Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Giovanni Pampararo, Gabriella Garbarino, Niccolo Ardoino, Paola Riani, Guido Busca
Summary: The study revealed that silica-doped alumina catalysts have a positive effect on the ethanol oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, resulting in high yields of acetaldehyde. The addition of silica improves the conversion rate of ethanol and selectivity to acetaldehyde, while also reducing MoO3 volatilization.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Paola Riani, Elena Spennati, Maria Villa Garcia, Vicente Sanchez Escribano, Guido Busca, Gabriella Garbarino
Summary: Samples of NiO on silica and alumina doped with silica were prepared and characterized. The SiO2 support showed low Ni dispersion ability, producing segregated NiO particles and dispersed Ni2+ in exchange sites, while the Si-doped alumina formed a surface spinel monolayer phase, leading to the formation of NiO. H2-TPR results indicated that NiO particles are more easily reduced than Ni species. Low loading Ni/SiO2 catalysts showed high selectivity and moderate activity for RWGS reaction, while high loading Ni/SiO2 catalysts showed both methanation and RWGS with short-term deactivation for methanation. Ni on alumina-rich carriers exhibited high activity and selectivity for methanation, attributed to small nickel clusters or metal particles interacting with alumina.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rafael Belo Duarte, Marcos Lucio Corazza, Joao Lourenco Castagnari Willimann Pimenta, Luiz Mario de Matos Jorge
Summary: A kinetic study of glycerol hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) on NiMo2C/Al2O3 and Al2O3 catalysts, prepared by sol-gel technique, was conducted at high glycerol concentration (95wt%) in a batch reactor, from 250 degrees C to 285 degrees C. The catalysts' structural and surface properties were characterized, and it was found that impregnation of alumina with Ni and Mo followed by carburization increased crystallite sizes and reduced total acidity. The reactions followed a zeroth order model and had no diffusion limitation. The main products were propanediols, ethylene glycol, long-chain molecules, as well as methane, ethane, and propane.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Salwa Bader Alreshaidan, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Anis H. Fakeeha, Abdulaziz M. Almutlaq, Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali, Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh
Summary: The influence of five different supported catalysts on the CO2 reforming of methane to syngas was examined. The results showed that the catalyst support with the highest surface area provided the best catalytic activity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tatiana R. Karpova, Liudmila N. Stepanova, Maria A. Moiseenko, Aleksandr V. Lavrenov, Aleksey B. Arbuzov, Evgeniy A. Buluchevskiy, Andrey V. Bukhtiyarov, Tatyana S. Glazneva, Evgeniy Yu. Gerasimov
Summary: The catalytic properties of molybdenum-alumina systems depend on the synthesis conditions. The effect of MoO3/Al2O3 catalyst pretreatment conditions on their activity in propylene and propane conversion was investigated. It was found that activation of the catalyst in an inert gas flow resulted in the highest propylene conversion and yields of metathesis products, while activation in hydrogen increased the activity and selectivity in propane dehydrogenation.
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuxia Ma, Zhe Su, Nanfang Tang, Shuai Chen, Wentao Wang, Jieqiong Yuan, Zhi Cao, Hui He, Yu Cong
Summary: The La-doped Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared using a modified wetness impregnation method, resulting in improved reduction of Ni oxides and dispersion. These catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity in the selective hydrogenation of styrene, with the catalyst containing 0.5 wt% La showing the highest styrene conversion (100%) and selectivity (>99%).
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sanaz Normohammadi, Farzaneh Bahmani, Lida Fotouhi, Mehdi Khoshfetrat
Summary: The engineered nickel nanocone-modified NiMoO4 hybrid on Ni foam substrate demonstrates enhanced capacitance performance, high specific capacitance, and cycling durability, making it a promising electrode material for stable supercapacitors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivan Pedroarena, Lucia Grande, Jonathan J. Torrez-Herera, Sophia A. Korili, Antonio Gil
Summary: This research investigates the interactions between alumina-supported nickel catalysts and other metals, and their impact on the catalyst's performance. The reduction capacity of oxide phases has been analyzed, revealing that Pd facilitates the formation of easily reducible NiO species. Furthermore, the impregnation order of Mo and Pd does not significantly affect the catalysts' properties.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Natalia Sergienko, Elisabeth Cuervo Lumbaque, Nick Duinslaeger, Jelena Radjenovic
Summary: In this study, a novel anode based on TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) coated with Mo-doped MnxOy was developed and applied for the electrooxidation of persistent organic contaminants. The Ti/TiO2 NTA-MnxOy-Mo anode outperformed the commercial Ti/IrOx-Pt anode in terms of oxidizing organic contaminants, with lower electric energy consumption and without chlorine evolution reaction. Mo doping played a crucial role in the excellent performance of the synthesized anode, promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies and Mn/Mo redox couples, enhancing the oxidizing power and ensuring complete stability of the anode.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinghua Xu, Ruifeng Wang, Lirong Zheng, Junguo Ma, Wenjun Yan, Xiaofeng Yang, Junying Wang, Xiong Su, Yanqiang Huang
Summary: The study investigated the nature of Ni active sites using Ni supported on alumina-silica as the catalyst, and found that Ni+ sites exhibit unprecedented activity in ethylene oligomerization, potentially directly participating in the formation of active sites.
