Prediction of Extreme Wind Speed for Offshore Wind Farms Considering Parametrization of Surface Roughness

Large-scale offshore wind farms (OWF) are under construction along the southeastern coast of China, an area with a high typhoon incidence. Measured data and typhoon simulation model are used to improve the reliability of extreme wind speed (EWS) forecasts for OWF affected by typhoons in this paper. Firstly, a 70-year historical typhoon record database is statistically analyzed to fit the typhoon parameters probability distribution functions, which is used to sample key parameters when employing Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The sampled typhoon parameters are put into the Yan Meng (YM) wind field to generate massive virtual typhoon in the MCS. Secondly, when typhoon simulation carried out, the change in wind field roughness caused by the wind-wave coupling is studied. A simplified calculation method for realizing this phenomenon is applied by exchanging roughness length in the parametric wind field and wave model. Finally, the extreme value theory is adopted to analyze the simulated typhoon wind data, and results are verified using measured data and relevant standards codes. The EWS with 50-year recurrence of six representative OWF is predicted as application examples. The results show that the offshore EWS is generally stronger than onshore; the reason is sea surface roughness will not keep growing accordingly as the wind speed increases. The traditional prediction method does not consider this phenomenon, causing it to overestimate the sea surface roughness, and as a result, underestimate the EWS for OWF affected by typhoons. This paper's methods make the prediction of EWS for OWF more precise, and results suggest the planer should choose stronger wind turbine in typhoon prone areas.

Automated summary

This study improves the reliability of extreme wind speed forecasts for offshore wind farms affected by typhoons through analyzing historical typhoon data and simulation models. Results show that offshore wind speeds are generally stronger under typhoon conditions compared to onshore speeds, as sea surface roughness does not increase proportionally with wind speed. Applying the research methods can help planners choose stronger wind turbines in typhoon-prone areas.