Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041849
Keywords
insulin-like growth factor 2; IGF-binding proteins; IGF1R; insulin receptor; IGF2R; CI-M6P; species-specific gene expression; CNS; learning and memory; neuroprotection
Funding
- Russian Science Foundation [18-75-10112]
- Russian Science Foundation [18-75-10112] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
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Study on rodents suggest that IGF-2 may be a potential treatment for various diseases in humans, but there are important differences in IGF-2 signaling between species. Understanding the species-specific patterns of IGF-2 expression and the function of its receptors can aid in the development of more effective medicines targeting IGF-2 receptors.
A number of studies performed on rodents suggest that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) or its analogs may possibly be used for treating some conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, autistic spectrum disorders or aging-related cognitive impairment. Still, for translational research a comparative knowledge about the function of IGF-2 and related molecules in model organisms (rats and mice) and humans is necessary. There is a number of important differences in IGF-2 signaling between species. In the present review we emphasize species-specific patterns of IGF-2 expression in rodents, humans and some other mammals, using, among other sources, publicly available transcriptomic data. We provide a detailed description of Igf2 mRNA expression regulation and pre-pro-IGF-2 protein processing in different species. We also summarize the function of IGF-binding proteins. We describe three different receptors able to bind IGF-2 and discuss the role of IGF-2 signaling in learning and memory, as well as in neuroprotection. We hope that comprehensive understanding of similarities and differences in IGF-2 signaling between model organisms and humans will be useful for development of more effective medicines targeting IGF-2 receptors.
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