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiandong Hong, Yanfeng Zhao, Jiang Wu, Xialin Xie, Pengcheng Zhao, Shuai Li, Hong Yao, Guangqian Luo, Zhenhao Liu, Xin Yang
Summary: In this study, an anti-sintering Al2O3/CaO sorbent was synthesized and applied for the adsorption of As2O3, showing improved performance compared to untreated CaO due to enhanced anti-sintering ability with the addition of Al2O3. The adsorption mechanism of As2O3 on Al2O3/CaO was proposed based on experimental and theoretical analysis, with the Al site identified as the main adsorption active site and electron transfer channel.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Myeong Gon Jang, Sinmyung Yoon, Dongjae Shin, Hyung Jun Kim, Rui Huang, Euiseob Yang, Jihun Kim, Kug-Seung Lee, Kwangjin An, Jeong Woo Han
Summary: In this study, the activity and selectivity of oxide-supported metal catalysts were enhanced by controlling the catalyst's facet and doping methods. The WGSR activity of Pd supported on Cu-doped CeO2 (CDC) was found to synergistically increase, exceeding the sum of the effects of morphology and Cu doping. The effect of each tuning method on the activity was further investigated from a mechanistic perspective.
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. H. K. Owgi, A. A. Jalil, M. A. A. Aziz, W. Nabgan, N. S. Hassan, I. Hussain, M. Alhassan, M. A. A. Aziz, A. H. Hatta, M. Y. S. Hamid
Summary: Spherical mesoporous Ni/fibrous silica-alumina (Ni/FSA) catalysts with varied Ni loadings were synthesized and their catalytic performance was evaluated. The catalyst with 12.5 wt% Ni showed the highest efficiency and stability, and could inhibit coke deposition.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Natalia Sergienko, Elizabeth Cuervo Lumbaque, Jelena Radjenovic
Summary: MnxOy coated TiO2 nanotube array substrate doped with Mo and PANI exhibited excellent activity and stability for electrochemical desulfurization in basic pH conditions. The introduction of Mo and PANI co-dopants increased the electrochemically active surface area, improved coating conductivity, and reduced charge transfer resistance. The catalytic oxidation of sulfide showed minimal impact from different operational parameters, and long-term anode usage requires periodic removal of the formed sulfur layer.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Wang Jinmin, Hou Lijun, Ma Dongyun
Summary: Electrochromic materials have reversible color-changeable characteristics and are widely used in smart windows, displays, and other fields. Molybdenum oxide, as a typical cathodic colored electrochromic material, has advantages of short response time and colored state closer to the human eye's sensitive wavelength band.
