Article
Polymer Science
Zhifeng Wang, Jun Tong, Wei Li, Haichen Zhang, Manfeng Hu, Haichu Chen, Hui He
Summary: In this study, polypropylene/graphite intercalation compound (PP/GIC) composites were prepared at different temperatures through melt mixing, demonstrating improved dispersion and performance at higher temperatures, suggesting potential applications.
Article
Polymer Science
Yevgen Mamunya, Oleksii Maruzhenko, Roman Kolisnyk, Maksym Iurzhenko, Andrii Pylypenko, Olha Masiuchok, Marcin Godzierz, Igor Krivtsun, Barbara Trzebicka, Sebastien Pruvost
Summary: Electrothermal processes were investigated in pyroresistive composites of high-density polyethylene with carbon black and carbon fibers. The kinetic heating curves showed an exponential dependence with a heating rate constant for each composite. Equilibrium temperature was reached after a short heating time, and decreased with the presence of positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTC) effect. The composites exhibited self-regulating capability and the equilibrium temperature depended on the applied voltage and electric power with different relationships. An application of using HDPE-CB composite as a heating element for resistance welding was demonstrated.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Xianyuan Liu, Zilong Wang, Jinsong Sun, Zehua Zhao, Shuyi Zhan, Ying Guo, Heng Zhou, Wenbin Liu, Jun Wang, Tong Zhao
Summary: The study successfully synthesized Al2O3@graphite core-shell particles with excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties, and fabricated thermally stable phthalonitrile composites, which could potentially be used for high-temperature thermal management applications.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Patcharapon Somdee, Manauwar Ali Ansari, Kalman Marossy
Summary: In this study, flexible and rigid polyurethane/copper composites were prepared via a simple solution casting process. The dispersion and chemical bonding of the filler were investigated, and the thermal properties and mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the composites was significantly improved compared to the pure polyurethane, and the mechanical properties were also enhanced. The study suggests that copper microparticles can serve as an active filler in both flexible and rigid polyurethane matrices.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Ting Gu, De-xiang Sun, Xu Xie, Xiao-dong Qi, Jing-hui Yang, Yan-zhou Lei, Yong Wang
Summary: This article introduces a method for preparing renewable high thermal conductivity composites and investigates their thermal and mechanical properties. The results show that the composites exhibit high thermal conductivity, good mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and electrical conductivity.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Xueming Yang, Xuan Song, Zongjie Hu, Chunbo Li, Tianxiang Guo
Summary: In this research, HDPE/BN/CSC composites were prepared and showed improved comprehensive properties compared to HDPE/BN composites and pure HDPE. The enhancements include increased thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and thermal stability. This work provides a simple but effective way to enhance the thermal conductivity and comprehensive physical properties of HDPE composites.
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Guowei Chen, Amar K. Mohanty, Manjusri Misra
Summary: PPS/carbon composites have excellent mechanical properties and multifunctionality, suitable for various industries. Bio-carbon has the potential to replace petroleum-based carbon fillers.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Bo Niu, Haochen Shen, Tong Li, Hongyu Zhang, Zhen Qian, Yu Cao, Yayun Zhang, Donghui Long
Summary: In this study, phenolic-based composites with co-optimized thermal insulation and mechanical properties were prepared by adjusting resin concentration and fabric braiding angle. The resulting composites exhibited lower density and thermal conductivity, higher tensile strength, and comparable ablation resistance.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Chenping Zhang, Yugang Duan, Hong Xiao, Ben Wang, Yueke Ming, Yansong Zhu, Fugan Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the interlaminar bond strength of laser in-situ consolidation CF/PEEK thermoplastic composites. The results show that porosity significantly affects the interlaminar shear strength, while there is no correlation between crystallinity and interlaminar shear strength. The interlaminar shear strength in the heated tool in-situ consolidation group is significantly higher than the constant pressure in-situ consolidation group.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Fuzhong Wang, Bohang Wang, Ya Zhang, Fei Zhao, Zihan Qiu, Lin Zhou, Shiwei Chen, Minxian Shi, Zhixiong Huang
Summary: Graphene nanoplatelets/silicon carbide nanowires hybrid films were successfully produced and used as reinforcements for laminated composites. The incorporation of silicon carbide nanowires significantly improved the thermal conductivity of the composites. The hybrid films also enhanced the storage modulus and interlaminar shear strength of the composites.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Cheng Zhang, Youquan Ling, Xueqin Zhang, Mei Liang, Huawei Zou
Summary: This study explored the effect of carbon nanotube (CNTs) reinforced epoxy resin on ultra-thin CFRP composites. It found that the composites had the best performance when the CNTs content was 0.2 wt% and showed significant improvement in the tensile strength, interlaminar shear strength, and compressive strength. Additionally, the composites exhibited excellent thermal conductivity, electrical, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ping Tang, Zijian Zhang, Chenxin Guo, Shaohua Zeng, Pengpeng Chen, Ying Xu, Wangyan Nie, Yifeng Zhou
