Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Keith Raymond Harris
Summary: This paper argues that fears of an epistemic catastrophe caused by deepfake technology are exaggerated. The evidential power of video is not solely dependent on its content, but also on its source, and appropriate patterns of trust can mitigate the epistemic threat posed by deepfakes. Additionally, focusing solely on deepfakes intended to deceive may overlook the psychological impact and harm that this technology can have, even if the audience does not believe the content to be true.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Tom Roberts
Summary: In this paper, the author distinguishes between two types of deepfakes and examines the deceptive strategies employed by the second type. The first category focuses on creating a fabricated record of events, talk, and action without any direct address to the audience. The second category involves deepfakes that target an addressee outside the recording, such as giving instructions or issuing commands. Unlike the former category, the latter can directly manipulate the actions of the addressee, leading to potentially unethical outcomes.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Philippe Verduyn, Julia C. C. Schulte-Strathaus, Ethan Kross, Ute R. Hulsheger
Summary: Research on the social displacement hypothesis, examining when and how smartphone communication affects face-to-face interactions and emotional well-being, revealed that while within-persons tend to have less face-to-face interactions on days with increased smartphone communication, there is no significant difference between-persons who engage in heavy smartphone use and those who do not. Additionally, a mindfulness intervention was effective in reducing daily smartphone communication and decreasing negative emotions.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adriana Volna, Martin Bartas, Petr Pecinka, Vladimir Spunda, Jiri Cerven
Summary: This paper reviews the current understanding of miRNAs in spring barley, discussing their roles in plant development, homeostasis, and immune processes, and proposing future research directions and unresolved questions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Economics
Andre Lemelin, Luc Savard
Summary: This paper introduces computable general equilibrium (CGE) models as a tool for analyzing the impact of fiscal reforms. The general strengths and weaknesses of CGE models are discussed, along with the basic principles for their proper use in democratic policy debates. The paper examines how fiscal reforms mainly affect the behavior of economic agents and the handling of these effects in CGE models. A review of CGE models applied to evaluating efficiency and equity impacts is also provided, along with remarks on the policy-relevance of the literature and recommendations for making valid contributions to fiscal reform debates.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND POLICY
(2022)
Article
Social Issues
Debbie Hopkins, Tim Schwanen
Summary: Automated vehicles have become a popular topic of discussion, expanding from technology developers to a wide range of communities. Levels of automation have emerged as a key way to depict the gradations of autonomy, highlighting the need for diverse perspectives to reframe the dominant discourse on future mobility systems.
TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Urszula Kosciuczuk, Pawel Knapp
Summary: Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions, while not common, can be serious and life-threatening. There is a lack of information on the occurrence of these reactions in many countries, leading to an underestimation of the global assessment of the problem. Developing a system to monitor their occurrence in other countries is essential for patient safety during anesthesia.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shanshan Xie, Shitao Chen, Jingyue Zheng, Masayoshi Tomizuka, Nanning Zheng, Jianqiang Wang
Summary: In this study, the cognitive characteristics of human drivers were summarized and a comprehensive architecture for humanlike automated driving solutions was designed, with a focus on drivers' compensation strategies in different environments. We explored cognition foundation, cognition process, and cognition strategies from drivers' perspectives to build a strong theoretical and factual foundation for the development of humanlike AD solutions.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jonn Axsen, Scott Hardman, Alan Jenn
Summary: This article highlights the importance of zero-emissions vehicles (ZEVs) in decarbonizing the transport sector and focuses on the effectiveness and impact of a ZEV sales mandate policy in the long term. It presents an interdisciplinary framework to address the complexity of the policy and summarizes limited evidence on policy effectiveness, efficiency, public acceptability, and transformative potential.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Business
Rajat Panwar, Jonatan Pinkse, Benjamin Cashore, Bryan W. Husted
Summary: This paper focuses on corporate-led efforts to stop deforestation and identifies four reasons behind their failure: global trade and supply-chain obscurity, power dynamics in supply chains, neglected consumption in emerging economies, and diluted goal setting. We call upon corporate sustainability scholars to develop novel corporate sustainability initiatives that can address the complex challenge of deforestation. We propose three broad areas of research to advance scholarship on the role of corporate sustainability in stopping deforestation: zero-deforestation supply chains, zero-deforestation consumption, and nature-positive business models.
BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Nathan R. Kuncel, Frank C. Worrell
Summary: The Woo et al. review sets a foundation for discussing the larger goals of higher education, emphasizing the need for diversity and achievement in producing accomplished individuals. However, the problem of unequal opportunities for all groups up to early adulthood remains a significant issue, resulting in wasted potential that affects individuals, communities, and society as a whole. To address this, the authors propose increased investment in gifted-and-talented programs, promoting diversity in program participation, improved assessment of psychosocial skills and talents, and early career counseling and mentoring.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Business, Finance
Johannes Stroebel, Jeffrey Wurgler
Summary: The survey of 861 finance academics, professionals, and public sector regulators and policy economists revealed that regulatory risk is seen as the top climate risk to businesses and investors in the next five years, while physical risk is considered the top risk over the next 30 years. Respondents overwhelmingly believe that asset prices underestimate climate risks. Opinions were also gathered on the expected correlation between growth and climate change, social discount rates for projects mitigating climate change effects, influential forces for reducing climate risks, and important research topics.
JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Wiktoria Blaszczak, Pawel Swietach
Summary: Invasive cancer is a product of somatic evolution, which can be mathematically modelled and demonstrated through therapeutic responses. Altering the chemical microenvironment shared between host and cancer cells is a strategy to drive cancer cell extinction, with acidosis being a key chemical signature of the tumor microenvironment. Research efforts are focused on understanding and exploiting the competitive advantage that cancer cells gain from responses to acidosis.
CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Business
Susanne Burri, Daniela Lup, Alexander Pepper
Summary: Senior executives have diverse concepts of distributive justice, endorsing various philosophical principles and believing that companies should also address this issue, rather than leaving it solely to governments via tax systems. They generally perceive the societies they live in and the companies they work for as falling short of ideal distributive justice outcomes. The study identifies four distinct clusters of distributive justice views among executives, correlated with certain socio-demographic markers.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kacper Buldys, Tomasz Gornicki, Dariusz Kalka, Ewa Szuster, Malgorzata Biernikiewicz, Leszek Markuszewski, Malgorzata Sobieszczanska
Summary: Nociplastic pain, distinguished from neuropathic and nociceptive pain, is a recently identified type of pain that is well-documented in literature. Its pathophysiology, including alterations in spinal fluid elements, brain structure, and psychological factors, has not been clearly established. Diagnostic tools originally developed for neuropathic pain, such as the painDETECT and Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaires, can also be used for nociplastic pain, but more standardized instruments are needed for assessment. Nociplastic pain is found in various diseases, and current treatments for other types of pain may not be suitable. Efforts are being made to establish effective management strategies, leading to several clinical trials. Physicians should widely discuss and recognize this concept to optimize pain control for patients.