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thanh Khoa Phung
Summary: This review focuses on the development of Cu-based catalysts for ethanol dehydrogenation and dehydrogenative coupling reactions, and discusses the effects of Cu charge, particle size and dispersion, support, promoters and reaction conditions on the catalytic activity and selectivity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
J. A. Cecilia, E. Vilarrasa-Garcia, R. Morales-Ospino, E. Finocchio, G. Busca, K. Sapag, J. Villarroel-Rocha, M. Bastos-Neto, D. C. S. Azevedo, E. Rodriguez-Castellon
Summary: This study focuses on the separation of CO2 from emissions using low-cost adsorbents. Zeolite 4A was successfully synthesized from natural kaolinite under specific conditions, showing similar properties to commercial 4A zeolite. The research aims to optimize the synthesis process to enhance CO2 adsorption capacity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Giovanni Pampararo, Gabriella Garbarino, Antonio Comite, Guido Busca, Paola Riani
Summary: CuO-ZnAl2O4 based catalysts were tested for selective dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Different preparation procedures were adopted, and a novel Cu-SSC catalyst showed high yield and selectivity. The catalysts can be efficiently pre-reduced in the reactant mixture and have a long deactivation time.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gabriella Garbarino, Giovanni Pampararo, Elisabetta Finocchio, Guido Busca, Antonella Gervasini, Sebastiano Campisi, Brigida Silvestri, Claudio Imparato, Antonio Aronne
Summary: Amorphous catalytic materials belonging to the Nb2O5-P2O5-SiO2 system were prepared through a sustainable sol-gel procedure, exhibiting strong acidity and good selectivity in ethanol conversion but with the generation of by-products at high temperature and conversion.
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Ha N. Giang, Anh T. K. Le, Tuan N. A. Huynh, Thanh Khoa Phung, Wataru Sakai
Summary: This study cross-linked hydroxypropyl methylcellulose using citric acid and found that the addition of polyethylene glycol significantly improved the gel fraction of the hydrogel.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Elena Spennati, Paola Riani, Gabriella Garbarino
Summary: In the context of energy transition and CO2 emission reduction, CO2 hydrogenation using green hydrogen to produce Synthetic Natural Gas is a promising option. Ni-based catalysts, due to their low cost and natural abundance, are widely studied and used for methanation reaction at temperatures ranging from 573 to 673 K. However, these catalysts exhibit inadequate activity at low temperatures, low reducibility and dispersion, and can be deactivated by sintering or coke deposition. The addition of lanthanides, particularly lanthanum and cerium, has been explored as a solution to overcome the limitations of Ni-based catalysts. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the development of lanthanides promoted Ni catalysts, including their effect on catalytic properties and performance.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Giovanni Pampararo, Gabriella Garbarino, Paola Riani, Vit Vykoukal, Guido Busca, Damien P. Debecker
Summary: Copper-based catalysts are commonly used in dehydrogenation reactions, but they are prone to deactivation by sintering and coke deposition. A promising alternative is the use of aerosol-assisted sol-gel method to prepare Cu-SiO2 catalysts with high metal dispersion. Compared to catalysts made by impregnation, the aerosol-made catalysts show better stability, higher ethanol conversions, and selectivity above 75% for acetaldehyde.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Paola Riani, Elena Spennati, Maria Villa Garcia, Vicente Sanchez Escribano, Guido Busca, Gabriella Garbarino
Summary: Samples of NiO on silica and alumina doped with silica were prepared and characterized. The SiO2 support showed low Ni dispersion ability, producing segregated NiO particles and dispersed Ni2+ in exchange sites, while the Si-doped alumina formed a surface spinel monolayer phase, leading to the formation of NiO. H2-TPR results indicated that NiO particles are more easily reduced than Ni species. Low loading Ni/SiO2 catalysts showed high selectivity and moderate activity for RWGS reaction, while high loading Ni/SiO2 catalysts showed both methanation and RWGS with short-term deactivation for methanation. Ni on alumina-rich carriers exhibited high activity and selectivity for methanation, attributed to small nickel clusters or metal particles interacting with alumina.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Khanh B. Vu, Tuan K. A. Hoang, Vy Anh Tran, Thanh Khoa Phung, Nhi L. P. Truong
Summary: This study compares the mechanical properties of ZIF-8 and ZIF-8 filled with hydrogen molecules, finding that the filled ZIF-8 exhibits higher resistance to compression and shearing, and faster transmission of shear energy. These findings provide insights into the structural stability of MOF materials and suggest a possible method for loading hydrogen molecules into the ZIF-8 framework.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Bao-Tran Tran Pham, Hue-Tran Thi Dang, Dai Van Nguyen, Long Giang Bach, Thanh Khoa Phung, Thuong Thi Nguyen