Summary: Carbon nanotubes have great potential for use in microelectronic packaging due to their excellent thermal conductivities. However, their high electroconductibility and poor radial conductivity limit their application in insulating materials. In this study, a heterostructured brushlike hybrid was prepared by anchoring amine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes onto insulating montmorillonite. The resulting composites exhibited improved thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal stability, providing a promising strategy for fabricating polymer composites.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yuge Ouyang, Liuyang Bai, Huafeng Tian, Xiaofei Li, Fangli Yuan
Summary: This paper reviews the current progress in the development of Al2O3 reinforced polymer composites, including preparation methods, heat conduction mechanisms, factors affecting thermal conductivity, methods for improving thermal conductivity, and emerging applications. It also identifies several outstanding issues that need to be addressed in order to achieve higher thermal conductivity.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Chenglin Li, Hao Zhang, Xiaowen Zhang, Zechao Zhang, Nan Li, Ying Liu, Xiuting Zheng, Dali Gao, Daming Wu, Jingyao Sun
Summary: With the continuous development of modern electronic equipment, thermal management of electronic devices has become increasingly important. This study focuses on developing electronic equipment shells with superior thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. A bi-continuous structure is used to balance the relationship between thermal conductivity and mechanical properties.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Chen-hui Huang, De-xiang Sun, Ying Wu, Xiao-ying Lu, Chao-qun Wu, Xiao-dong Qi, Jing-hui Yang, Yong Wang
Summary: Achieving the synchronous enhancement of fracture toughness and strength through the design of microstructures in blend composites is a great challenge. This study found that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) selectively located at the two-phase interface of the blend and induced epitaxial crystallization of PET matrix, which improved interfacial adhesion and resulted in superior fracture toughness and strength. MWCNTs also enhanced heat resistance and antistatic property of the blend composites, expanding the application fields of PET.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takeshi Nagase, Mitsuharu Todai, Pan Wang, Shi-Hai Sun, Takayoshi Nakano
Summary: The design and development of TiZrHfAl medium entropy alloy and TiZrHfAlNb0.2 and TiZrHfAlV0.2 high entropy alloys were discussed, focusing on alloy parameters, ground state diagrams, and phase diagrams. Rapid solidification effectively suppressed intermetallic compound formation, resulting in differences in constituent phases and Vickers hardness between ingots and melt-spun ribbons.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Pan Wang, Xipeng Tan, Mui Ling Sharon Nai, Jiang Wu, Jun Wei
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical properties of aerospace-grade Ti-6Al-4V parts fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM) additive manufacturing method. The results show that the alpha lath width in the microstructure significantly affects the deformation mechanisms in EBM-built Ti-6Al-4V specimens. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of microstructure-dependent deformation mechanisms and offer insights for overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in titanium alloy through additive manufacturing.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Editorial Material
Crystallography
Pan Wang, Takayoshi Nakano, Jiaming Bai
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Jorg Luchtenborg, Evita Willems, Fei Zhang, Christian Wesemann, Florian Weiss, Julian Nold, Jinxing Sun, Fabien Sandra, Jiaming Bai, Helen Reveron, Jerome Chevalier, Benedikt C. Spies
Summary: This study evaluated the manufacturing accuracy of zirconia four-unit fixed dental prostheses using different additive manufacturing technologies compared to subtractive manufacturing. The results showed that subtractive manufacturing was the most accurate, while additive manufacturing still needs improvement in terms of accuracy.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yan Feng, Bochao Liu, Xueman Wan, Qianwen Liu, Xin Lin, Pan Wang
Summary: NiTi alloys with superelasticity and shape memory effects were prepared using laser solid forming technology. The microstructure, phase transformation, and shape recovery of the deposited alloy were affected by the deposition parameters. The alloy exhibited excellent compression superelastic recovery and shape memory effect, with variations depending on the deposition parameters.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinxing Sun, Daorong Ye, Ji Zou, Xiaoteng Chen, Yue Wang, Jinsi Yuan, Haowen Liang, Hongqiao Qu, Jon Binner, Jiaming Bai
Summary: Additive manufacturing (AM) has facilitated the production of highly customized, geometrically complex and functionalized parts in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), resulting in improved properties and functionality compared to single-phase ceramic components. This article provides a comprehensive review on the capabilities and limitations of various AM techniques for CMCs, with a focus on the reported properties and potentials of AM-manufactured ceramic matrix composites.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Yang Liu, Qihao Yang, Yue Wang, Minmin Lin, Yanrong Tong, Hanwei Huang, Chengyu Yang, Jianqun Wu, Bin Tang, Jiaming Bai, Chao Liu
Summary: The development of precision manufacturing has allowed the creation of small pores in metallic scaffolds. This study investigates the impact of pore geometry on cellular response, specifically in terms of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The results show that triangular pores can enhance osteogenic differentiation and promote angiogenesis. The findings contribute to the understanding of the interaction between orthopedic implants and cells.
