting elements. Recent studies have revealed that eRNA transcription may serve as a biological marker for enhancer activity and can participate in the regulation of coding gene transcription. This review discusses the biological characteristics of eRNAs, their functions in transcriptional regulation, the factors regulating eRNA production, and the research progress of eRNAs in different diseases.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Isao Tamura, Amon Shiroshita, Taishi Fujimura, Yumiko Tanaka-Doi, Yuichiro Shirafuta, Toshiaki Taketani, Shun Sato, Norihiro Sugino
Summary: Decidualization is a critical process for embryo implantation and pregnancy establishment. It involves dramatic changes in metabolic functions of human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs). Glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism undergo significant alterations during decidualization, including increased glucose uptake mediated by GLUT1 and lipid accumulation mediated by VLDLR respectively. These metabolic changes may contribute to the successful implantation and provide nutrition to the developing embryo.
Article
Cell Biology
Nadav Kislev, Shira Eidelheit, Shaked Perlmutter, Dafna Benayahu
Summary: In this study, a novel machine learning-based method was developed for analyzing lipid droplets (LDs) by segmenting phase-contrast images. This method enables accurate and label-free quantification of LD-related parameters and analysis of LD dynamics. It can be applied in different metabolic conditions to study LD biogenesis and function.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kun Wang, Xujie Cui, Xiaocui Ling, Jiarui Chen, Jiachen Zheng, Yuling Xiang, Weihui Li
Summary: D-xylose acts as a signaling molecule to regulate lipid metabolism and affect physiological characteristics in mycobacteria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Emad Darvishi, Lila Ghamsari, Siok F. Leong, Ricardo Ramirez, Mark Koester, Erin Gallagher, Miao Yu, Jody M. Mason, Gene Merutka, Barry J. Kappel, Jim A. Rotolo
Summary: The study reveals the mechanism of action and antitumor activity of ST101, a novel peptide antagonist of C/EBP beta. ST101 inhibits dimerization of C/EBP beta and enhances its degradation, resulting in attenuation of transcription of C/EBP beta target genes and potent tumor-specific cytotoxic activity in various cancer cell lines. In mouse xenograft models, ST101 shows strong inhibition or regression of tumor growth, both as a single agent and in combination studies.
MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yi-Fan Guo, Jing-Yi Sun, Ya Liu, Zhe-Yu Liu, Yan Huang, Yuan Xiao, Tian Su
Summary: This article reveals that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Hnscr is involved in lipid metabolism during obesity. Deletion of Hnscr promotes weight gain and increase in adipose tissue weight, while overexpression of Hnscr has the opposite effect. Hnscr regulates adipose lipid metabolism by mediating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway.
Article
Cell Biology
Hee Jung Kim, Dong-Hoon Kim, Sung Hee Um
Summary: YM976, a pyrimidine derivative, has anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects. It can reduce lipid accumulation and suppress adipocyte differentiation by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK. Therefore, YM976 may be a potential compound for controlling lipid accumulation and formation of adipocytes in obesity.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qingqing Xiong, Jing Zhao, Chenying Tian, Wan Ma, Linfeng Miao, Li Liang, Kang Zhang, Huahua Du
Summary: A high-iron diet reduces lipid accumulation in mice but causes intestinal inflammation and changes in gut microbiota.
Article
Oncology
Sayuri Hashimoto, Masayoshi Nagai, Kensuke Nishi, Shuhei Ishikura, Kazuhiko Nakabayashi, R. Y. O. Yazaki, Takashi Ohshima, Masahiko Suenaga, Senji Shirasawa, Toshiyuki Tsunoda
Summary: The study identified NP882 (STAR3) as the most effective inhibitor of growth of HKe3-mtKRAS spheroids with the least toxicity among NP910 derivatives. STAR3 showed significant growth suppression in tumor cells in both LT3DF and nude mice assay.
ANTICANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuhei Ishikura, Kazumasa Yoshida, Sayuri Hashimoto, Kazuhiko Nakabayashi, Toshiyuki Tsunoda, Senji Shirasawa
Summary: This study demonstrates the essential role of the centromeric protein CENP-B in the localization of ZFAT to the centromere for regulating ncRNA transcription. Depletion of CENP-B leads to reduced levels of ZFAT protein at the centromere and decreased expression of ncRNA, highlighting the involvement of CENP-B in ZFAT-mediated centromeric functions.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Hisako Kushima, Toshiyuki Tsunoda, Taichi Matsumoto, Yoshiaki Kinoshita, Koichi Izumikawa, Senji Shirasawa, Masaki Fujita, Hiroshi Ishii
Summary: The study shows that Aspergillus affects the growth and apoptosis of both epithelial cells and fibroblasts. In 3D floating culture, Aspergillus conidia reduced A549 cell growth, induced apoptosis, and increased the expression of genes associated with interferon signaling. However, Aspergillus did not induce apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells, but did increase the expression of genes associated with interferon signaling.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kensuke Nishi, Shohei Yoshimoto, Soichiro Nishi, Toshiyuki Tsunoda, Jun Ohno, Michinobu Yoshimura, Kenji Hiromatsu, Takafumi Yamano
Summary: This study evaluated the expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in tissue samples before and after epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT). The results showed that the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was decreased in the EAT-treated group compared to the non-treated group. Therefore, EAT has the potential to be a novel preventive method for COVID-19.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chihiro Yamada, Aya Morooka, Seira Miyazaki, Masayoshi Nagai, Satoru Mase, Kenji Iemura, Most Naoshia Tasnin, Tsuneyuki Takuma, Shotaro Nakamura, Shamsul Morshed, Naoki Koike, Md Golam Mostofa, Muhammad Arifur Rahman, Tasnuva Sharmin, Haruko Katsuta, Kotaro Ohara, Kozo Tanaka, Takashi Ushimaru
Summary: This study reveals that the inactivation of TORC1 kinase triggers mitotic slippage in yeast and human cells, leading to chromosome instability. However, the mechanism of mitotic slippage differs between yeast and human cells. This unexpected involvement of TORC1 in mitosis highlights the potential undesirable side effects of TORC1 inhibitors as immunosuppressants and anti-tumor drugs.
Article
Virology
Kazuaki Imai, Takafumi Yamano, Soichiro Nishi, Ryushiro Nishi, Tatsuro Nishi, Hiroaki Tanaka, Toshiyuki Tsunoda, Shohei Yoshimoto, Ayaki Tanaka, Kenji Hiromatsu, Senji Shirasawa, Takashi Nakagawa, Kensuke Nishi
Summary: COVID-19 often leads to long COVID, characterized by persistent inflammation after acute infection. In this study, researchers evaluated the efficacy of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) in treating long COVID. They found that EAT reduced inflammation in the epipharynx and improved symptoms such as fatigue, headache, and attention disorder. These findings suggest that EAT could be a promising novel treatment for long COVID.
Article
Oncology
Kazumasa Yoshida, Kensuke Nishi, Shuhei Ishikura, Kazuhiko Nakabayashi, Ryo Yazaki, Takashi Ohshima, Masahiko Suenaga, Senji Shirasawa, Tosiyuki Tsunoda
Summary: The study discovered that NPD10621 and its derivatives can selectively suppress the growth of cancer spheroids with mutant KRAS. Among these derivatives, PMC showed the most effective inhibition of mutant KRAS spheroid growth with the least toxicity. Furthermore, PMC was able to suppress the growth of various cancer cell lines, indicating its context-independent role in cancer growth.
ANTICANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kensuke Nishi, Shohei Yoshimoto, Soichiro Nishi, Tatsuro Nishi, Ryushiro Nishi, Takayuki Tanaka, Toshiyuki Tsunoda, Kazuaki Imai, Hiroaki Tanaka, Osamu Hotta, Ayaki Tanaka, Kenji Hiromatsu, Senji Shirasawa, Takashi Nakagawa, Takafumi Yamano
Summary: Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy (EAT) may contribute to the improvement of systemic inflammatory diseases by suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and reducing systemic symptoms in patients with chronic epipharyngitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuhei Ishikura, Kazumasa Yoshida, Toshiyuki Tsunoda, Senji Shirasawa
Summary: The centromere is a crucial chromosomal structure for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Centromeric DNA is transcribed into noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which plays important roles in centromere functions. This study reveals that the death domain-associated protein (DAXX) promotes the localization of ZFAT to the centromere and regulates ncRNA transcription. The results suggest that DAXX interacts with ZFAT and regulates centromeric ncRNA transcription, and the depletion of DAXX protein leads to a decrease in ncRNA levels at the centromere.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kensuke Nishi, Shohei Yoshimoto, Soichiro Nishi, Tatsuro Nishi, Ryushiro Nishi, Toshiyuki Tsunoda, HIiromitsu Morita, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Osamu Hotta, Susumu Yasumasu, Kenji Hiromatsu, Senji Shirasawa, Takashi Nakagawa, Takafumi Yamano
Summary: The study found that epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) down-regulates the expression of Cav1.2, a key cell surface molecule in influenza virus entry, through inducing squamous metaplasia. Therefore, EAT may be a simple method for preventing influenza infection.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Masayoshi Nagai, Kenji Iemura, Takako Kikkawa, Sharmin Naher, Satoko Hattori, Hideo Hagihara, Koh-ichi Nagata, Hayato Anzawa, Risa Kugisaki, Hideki Wanibuchi, Takaya Abe, Kenichi Inoue, Kengo Kinoshita, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Noriko Osumi, Kozo Tanaka
Summary: The deficiency of CHAMP1 gene causes intellectual disability and is associated with delayed neuronal development and behavioral defects observed in mice models.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
