Article
Thermodynamics
D. T. Pio, L. C. M. Ruivo, L. A. C. Tarelho, J. R. Frade, E. Kantarelis, K. Engvall
Summary: This study investigated the tar concentration in the producer gas from direct gasification of residual forest biomass from eucalyptus, and found that the tar concentration decreased significantly with increasing gasifier operation time.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maninderjit Singh, Shakirudeen A. Salaudeen, Brandon H. Gilroyed, Animesh Dutta
Summary: A detailed process model for co-gasification of biomass and plastics in a fluidized bed reactor was developed using Aspen Plus software. The effects of process parameters such as plastic content and reactor temperature on the composition and properties of syngas were investigated. The results showed that increasing the plastic content led to higher hydrogen concentrations in the syngas, and increasing the gasification temperature resulted in increased hydrogen content and higher heating value of the syngas.
Article
Thermodynamics
Francesco Parrillo, Filomena Ardolino, Carmine Boccia, Gabriele Cali, Davide Marotto, Alberto Pettinau, Umberto Arena
Summary: Co-gasification tests were conducted in a large-scale gasifier to treat plastics and biomass mixtures. The results showed that the ratio of plastics/biomass and equivalence ratio significantly affected the gasifier performances. The obtained syngas had a low heating value between 7 and 10 MJ/m3N.
Article
Thermodynamics
M. Puig-Gamero, D. T. Pio, L. A. C. Tarelho, P. Sanchez, L. Sanchez-Silva
Summary: The direct gasification process of biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor was simulated and validated using different models for pyrolysis, combustion, and reduction. The simulation results showed good agreement with experimental results, particularly for gases such as CO, CO2, H-2, CH4, and C2H4. However, the accuracy of H-2 gas prediction was found to be the lowest among the gases analyzed.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Witold Zukowski, Dawid Jankowski, Jan Wrona, Gabriela Berkowicz-Platek
Summary: This paper presents the results of combustion of polymers and biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. It was found that a minimum temperature of 850 degrees C is required for the combustion process. TG analysis coupled with FTIR analysis was used to simulate the chemical composition of bubbles in a hot fluidized bed. The study showed that a uniform access to oxygen is necessary for the combustion of complex gas mixtures. The combustion processes were conducted through autothermal burning and co-combustion with auxiliary fuel. The flue gases contained both inorganic and organic substances, with the latter mainly consisting of short-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. The emission characteristics of gaseous products during the combustion of polymeric materials in the bubbling fluidized bed were investigated. Increasing the combustion temperature intensified the oxidation of fuel-bound nitrogen and the conversion of NO to N2 on the surface of the char. The obtained emission coefficients for different polymers will be valuable in determining the appropriate combustion method for alternative fuels.
Article
Thermodynamics
Janitha C. Bandara, Rajan Jaiswal, Henrik K. Nielsen, Britt M. E. Moldestad, Marianne S. Eikeland
Summary: Gasification is an attractive method for biomass-to-energy conversion and fluidized bed design is considered one of the best options for large-scale operation. The study found that as the temperature increases, carbon conversion rate improves, but nitrogen dilution at high temperatures may counteract the carbon conversion to a certain extent.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maurizio Troiano, Valeria Ianzito, Roberto Solimene, Elvis Tinashe Ganda, Piero Salatino
Summary: A one-dimensional model of a fluidized bed pyrolytic converter for biomass is presented in this paper. The fate of biomass and resulting char is modelled by considering elutriation, attrition, and bed drain/regeneration. The study focuses on the role of heterogeneous volatile-char secondary reactions and their importance in controlling char loading in the bed. The results highlight the significance of these reactions in reactor performance and provide guidelines for optimal design and control of fluidized bed pyrolyzers.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bijan Hejazi
Summary: In this study, a novel heat integration alternative for biomass gasification is proposed, which involves cooling the syngas to near-ambient temperature using an indirect water condenser. A one-dimensional kinetic model is developed and validated against experimental data to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The study also shows that increasing the bio-oil recycle ratio can improve water conversion and chemical efficiency at the expense of carbon conversion and thermal efficiency.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
