Article
Clinical Neurology
Emma C. Tallantyre, Nicola Vickaryous, Valerie Anderson, Aliye Nazli Asardag, David Baker, Jonathan Bestwick, Kath Bramhall, Randy Chance, Nikos Evangelou, Katila George, Gavin Giovannoni, Andrew Godkin, Leanne Grant, Katharine E. Harding, Aimee Hibbert, Gillian Ingram, Meleri Jones, Angray S. Kang, Samantha Loveless, Stuart J. Moat, Neil P. Robertson, Klaus Schmierer, Martin J. Scurr, Sita Navin Shah, Jessica Simmons, Matthew Upcott, Mark Willis, Stephen Jolles, Ruth Dobson
Summary: The study found that some disease modifying therapies are associated with attenuated serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis, including anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and fingolimod treatment. Additionally, vaccine type and treatment duration also impact vaccine response.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sigrid Gouma, Madison E. Weirick, Marcus J. Bolton, Claudia P. Arevalo, Eileen C. Goodwin, Elizabeth M. Anderson, Christopher M. McAllister, Shannon R. Christensen, Debora Dunbar, Danielle Fiore, Amanda Brock, JoEllen Weaver, John Millar, Stephanie DerOhannessian, Ian Frank, Daniel J. Rader, E. John Wherry, Scott E. Hensley
Summary: Recent studies suggest that common coronavirus infections may reduce the severity of COVID-19 upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals with higher beta coronavirus antibody titers experienced significantly reduced symptom duration following SARS-CoV-2 infection. While cross-reactive antibodies elicited by past infections do not provide protection, cellular immune responses may transiently reduce symptom duration.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Moriah Bergwerk, Tal Gonen, Yaniv Lustig, Sharon Amit, Marc Lipsitch, Carmit Cohen, Michal Mandelboim, Einav Gal Levin, Carmit Rubin, Victoria Indenbaum, Ilana Tal, Malka Zavitan, Neta Zuckerman, Adina Bar-Chaim, Yitshak Kreiss, Gili Regev-Yochay
Summary: Among fully vaccinated health care workers, breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 were correlated with neutralizing antibody titers during the peri-infection period. Most breakthrough infections were mild or asymptomatic, although persistent symptoms did occur.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Samuel D. Stampfer, Marissa-Skye Goldwater, Scott Jew, Sean Bujarski, Bernard Regidor, David Daniely, Haiming Chen, Ning Xu, Mingjie Li, Tracy Green, Eddie Fung, Elias Aquino, Regina Swift, Shahrooz Eshaghian, Kurt Preugschat, Aaron J. Feinstein, Tanya M. Spektor, James R. Berenson
Summary: Patients with multiple myeloma have impaired responses to mRNA vaccination against COVID-19, with those with active disease showing poorer responses. Factors such as age, renal function, immunoglobulin levels, among others, can predict vaccine responsiveness in these patients. Additionally, patients vaccinated with mRNA-1273 had higher anti-spike antibody levels compared to those vaccinated with BNT162b2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John Buckell, Joel Jones, Philippa C. Matthews, Sir Ian Diamond, Emma Rourke, Ruth Studley, Duncan Cook, Ann Sarah Walker, Koen B. Pouwels
Summary: The physiological effects of COVID-19 vaccination are well-documented, but the impact on behavior is not well understood. Risk compensation theory suggests that individuals may engage in more risky activities after being vaccinated, offsetting the gains in personal safety. This study found that behavior was not directly related to personal vaccination status, but was influenced by the level of vaccination in the wider population, indicating a potential risk compensation effect.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Aline Wolfensberger, Verena Kufner, Maryam Zaheri, Marius Zeeb, Isabelle Nortes, Peter W. Schreiber, Miriam Vazquez, Verena Schaerer, Thomas Scheier, Stefan Schmutz, Elisabeth Probst, Dirk Saleschus, Michael Huber, Silvana K. Rampini, Walter Zingg
Summary: Among 1,118 COVID-19 patients treated at a university hospital in Switzerland from October 2020 to June 2021, 7.4% had probable or definite healthcare-associated COVID-19, with a secondary attack rate estimated at 23.3%. Transmission was associated with longer contact times and lower cycle threshold values among index patients.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pei Sen, Teresa K. Yamana, Sasikiran Kandula, Marta Galanti, Jeffrey Shaman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 was characterized by increasing ascertainment rates, high population susceptibility, and rising community infectious rates, with infection fatality rate decreasing towards the end of the year.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hesham Abowali, Antoinette Pacifico, Burak Erdinc, Karim Elkholy, Umida Burkhanova, Tarilate Aroriode, Althea Watson, Muhammad Faizan Ahmed, Ese Uwagbale, Nathan Visweshwar, Michael Jaglal
Summary: This study analyzed the risk factors for bleeding in COVID-19 patients and found that the HAS-BLED score is closely associated with the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and transfusion. These findings are of importance for the decision-making and monitoring of anticoagulation therapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam Merad, Catherine A. Blish, Federica Sallusto, Akiko Iwasaki
Summary: Considerable research effort has been focused on deciphering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections and understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19, including Long Covid syndrome. The hope is that knowledge gained from this research will be applied to studies of inflammatory processes in critical and chronic illnesses in the future.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heidi Ledford
Summary: Coronavirus vaccines help reduce the risk of developing COVID-19, but studies differ on their protective effect against long COVID.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chris Woolston
Summary: The true impact of closed borders, cancelled travel plans and vaccine delays may take years to fully reveal.
