Human skeletal muscle fiber type-specific responses to sprint interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise: acute and training-induced changes

There are limited and equivocal data regarding potential fiber type specific differences in the human skeletal muscle response to sprint interval training (SIT), including how this compares with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). We examined mixed-muscle and fiber type-specific responses to a single session (study 1) and to 12 wk (study 2) of MICT and SIT using Western blot analysis. MICT consisted of 45 min of cycling at similar to 70% of maximal heart rate, and SIT involved 3 x 20-s all-out sprints interspersed with 2 min of recovery. Changes in signaling proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in mixed-muscle and pooled fiber samples were similar after acute MICT and SIT. This included increases in the ratios of phosphorylated to total acetyl-CoA carboxylase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase protein content (main effects, P < 0.05). Following training, mitochondria! content markers including the protein content of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 were increased similarly in mixed-muscle and type Ila fibers (main effects, P < 0.05). In contrast, only MICT increased these markers of mitochondrial content in type I fibers (interactions, P < 0.05). MICT and SIT also similarly increased the content of mitochondrial fusion proteins optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and mitofusin 2 in mixed-muscle, and OPA1 in pooled fiber samples (main effects, P < 0.02). In summary, acute MICT and SIT elicited similar fiber type-specific responses of signaling proteins involved in mitochondria! biogenesis, whereas 12 wk of training revealed differential responses of mitochondrial content markers in type I but not type IIa fibers. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined mixed-muscle and fiber type-specific responses to a single session and to 12 wk of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and sprint interval training (SIT) in humans. Both interventions elicited generally similar responses, although the training-induced increases in type I fiber-specific markers of mitochondrial content were greater in MICT than in SIT. These findings advance our understanding of the potential role of fiber type-specific changes in determining the human skeletal muscle response to intermittent and continuous exercise.

Automated summary

Limited and equivocal data exist regarding potential fiber type specific differences in the human skeletal muscle response to sprint interval training (SIT) compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). A study examining mixed-muscle and fiber type-specific responses to a single session and 12 weeks of MICT and SIT found similar acute responses but differential long-term responses in type I fibers. Both MICT and SIT elicited similar responses in signaling proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, but MICT induced greater increases in type I fiber-specific markers of mitochondrial content compared to SIT over 12 weeks of training.