Summary: This study aimed to produce multi-functional active film by adding Sonneratia ovata leaf extract (SOE) and Piper betel L. oil (PBLO) to polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PCs). The results showed that the SOE-added PCs film had a compact structure and exhibited lower swelling degree and higher mechanical strength compared to the neat PCs. The co-supplementation of PBLO increased the swelling degree due to the more open structure and improved the UV-barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of the PCs film.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Thuong Thi Nguyen, Bao-Tran Tran Pham, Dai Van Nguyen, Thanh Khoa Phung
Summary: Antibacterial packaging films were prepared using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), agarose, and cinnamon oil (CO). The films' mechanical, antibacterial, water- and UV-barrier properties were fully characterized. The addition of CO slightly affected the color of the films, but the dispersibility of CO in the polymeric matrix was influenced by its concentration. The UV-barrier property of PVOH/agarose was improved with the addition of a small amount of CO. The tensile strength of the films remained unchanged with increasing CO content, while the flexibility significantly decreased. The PVOH/agarose film with 1.5% (v/v) CO showed strong inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus due to the presence of cinnamaldehyde in CO, and this inhibitory capability was maintained for up to 7 days. Moreover, the PVOH/agarose film with 1% (v/v) CO was effective in enhancing the storability of bread slices during 50-day storage at room temperature.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sina Ebrahim Atakoohi, Elena Spennati, Alessandro A. Casazza, Paola Riani, Gabriella Garbarino
Summary: The study evaluated the pyrolysis of end-of-life olive stone under different operating parameters, finding that product composition was significantly influenced by the parameters, while changes in biomass particle size had a negligible effect.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xuan-Tien Pham, Thong Le Minh Pham, Xuan Thang Cao, Khanh B. Vu, Vy Anh Tran, Gabriella Garbarino, Thanh Khoa Phung
Summary: Catalytic conversion of lignin into valuable liquid products using reduced Ru/C catalyst was investigated. The results showed that the catalyst is stable and active for the conversion of lignin model compound. For Kraft lignin, the catalyst enhanced the conversion, with the highest conversion achieved using ethanol solvent at high temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bao-Tran Tran Pham, Tien-Dat Tran, Thanh Khoa Phung, Long Giang Bach, Dai Van Nguyen, Thuong Thi Nguyen
Summary: The goal of this study was to develop an active coating using pectin and agarose supplemented with Piper betel L. leaf extract to extend the shelf life of Chiquita bananas. The introduction of PBE into the film improved its properties and the coating effectively sealed and dispersed on the fruit skin. The PeA-PBE-30 coating reduced the respiration rate of bananas, as well as weight loss, total soluble solids, and pH, indicating its protective efficacy.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qingyuan Zheng, Jack H. Williams, Scott Elgersma, Mick D. Mantle, Andrew J. Sederman, G. Leendert Bezemer, Constant M. Guedon, Lynn F. Gladden
Summary: In this study, a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor compatible with NMR/MRI was developed for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Multiple magnetic resonance techniques were applied to quantitatively characterize different product species within catalyst pellets, providing valuable information for catalyst and reactor optimization.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lisa Ramisch, Sebastian Pfaff, Sabrina M. Gericke, Edvin Lundgren, Johan Zetterberg
Summary: We present a combination of optical operando techniques that allow simultaneous measurement of adsorbed species on catalyst surfaces, monitoring of surface oxide formation, and imaging of the gas phase above the catalyst surface. The experimental setup was validated by studying CO oxidation on Pd(100) at different pressures, revealing the effects of pressure on the heterogeneous catalytic reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marta Paniagua, Gabriel Morales, Juan A. Melero, Daniel Garcia-Salgado
Summary: The influence of common impurities in levulinic acid on the catalytic performance of different acid catalysts for bio-jet fuel production was studied. It was found that furfural had the greatest detrimental effect on catalyst performance, while propyl-sulfonic acid-modified SBA-15 and sulfonic acid resin Amberlyst-70 showed good regeneration ability.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jesus Tapiador, Pedro Leo, Guillermo Calleja, Gisela Orcajo
Summary: This study presents a new MOF material, Zn-URJC-13, with acid and basic sites, permanent porosity, and high affinity to CO2 molecules. The Zn-URJC-13 catalyst exhibits efficient performance in CO2 cycloaddition reactions and can be reused multiple times.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Dan Zhao, Vita A. Kondratenko, Dmitry E. Doronkin, Shanlei Han, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, Uwe Rodemerck, David Linke, Evgenii V. Kondratenko
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of cheap and commercially available Zr or Ti-based supports and ZnO to serve as active and selective catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The catalytically active species formed in situ under PDH conditions consist of isolated ZnOx. ZnOx on the surface of LaZrOx shows the highest rate of propene formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hanbyeol Kim, Jung Rae Kim, Young-Kwon Park, Jeong-Myeong Ha, Jungho Jae