Review
Immunology
Soren R. Paludan, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: COVID-19 is a disease characterized by significant dysregulation of the innate immune system. The activation of specific pattern recognition receptors by SARS-CoV-2 and host-derived molecules leads to protective interferon responses and pathological cytokine responses. These pathways are modulated by virus-host interactions and host stress-sensing pathways.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. G. Thompson, E. Stenehjem, S. Grannis, S. W. Ball, A. L. Naleway, T. C. Ong, M. B. DeSilva, K. Natarajan, C. H. Bozio, N. Lewis, K. Dascomb, B. E. Dixon, R. J. Birch, S. A. Irving, S. Rao, E. Kharbanda, J. Han, S. Reynolds, K. Goddard, N. Grisel, W. F. Fadel, M. E. Levy, J. Ferdinands, B. Fireman, J. Arndorfer, N. R. Valvi, E. A. Rowley, P. Patel, O. Zerbo, E. P. Griggs, R. M. Porter, M. Demarco, L. Blanton, A. Steffens, Y. Zhuang, N. Olson, M. Barron, P. Shifflett, S. J. Schrag, J. R. Verani, A. Fry, M. Gaglani, E. Azziz-Baumgartner, N. P. Klein
Summary: A study with a test-negative design analyzed 41,552 admissions to 187 hospitals and 21,522 visits to 221 EDs or urgent care clinics. The mRNA-based vaccines (>= 14 days after the second dose) were highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to hospitalization (89%), ICU admission (90%), or an urgent care visit (91%).
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Damps, Elzbieta Byrska-Maciejasz, Malgorzata Kowalska, Jowita Rosada-Kurasinska, Beata Rybojad, Joanna Sordyl, Marzena Zielinska, Alicja Bartkowska-Sniatkowska
Summary: This study analyzed children admitted to PICUs due to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and found that children with comorbidities are more likely to develop severe symptoms and respiratory failure, while high values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are associated with poor prognosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephanie J. Schrag, Jennifer R. Verani, Brian E. Dixon, Jessica M. Page, Kristen A. Butterfield, Manjusha Gaglani, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Ousseny Zerbo, Karthik Natarajan, Toan C. Ong, Victoria Lazariu, Suchitra Rao, Ryan Beaver, Sascha R. Ellington, Nicola P. Klein, Stephanie A. Irving, Shaun J. Grannis, Salome Kiduko, Michelle A. Barron, John Midturi, Monica Dickerson, Ned Lewis, Melissa S. Stockwell, Edward Stenehjem, William F. Fadel, Ruth Link-Gelles, Kempapura Murthy, Kristin Goddard, Nancy Grisel, Nimish R. Valvi, Bruce Fireman, Julie Arndorfer, Deepika Konatham, Sarah Ball, Mark G. Thompson, Allison L. Naleway
Summary: This study found that maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, including booster doses, provided protection against medically attended COVID-19. Vaccine effectiveness estimates were higher for COVID-19-associated hospitalizations compared to emergency department/urgent care visits, and lower for the Omicron variant than the Delta variant. Protection decreased over time, especially during the Omicron predominance.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peder Wolkoff, Kenichi Azuma, Paolo Carrer
Summary: Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown the significant impact of room temperature, indoor air humidity, and ventilation on human health, work performance, and risk of infection. Temperature between 22 and 24 degrees Celsius is optimal for cognitive and work performance. Low temperatures increase the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, while high temperatures increase the risk of dry eyes and respiratory symptoms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Munkhjargal Dorjravdan, Katsuyasu Kouda, Tsolmon Boldoo, Naranzul Dambaa, Tugsdelger Sovd, Chikako Nakama, Toshimasa Nishiyama
Summary: Based on the Mongolian National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey data, there is a significant association between household solid fuel use for heating and tuberculosis. Increased public awareness on the use of solid fuels as a source of indoor air pollution is necessary.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Yuki Fujita, Katsuyasu Kouda, Kumiko Ohara, Harunobu Nakamura, Chikako Nakama, Toshimasa Nishiyama, Masayuki Iki
Summary: The study found a significant positive association between weight gain from birth to age 1.5 years and fat mass in adolescents, indicating that weight gain in early life has a greater impact on fat mass in adolescents than birthweight.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Kenichi Azuma, Iwao Uchiyama, Naoki Kunugita
Summary: The study investigated the childhood constitutional and environmental factors involved in the development of chronic chemical intolerance. Significant associations were found between chronic CI and motion sickness to car or bus and allergic conjunctivitis during childhood, as well as potential risks like high-voltage power lines and strong perfume use. However, the use of carpet in floor material and plaster coating in wall material seemed to decrease the risk of CI.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chikako Nakama, Takahiro Tabuchi
Summary: People with chronic diseases are more likely to use HTPs and to use HTPs in combination with cigarettes. Further research on the use of HTPs in patients with chronic diseases is necessary.