S. Y. Huang, C. Y. Chen, W. Y. Hsu, A. N. Huang, H. P. Kuo
Summary: The Eulerian multiphase approach is used to investigate a rice husk fluidized bed pyrolyzer with a minimum fluidization velocity of 0.1 m/s. A four-phase modeling is adopted to account for the different hydrodynamic behavior of freshly fed biomass and pyrolyzed product char. The results show the independent motion of the char phase and the lowest position that light char can reach is determined by the biomass entrance position. Computational economic global kinetic model provides good char yield prediction at a fluidizing velocity of 0.3 m/s, with a deviation of 0.27% from experimental result.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shen Wang, Tao Song, Kolja Jarolin, Timo Dymala, Maksym Dosta, Stefan Heinrich, Laihong Shen
Summary: This study investigates the mixing evolution behavior of biomass pellets at different gasification stages and determines the real-time distribution of particles through visualization experiments and image processing techniques. The migration paths of biomass pellets during gasification are revealed, and the improvement of binary mixing and adaptability to different biomass loadings are discussed.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Francesco Parrillo, Filomena Ardolino, Gabriele Cali, Davide Marotto, Alberto Pettinau, Umberto Arena
Summary: Air gasification tests were conducted in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier, confirming the technical feasibility of biomass gasification within a range of equivalence ratio and generating high quality syngas. Results support the implementation of reliable numerical models for fluidized bed gasifiers and optimization of design/operating criteria.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anna Magdalena Mauerhofer, Stefan Mueller, Florian Benedikt, Josef Fuchs, Alexander Bartik, Hermann Hofbauer
Summary: The study suggests that the treatment of different biogenic fuels in a dual fluidized bed gasification process can affect the composition of the product gas, with alkali metals in biomass ash favoring CO production, and the addition of limestone increasing H2 and CO contents.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yuanyu Tian, Jie Li, Wei Wei, Peijie Zong, Di Zhang, Yanan Zhu, Yingyun Qiao
Summary: The study revealed that adding hydrogen in fast partial hydropyrolysis of biomass can significantly increase volatile matter generation and the yields of CH4 and light tar. Alkali and alkaline earth metals play a significant catalytic role in the reactions, while operating temperature and gas flow rate also impact product yields.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sanaa Hafeez, Maarten Van Haute, Achilleas Constantinou, Sultan M. Al-Salem
Summary: A comprehensive process simulation was developed to study the pyrolysis of LLDPE in an FBR, with the focus on the pyrolytic oil and wax yields. The simulation showed a decrease in oil yield with increasing temperature, due to the vibration of the polymer matrix and absorbed thermal energy. A higher gas yield and negligible wax formation at 700 degrees C were observed, which is beneficial for controlling plastic waste. The simulation was validated with experimental data, showing less than 10% discrepancy.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Carlos Vargas-Salgado, Elias Hurtado-Perez, David Alfonso-Solar, Anders Malmquist
Summary: The current methods for designing fluidized bed reactors in gasification plants lack an integrated methodology to optimize all parameters, especially for small-scale gasifiers. This paper presents an integrated approach tailored for designing and sizing small-scale fluidized bed gasification plants.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Phillip Cross, Kaige Wang, Joseph Weiner, Elliot Reid, Jonathan Peters, Ofei Mante, David C. Dayton
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rebecca L. Ware, Ryan P. Rodgers, Alan G. Marshall, Ofei D. Mante, David C. Dayton, Sylvain Verdier, Jostein Gabrielsen, Steven M. Rowland
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sameer Parvathikar, Ignacio Luz, Michael Carpenter, Timothy Bellamy, Kelly Amato, John Carpenter, Dennis Gilmore, Marty Lail
Summary: In this study, we synthesized and scaled up Ru catalysts using high porosity MOF templates grown on graphitic carbon supports via solvothermal synthesis. Thermal treatment of the MOF resulted in well-dispersed Ru nanoparticles that were fully stabilized by in-situ graphitization of the surrounding carbon. The resulting catalyst showed significant improvement in activity for low-temperature NH3 synthesis, and the production of catalysts was scaled up from 1 g per batch to 200 g per batch.