Summary: In this study, metal phosphates were used as catalysts for biomass conversion to produce sustainable aromatics through DielsAlder cycloaddition reactions. The effects of synthesis method, activation method, and P/Ti molar ratio on the structure and acid properties of titanium phosphate catalysts were systematically studied. The mesoporous titanium phosphate catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180℃ for 12 h followed by ethanol refluxing at 60℃ for 24 h at a molar P/Ti ratio of 1 showed the highest surface area and acid site density.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yasin Khani, Sumin Pyo, Kwang-Eun Jeong, Chul-Ung Kim, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-Hun Jeon, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Siyoung Q. Choi, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: A protonated form of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (H-ZSM-5) catalyst was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using different sources of silica. The effect of loading the catalyst with yttrium, samarium, and gadolinium on the acidic properties was investigated. Among the metal-loaded catalysts, the Sm/LHZ catalyst showed the best performance in the methanol to propylene conversion due to its high amount of weak and intermediate acid sites, while the Gd-LHZ catalyst increased the selectivity towards ethane and propane.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Michael Franc, Ivana Cisarova, Jan Vesely
Summary: The present study investigates an enantioselective cyclization of enals with imidazolone derivatives catalyzed by a combination of achiral Pd(0) complex and chiral secondary amine. Corresponding spirocyclic imidazolones were produced in high yields with moderate diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. The developed co-operative catalytic methodology provides a highly substituted spirocyclic scaffold with four stereogenic centers under mild conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mauro Alvarez, Jennifer Cueto, David P. Serrano, Pablo Marin, Salvador Ordonez
Summary: This study focuses on improving the formulation and preparation methods of catalysts for the production of dimethyl carbonate. By using suitable catalyst preparation methods and copper salt precursors, the researchers successfully produced catalysts with optimal performance for dimethyl carbonate formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Claudia J. Keijzer, Luc C. J. Smulders, Dennie Wezendonk, Jan Willem de Rijk, Petra E. de Jongh
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic behavior of alpha-alumina supported silver catalysts in the presence of chloride. It is found that the particle size of silver can affect the selectivity of the catalyst, but different strategies lead to different results. In this size range, the selectivity of ethylene oxide is correlated to the Ag : Al2O3 surface ratio.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Takeshi Aihara, Wataru Aoki, Michikazu Hara, Keigo Kamata
Summary: The development of acid-base bifunctional catalysts is important for promoting specific chemical transformations. In this study, Ti-based perovskite oxides were synthesized and used as catalysts for two C-C bond-forming reactions (cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation). The highly pure SrTiO3 nanoparticles with a high specific surface area exhibited the highest catalytic performance, and could be easily recovered and reused.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Olga Gorlova, Petra Pribylova, Eliska Vyskocilova, Katerina Peroutkova, Jan Kohout, Iva Paterova
Summary: This study investigates the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of beta-cyclocitral using tin-modified mixed oxides as catalysts. The optimal reaction conditions and the effects of various factors on the reaction course and selectivity were determined. The results show that tin-modified mixed oxides exhibit high activity and selectivity in the oxidation reaction.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. I. Avila, M. M. Alonso-Doncel, L. Briones, G. Gomez-Pozuelo, J. M. Escola, D. P. Serrano, A. Peral, J. A. Botas
Summary: The catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin using ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts showed significant improvements in bio-oil quality and the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrico Catizzone, Giorgia Ferrarelli, Paolo Bruno, Girolamo Giordano, Massimo Migliori
Summary: The acid-catalysed alcohol conversion reaction is a promising route for de-fossilization strategies. Research on pure alcohol conversion and simultaneous dehydration of mixed alcohols have shown different product compositions, with the type and distribution of acid sites affecting the reaction mechanism.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alireza Ranjbari, Juho Kim, Jihee Yu, Jiyun Kim, Mireu Park, Nayoung Kim, Kristof Demeestere, Philippe M. Heynderickx
Summary: This study investigated a novel kinetic model for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using commercial ZnO and reduced ZnO photocatalysts. The results provided new insights into the interaction of catalysts with molecules of different charges and compared with a previous study on methylene blue. The presence of oxygen vacancies in ZnO and their effects on adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were analyzed, and the photocatalytic degradation rate of reduced ZnO was found to increase significantly.