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Binbin Guo, Jiahui Kang, Tianbiao Zeng, Hongqiao Qu, Shixiang Yu, Hui Deng, Jiaming Bai
Summary: In this study, a corrosion-resistant and robust titanium alloy lattice was designed as a catalyst support, and a core-shell structure was coated on its surface. The combination of these two materials successfully improved the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction, accelerating the large-scale production of hydrogen.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Yue Wang, Shangsi Chen, Haowen Liang, Yang Liu, Jiaming Bai, Min Wang
Summary: This study successfully developed a stable and well dispersed slurry with nano-sized biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powders and fabricated accurate porous BCP bioceramic scaffolds with good bioactivity using the DLP additive manufacturing technology. The effects of dispersant, photoinitiator, and solid loading on the properties of BCP slurries were investigated, and the influence of sintering temperature on the performance of DLP-formed bioceramics was comprehensively studied.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Binbin Guo, Yukun Zhong, Xiaoxia Song, Xiaoteng Chen, Peng Zhou, Fuxin Zhao, Jiaming Bai
Summary: A multifunctional organohydrogel was successfully designed for wearable strain sensors using digital light processing 3D printing technology, possessing excellent flexibility, stretchability, and skin-like compliance. By tailoring the cross-linking networks, the organohydrogel exhibited promising water absorption/retention, high stretchability, impressive elasticity, and fatigue resistance, while achieving good ionic conductivity, self-adhesiveness, and biocompatibility. Based on its multifunctionalities, 3D printed multihole organohydrogels were utilized as wearable and breathable strain sensors, increasing wear comfort without the need for fixation.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Hiroki Amano, Takuya Ishimoto, Koji Hagihara, Ryoya Suganuma, Keisuke Aiba, Shi-Hai Sun, Pan Wang, Takayoshi Nakano
Summary: This study found that the gas flow direction in laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) has a significant impact on product's crystallographic texture. The difference in melt pool depth, which depends on gas flow direction, is attributed to this effect. When the laser scanning and gas flow directions are parallel, the melt pool is shallower compared to when they are perpendicular. This phenomenon is particularly important to consider when using the Scan Strategy_XY, as it can cause unintended variations in crystallographic texture.
VIRTUAL AND PHYSICAL PROTOTYPING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Buke Wu, Binbin Guo, Yuzhu Chen, Yongbiao Mu, Hongqiao Qu, Meng Lin, Jiaming Bai, Tianshou Zhao, Lin Zeng
Summary: This study improves the reversibility and utilization of zinc anodes by using three-dimensional printed graphene arrays, overcoming the limitations of current two-dimensional geometric design of zinc anodes. The graphene array structures can accommodate the volume change during zinc deposition/dissolution process and protect the battery from short circuits.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Binbin Guo, Yukun Zhong, Xiaoteng Chen, Shixiang Yu, Jiaming Bai
Summary: Electrically conductive hydrogels have been widely used in flexible wearable strain sensors due to their superior electrical conductivity, stretchability, and biocompatibility. However, modifying conductive fillers and the non-degradability of traditional hydrogels have been challenging issues. In this study, a digitally 3D printed electrically conductive and degradable hydrogel was developed, alleviating the complexity of preparation and addressing environmental pollution caused by electronic waste.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tianbiao Zeng, Binbin Guo, Zhiyao Xu, Funian Mo, Xiaoteng Chen, Liping Wang, Yihong Ding, Jiaming Bai
Summary: To improve the kinetics of water electrolysis, researchers have designed a graphene-based capillary array as a catalyst support, using 3D printing technology to control the release of bubbles and supply of water at the gas-liquid-solid interface. By planting a low-cost and highly active CoNi carbonate hydroxide on the support, efficient water electrolysis has been achieved. This research provides a promising avenue for designing and preparing advanced catalysts in various fields.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)