Article
Energy & Fuels
David C. Dayton, Ofei D. Mante, Joseph Weiner
Summary: The pilot-scale biomass catalytic pyrolysis unit investigated the effects of process parameters on biocrude yield, oxygen content, and chemical composition. Biocrude yield decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, while biocrude oxygen content decreased.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhongnan Ran, Rodrigo Ristow Hadlich, Ruinan Yang, David C. Dayton, Ofei D. Mante, Dimitris Assanis
Summary: The study demonstrates that blending biofuels with petroleum diesel can enhance combustion efficiency and reduce emissions without compromising engine performance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
David C. Dayton, Ofei D. Mante, Joseph Weiner, Christos Komnaris, Sylvain Verdier, Jostein Gabrielsen
Summary: This study investigates the hydrotreating of biocrude produced by reactive catalytic fast pyrolysis (RCFP), which can be upgraded or coprocessed to produce gasoline- and diesel-range hydrocarbons. Results show that catalyst deactivation occurs during hydrotreating, but at a slower rate during coprocessing tests.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Martha L. Chacon-Patino, Charlotte Mase, Julien Florent Maillard, Caroline Barrere-Mangote, David C. Dayton, Carlos Afonso, Pierre Giusti, Ryan P. Rodgers
Summary: This study characterized the molecular features of loblolly pine bio-oil and its hydrotreated effluents using mass spectrometry techniques. The molecular data revealed compositional changes over time and highlighted the impacts of catalyst fouling or deactivation. The study also identified specific reaction pathways during hydrotreatment and provided important molecular formula information for future bio-oil upgrading research.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yumeng Zhao, Wencheng Jin, Jordan Klinger, David C. Dayton, Sheng Dai
Summary: In this study, a GPU-accelerated meshless SPH code is proposed to model the flow of granular biomass materials. The code incorporates a modified void ratio-based mass conversation, a hybrid particle-to-particle/surface frictional boundary treatment, and a hypoplastic constitutive model. Numerical simulations of four examples show good agreement with analytical and experimental data, validating the accuracy of the SPH code.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cody J. Wrasman, A. Nolan Wilson, Ofei D. Mante, Kristiina Iisa, Abhijit Dutta, Michael S. Talmadge, David C. Dayton, Sundararajan Uppili, Michael J. Watson, Xiaochun Xu, Michael B. Griffin, Calvin Mukarakate, Joshua A. Schaidle, Mark R. Nimlos
Summary: Catalytic pyrolysis is a versatile technology that can directly liquefy biomass and waste plastic into intermediates for decarbonized production of chemicals and/or transportation fuels. It has attracted significant attention in research and commercialization, with over 15,000 journal articles and patents published in the past decade. This Perspective presents a development roadmap to address technological barriers and move catalytic pyrolysis from demonstration scale to integrated biorefinery networks producing fuels and plastics precursors at a scale of between 0.1 and 1 billion tonnes of carbon per year.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sylvain Verdier, Ofei D. Mante, Asger B. Hansen, Kristoffer G. Poulsen, Jan H. Christensen, Nadia Ammtizboll, Jostein Gabrielsen, David C. Dayton
Summary: This study investigated the hydrotreating of four chemically different biocrude feeds using a commercial hydrodeoxygenation catalyst, finding that aliphatic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and furan derivatives were completely converted while aromatics, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and phenolics increased. The oxygen content, nitrogen content, specific gravity, viscosity, and the heavy end of the boiling point range of the upgraded products increased with time on stream, with deactivation rate correlating with the total amount of oxygen in the feed (17 wt% to 29 wt%, wet basis).
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Matthew Kollman, Xiao Jiang, Samuel J. Thompson, Ofei Mante, David C. Dayton, Hou-min Chang, Hasan Jameel
Summary: The amino alkylation of kraft lignins using the Mannich reaction is a versatile technique that can be used for analytical derivatization, improving hydrophilicity, or enhancing metal ion adsorptive capacity. This study utilized a quantitative technique combining 2D HSQC NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy to directly examine the structure of aminated lignins. The results indicated that low molecular weight lignins had a higher degree of amine substitution compared to high molecular weight fractions, with no significant impact observed from pH levels or different amine species.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Victor Garcia-Montoto, Sylvain Verdier, David C. Dayton, Ofei Mante, Carine Arnaudguilhem, Jan H. Christensen, Brice Bouyssiere
Summary: Renewable feedstocks are being considered as alternatives to petroleum for producing transportation fuels, but the presence of phosphorus-containing compounds can poison hydrotreating catalysts. Analysis of various feedstocks revealed a wide range of phosphorous compounds, with differences in molecular structure. Pyrolysis oils showed aggregation or polymerization reactions during the process, leading to high-molecular-weight phosphorus-containing compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ignacio Luz, Sameer Parvathikar, Michael Carpenter, Brittany Grillo, John Carpenter, Marty Lail
Summary: A general approach involving tailored precursors embedded within MOFs was used to prepare 'snowflake' porous metal oxide nanostructured catalysts, which showed improved activity for ammonia synthesis at low temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rebecca L. Ware, Ryan P. Rodgers, Alan G. Marshall, Ofei D. Mante, David C. Dayton, Sylvain Verdier, Jostein Gabrielsen, Steven M. Rowland
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ignacio Luz, Sameer Parvathikar, Michael Carpenter, Timothy Bellamy, Kelly Amato, John Carpenter, Marty Lail
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