News Item
Oncology
Margaret R. Karagas, Amy Wang, David C. Dorman, Amy L. Hall, Jingbo Pi, Consolato M. Sergi, Elaine Symanski, Elizabeth M. Ward, Victoria H. Arrandale, Kenichi Azuma, Eduardo Brambila, Gloria M. Calaf, Jason M. Fritz, Shoji Fukushima, Joanna M. Gaitens, Tom K. Grimsrud, Lei Guo, Elsebeth Lynge, Amelia P. Marinho-Reis, Melissa A. McDiarmid, Daniel R. S. Middleton, Thomas P. Ong, David A. Polya, Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega, Georgia K. Roberts, Tiina Santonen, Riitta Sauni, Maria J. Silva, Pascal Wild, Changwen W. Zhang, Qunwei Zhang, Yann Grosse, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Aline de Conti, Nathan L. DeBono, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Federica Madia, Bradley Reisfeld, Leslie T. Stayner, Eero Suonio, Susana Viegas, Roland Wedekind, Shukrullah Ahmadi, Heidi Mattock, William M. Gwinn, Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Kenichi Azuma, Naoki Kagi, U. Yanagi, Hoon Kim, Haruki Osawa
Summary: This longitudinal epidemiological study conducted in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, for over 1 year examined the association between indoor environmental factors and building-related symptoms in office workers. The results showed that lower humidity levels were significantly correlated with decreased upper respiratory symptoms, while average relative humidity of less than 38% was significantly associated with increased risk of upper respiratory symptoms.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xi Lu, Sachiko Hojo, Atsushi Mizukoshi, Takahiko Katoh
Summary: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlation of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) in the Japanese population, with a focus on age, sex, and depression. The results showed that older women were more likely to exhibit MCS and EHS symptoms, and depression was correlated with MCS and EHS. Therefore, although MCS and EHS are strongly correlated, they exhibit distinct characteristics and symptoms, indicating that they can be regarded as separate conditions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Atsushi Mizukoshi, Sachiko Hojo, Kenichi Azuma, Masami Mizuki, Mikio Miyata, Hideo Ogura, Kou Sakabe, Naomi Tsurikisawa, Chiyako Oshikata, Jiro Okumura
Summary: This study compared the environmental intolerances and symptoms of patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), bronchial asthma (BA), and the general population. The MCS and EHS groups had significantly higher scores of intolerances to environmental factors and symptoms compared to the BA and control groups. The EHS group had significantly higher electromagnetic hypersensitivity reactions compared to the MCS group.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shinako Inaida, Atsushi Mizukoshi, Kenich Azuma, Jiro Okumura
Summary: During the COVID-19 outbreak, an increase in hand hygiene practices was associated with a decrease in norovirus epidemics in Japan, similar to the experience during the 2009 pandemic flu. By analyzing national gastroenteritis surveillance data, the study found a significantly negative correlation between sales of hand hygiene products and norovirus incidence. The results suggest that hand hygiene using these products is a potentially useful prevention method against norovirus epidemics, and further investigations on effective hand hygiene approaches for norovirus prevention are needed.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Atsushi Mizukoshi, Jiro Okumura, Kenichi Azuma
Summary: This study demonstrates the simulated exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in an office environment based on a real cluster occurrence. The study finds that aerosol and fomite transmission are major pathways, and wearing masks and increasing ventilation can effectively reduce the risk of infection.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Atsuko Araki, Kenichi Azuma, Ginji Endo, Yoko Endo, Tetsuhito Fukushima, Kunio Hara, Kouji Harada, Hajime Hori, Seichi Horie, Hyogo Horiguchi, Masayoshi Ichiba, Gaku Ichihara, Tatsuya Ishitake, Akiyoshi Ito, Yuki Ito, Satoko Iwasawa, Takeyasu Kakamu, Michihiro Kamijima, Kanae Karita, Toshio Kawai, Toshihiro Kawamoto, Reiko Kishi, Shinji Kumagai, Akiko Matsumoto, Muneyuki Miyagawa, Hiroyuki Miyauchi, Yasuo Morimoto, Kasuke Nagano, Hisao Naito, Tamie Nakajima, Makiko Nakano, Tetsuo Nomiyama, Hirokazu Okuda, Masayuki Okuda, Kazuyuki Omae, Kazuhiro Sato, Tomotaka Sobue, Yasushi Suwazono, Toru Takebayashi, Tatsuya Takeshita, Akito Takeuchi, Ayano Takeuchi, Shigeru Tanaka, Mayumi Tsuji, Teruomi Tsukahara, Susumu Ueno, Jun Ueyama, Yumi Umeda, Kenya Yamamoto, Yuko Yamano, Takenori Yamauchi, Eiji Yano
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
(2021)